ESPAD: does itinfluence policymaking? · • Harmonize different data-sources • An integrated...
Transcript of ESPAD: does itinfluence policymaking? · • Harmonize different data-sources • An integrated...
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Improving Mental Health by Sharing Knowledge
ESPAD: does it influencepolicymaking?
Experiences in the Netherlands
Dr. Karin Monshouwer
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• Unique dataset
• 35 countries
• Same methodology
• Cross-national comparison
• 6 waves (1995-2016)
• 100.000 respondents per wave
• 20 years trend data
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ESPAD (1)
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• ESPAD is important for policymaking
• But it depends on the substance
• 2 examples from the Netherlands
– Alcohol
– Ecstasy and NPS
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The influence of ESPAD
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The case of alcohol: 2003
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ESPAD 2003 (15 en 16-jarigen) Hibell et al., 2004 5
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‘Dutch youth are the boozers of Europe’
(Minister of health)
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Dutch National School Survey 8
Strong increase among 12-13 years old
Lifetime Meisjes
0
20
40
60
80
100
1988 1992 1996 1999 2003
12
13
14
15
16
17-18
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Studies on alcohol and the young brain
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New insights in the role of parents
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Many campagnes….
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Peilstationsonderzoek: 12 t/m 16 jarige scholieren (lifetime use)
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Decreasing trend since 2003
0
20
40
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80
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92
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96
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03
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07
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11
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15
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92
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96
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99
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03
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07
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11
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Jongens Meisjes
% 12 13 14 15 16
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• ESPAD was a strong trigger for policy measures on alcohol use
• But other information helped:
– National school survey showing increase among 12-13 year olds
– New studies on the impact of alcohol use on the brain
– New insights in the role of the parents (set clear rules: ‘no alcohol use’ <16)
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Concluding
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The case of ecstasy and NPS
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• Lifetime prevalence 4% (2011)
• Highest in ESPAD, but also 4% in 7 other countries and only slightly above European average of 3%
• NPS (2015)
• Prevalence is very low and Netherlands is almost at the bottom of the list
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Ecstasy and NPS in ESPAD
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Lay back and relax?
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Lifetime (%) Last year (%) Last month (%)
Cannabis 76,7 52,0 32,8
Ecstasy 69,6 60,6 34,8
Amphetamine 45,2 33,4 19,0
Cocaine 40,5 27,1 12,7
Nitrous oxide 39,9 25,5 7,2
2C-B 15,8 9,4 2,4
4-
Fluoramphetamine
9,9 8,5 3,8
Mephedron 5,2 2,5 0,7
Methylone 4,2 2,2 0,5
Methoxetamine 3,0 2,3 0,3
6-APB 2,9 2,1 0,6
Spice 2,3 1,3 0,6
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Drug use among frequent visitors of dance parties (15-35 years) 2013
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High risk groups (youth care and special education)
715
25
310
18
13 32 2
51 2 30
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100
12-13 jaar 14-15 jaar 16 jaar
%
jeugdzorgrec-4prolwooregulier
Lifetime prevalence ecstasy
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Severity of XTC incidences
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Increase in average concentration of MDMA in ecstasy tablets
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Trimbos, institute 2016 (MBO/HBO study) 22
Strong increase 16 to 18 years
16 17 18 Totaal
Jongens 4.1 8.3 13.8 10.6
Meisjes 3.9 5.1 10.1 7.5
Totaal 4 6.7 12 9.1
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%
Ecstasy (lifetime prevalence)Jongens Meisjes Totaal
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0
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2012 2013 2014
DIMS 2015 23
Number of NPS samples offered to test-service
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• ESPAD has a clear value for policy making
• Other data sources are needed, especially for drugs
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Concluding
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• Harmonize different data-sources
• An integrated system, collecting key data every year
• Modules for different topics, including drugs, at a lower frequency
• Covering the Dutch population from 12 years and older
• ‘Prefered’ statistics for the government.
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Lifestyle Monitor since 2014
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Lifestyle Monitor
Frequency Population
General population
survey (key indicators)
Yearly 12 plus 2014, 2015
- Module on drugs (in
depth information)
4-yearly 12 plus 2016, 2020, etc
Youth
- National school
Survey on substance
use (in depth)
4-yearly 12-16 2015, 2019 etc
- HBSC (key
indicators)
4-yearly 12-16 2017, 2021 etc
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Examples of other sources to inform drug policy
Frequency Population
ESPAD 4-yearly 15-16 years 1999, 2003, ..
Substance use monitor
among students
vocation/higher education)
2 yearly 16-18 2015, 2017
Monitor among frequent
visitor of parties
Not structural 15-35 2013, 2016
Survey in youth care, special
education
Not structural 12-18 1997, 2011
Monitor drug incidences continuously 2009-
THC monitor yearly 1999, 2000, etc
Drugs Information and
monitoring system
continously 1992-
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Drugs Information and Monitoring System (DIMS)
• Chemical/toxicological monitor of ‘recreational’
drug samples from drug users delivered to test
services of addiction care centres throughout
the country
• Continuous data collection and feedback
• About 10,000 samples annually, increasing due
to market situation