Essential Questions How did labor unions impact industry and the lives of workers? How effective...
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Transcript of Essential Questions How did labor unions impact industry and the lives of workers? How effective...
Essential Questions
• How did labor unions impact industry and the lives of workers?
• How effective were labor unions in improving the lives of American workers?
Big Business• Horizontal integration: monopoly formed
by controlling all of the same type of business
• Vertical integration: monopoly formed by controlling business related to the primary business
Vertical and Horizontal Integration
• Resources
• Manufacturing
• Distribution
• How do trusts and monopolies affect industry and the economy? Fewer control more, growing gap between the rich and poor
• What conditions did factory workers face? Long hours, no benefits, poor pay and very hazardous conditions
Rise of Labor UnionsGoals of Industry
Effects on Workers
Results/Reaction
•Make money•Improve manufacturing•Control businesses•Eliminate competition•Mass production
•Bad working conditions•Long hours•Low wages•No benefits•Mind-dulling tasks•Company towns
•Workers try to join together•Labor unions form•Strikes•Incidents that get public attention•Gov’t regulation•Few gains during this era
Labor Unions Develop: a group of wage earners formed for the purpose of serving the members’ interests with respect to wages and working conditions.
Employee/Labor Union TacticsEmployee/Labor Union Tactics• Strike: a groups refusal to work in protest
to low pay or bad working conditions• Collective bargaining: negotiation between
an employer and trade union, generally labor union leaders and the employer
• Arbitration: the hearing and determination of a dispute by a neutral party agreed to by both parties
Employer Tactics
• Blacklists: a list of persons or organizations that have incurred disapproval or suspicion or are to be boycotted
• Lockouts: a management action resisting employee’s demands; employees are prohibited from entering the work place until they agree to terms
• Scabs: workers that break strike lines to work
• Injunction: court order command or preventing an action— used to shut-down strikes
Knights of Labor• Terrance Powderly• Any kind of labor
accepted—open shop
• Weakness—unskilled workers lack leverage
• Preferred to only use strikes as last resort
• Equal pay for men and women
American Federation of Labor
• Samuel Gompers—most well-known labor leader
• Only skilled workers—craft union
• Used collective bargaining and negotiations
• Made strikes a legitimate weapon for unions
BOTH• Unions• Want to
improve conditions for
worker• First labor organizations
• Better pay• Better
working conditions
• Shorter work week
Industrial Labor Unions• Radical labor union
• Founded by Eugene Debs
• All workers from the same industry
• Do achieve increased wages, but few other gains
• Industrial Workers of World aka the Wobblies
• Advocated workers making more decisions for the company and even becoming involved in politics
Box Event Who What Results
Gov’t Interventio
n
Great Strike of 1877
Railroad workers
Violent protests due to cutting of wages for a
second time in one month
Over 50,000 miles of RR are shut down
Federal troops are sent in by Pres. Hayes—he says
they are impeding interstate commerce
Haymarket Square
Haymarket Square
Affair in Chicago of
1886
McCormick workers(3000) &
Knights of Labor
Protesting the death of a striker—a bomb is
thrown into crowd police then fire into
crowd = several police and civilians killed.
Union activity is blamed for this incident, Union leaders are convicted, and it will lead to a
decline in union activity especially Knights of
Labor
Industrial Unions
Pullman Coach Strike
of 1894
United Railroad Workers
(all laborers in one industry)Eugene Debs
Response to workers being laid off and
wages being cut, but housing rent not being
reduced.
Pullman hired strikebreakers and violence breaks out
Debs is jailedWorkers are blacklisted
Women Workers
Women’s Labor
Movement
Mary Harris “mother” Jones
Urged women to get behind leaders and striking husbandsUsed women and
children to help strikeAdvocated against child
labor
Widespread publicityHelped get child labor
laws passedGot women involved
with movement
Public Pressure
Triangle Shirtwaist
Factory Fire
Workers at the factory, mostly
women
Fire broke out in factory, workers were trapped inside because
the company had locked all the doors to prevent
theft and to keep out union organizers
About 145 diedPublic is outraged
Task force set up to deal with conditions
Leads to government regulations on working
conditions
Public Pressure
Homestead Strike
Steel workers at Carnegie’s Steel Co. in Homestead,
PA
Company president announce wage cuts,
workers strike and the president of the
company hired scabs and strikebreakers
which lead to violence
3 detectives and 6 workers dead
Gov’t interventionHurts union
Hurts Carnegie’s reputation
ACTIVITY ON STRIKESYou will be creating a brochure on the major strikes and incidents in the late 1800s
that were a part of the labor movement and helped improve wages and conditions that workers faced during the time period.
Front: Title, Picture, Name, Date, Block
Inside: cover who was striking, why, what happened, any key people, any other pertinent information
for the following events:1. Great Strike of 1877
2. Pullman Coach Strike3. Homestead Strike4. Haymarket Strike
5. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
Back Side: Knights of Labor and AFL as well as the tactics used by Unions and tactics used by Owners during the labor movement
A minimum of 4 drawings (including front page)Each section must have a title
Needs to be neat, colorful, and creative!!
ACTIVITY ON STRIKESYou will be creating a brochure on the major strikes and incidents in the late 1800s
that were a part of the labor movement and helped improve wages and conditions that workers faced during the time period.
Front: Title, Picture, Name, Date, Block
Inside: cover who was striking, why, what happened, any key people, any other pertinent information
for the following events:1. Great Strike of 1877
2. Pullman Coach Strike3. Homestead Strike4. Haymarket Strike
5. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
Back Side: Knights of Labor and AFL as well as the tactics used by Unions and tactics used by Owners during the labor movement
A minimum of 4 drawings (including front page)Each section must have a title
Needs to be neat, colorful, and creative!!
_________________• Led by
__________ ___________
• Any kind of labor accepted— ______ ________
• Weakness—______________ workers lack leverage
• Preferred to only use strikes as ____ ___________
• Wanted _______ pay for men and women
_____________________________
• Led by ___________ _________ —most well-known labor leader
• Only _________--________ _______
• Used collective bargaining and negotiations
• Made strikes a legitimate weapon for unions
BOTH• Unions• Want to __________ conditions for
worker• _______ labor
organizations• Better pay
• Better working conditions
• _______ work week