ESL 221ESL 221

October 7, 2009October 7, 2009

Documenting SourcesDocumenting Sources

In research based essays, it is In research based essays, it is often necessary to quote and often necessary to quote and paraphrase the information we paraphrase the information we find in various sourcesfind in various sources

Using such source material gives Using such source material gives credibility to our writing, thus credibility to our writing, thus making our essays strongermaking our essays stronger

Documenting SourcesDocumenting Sources

In order to avoid plagiarism, In order to avoid plagiarism, we must document the exact we must document the exact location of the information we location of the information we quote or paraphrasequote or paraphrase

We must do this anytime we use We must do this anytime we use any idea, concept or statistic any idea, concept or statistic from any other personfrom any other person

Documenting SourcesDocumenting Sources

There are many methods for There are many methods for documenting sources, however two are documenting sources, however two are most commonly used at American most commonly used at American universities:universities: MLA (Modern Language Association) formatMLA (Modern Language Association) format APA (American Psychological Association) APA (American Psychological Association) formatformat

Each format has specific guidelines Each format has specific guidelines for appearance and pertinent for appearance and pertinent information to be includedinformation to be included

Which format should I use?Which format should I use?

For the purposes of this class, For the purposes of this class, I prefer that you use APA I prefer that you use APA format. However it will be format. However it will be important that you know which important that you know which format is expected for other format is expected for other classes, as some instructors classes, as some instructors will prefer MLA.will prefer MLA.

APA Citation StyleAPA Citation Style

The APA style consists of two The APA style consists of two primary components:primary components: A Reference List – this is a detailed list A Reference List – this is a detailed list of all of the sources to which you have of all of the sources to which you have made reference in your essay. The made reference in your essay. The reference list appears at the end of the reference list appears at the end of the essay.essay.

In-Text Citations – accompanies each piece In-Text Citations – accompanies each piece of cited material in the body of the paper; of cited material in the body of the paper; points the reader to the detailed citation points the reader to the detailed citation on the reference liston the reference list

Frequently Asked Frequently Asked QuestionsQuestions

Is it okay if I only do a Is it okay if I only do a reference list?reference list? No, you must complete both a reference list No, you must complete both a reference list AND in-text citations to avoid plagiarismAND in-text citations to avoid plagiarism

What if I paraphrase? Do I have What if I paraphrase? Do I have to make a citation?to make a citation? Yes, citations are required any time you Yes, citations are required any time you use an idea from another person; the only use an idea from another person; the only exceptions are ideas that are common exceptions are ideas that are common knowledge (e.g. “The sky is blue”)knowledge (e.g. “The sky is blue”)

Other Questions?Other Questions?

What does it look like?What does it look like?

When you are reading an essay with APA When you are reading an essay with APA citations, the first thing you will citations, the first thing you will notice are the in-text citations. For notice are the in-text citations. For example:example:

““More recently, in 2000 the poverty rate More recently, in 2000 the poverty rate stood at 11.3 per cent, then rose to 12.1 and stood at 11.3 per cent, then rose to 12.1 and 12.5 per cent in 2002 and 200312.5 per cent in 2002 and 2003” (Paddock).” (Paddock).

Note the name of the author in parentheses Note the name of the author in parentheses after the quote, which directs the reader to after the quote, which directs the reader to the reference list for further detailsthe reference list for further details

What does it look like?What does it look like?

In-text citation:In-text citation:““More recently, in 2000 the poverty rate stood at More recently, in 2000 the poverty rate stood at 11.3 per cent, then rose to 12.1 and 12.5 per cent 11.3 per cent, then rose to 12.1 and 12.5 per cent in 2002 and 2003” (Paddock).in 2002 and 2003” (Paddock).

Reference list entry:Reference list entry:Paddock, C. (2007, August 29). 47 million Paddock, C. (2007, August 29). 47 million Americans Americans without health without health insurance, census insurance, census report. report. Medical News Today, Retrieved from Medical News Today, Retrieved from

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/80897.php80897.php

What does it look like?What does it look like?

In-text citation:In-text citation:““More recently, in 2000 the poverty rate stood at More recently, in 2000 the poverty rate stood at 11.3 per cent, then rose to 12.1 and 12.5 per cent 11.3 per cent, then rose to 12.1 and 12.5 per cent in 2002 and 2003” (in 2002 and 2003” (PaddockPaddock).).

Reference list entry:Reference list entry:PaddockPaddock, C. (2007, August 29). 47 million , C. (2007, August 29). 47 million Americans Americans without health without health insurance, census insurance, census report. report. Medical News Today, Retrieved from Medical News Today, Retrieved from

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/80897.php80897.php

More InformationMore Information

The Brief McGraw-Hill Handbook The Brief McGraw-Hill Handbook is your best source for is your best source for information on APA and MLA information on APA and MLA format citationsformat citations

MLA begins on p. 213MLA begins on p. 213 APA begins on p. 263APA begins on p. 263

Let’s take a few minutes to Let’s take a few minutes to explore the APA sectionexplore the APA section

Using the HandbookUsing the Handbook

Scenario 1: You have found a source Scenario 1: You have found a source and would like to use it in an essay. and would like to use it in an essay. The source is from a website; the The source is from a website; the author’s name is Steve Martin. Find author’s name is Steve Martin. Find the page in the book that will show the page in the book that will show you how to create a reference list you how to create a reference list entry.entry.

Scenario 2: You have found a quote in Scenario 2: You have found a quote in a newspaper article. The author’s a newspaper article. The author’s name is Karen Bannister. Find this name is Karen Bannister. Find this type of entry in the Handbook.type of entry in the Handbook.

Using the HandbookUsing the Handbook

Scenario 3: You have found a Scenario 3: You have found a quote on a website and would quote on a website and would like to use it in your essay. like to use it in your essay. There is no author listed, and There is no author listed, and you cannot find the date when you cannot find the date when the website was published. the website was published. What page would you turn to for What page would you turn to for information on creating this information on creating this kind of citation?kind of citation?

HandoutHandout

Complete the handout, which will Complete the handout, which will require you to use many of the skills require you to use many of the skills we have discussed thus far (e.g. we have discussed thus far (e.g. writing a research question, writing writing a research question, writing a thesis statement, citing a source)a thesis statement, citing a source)

You should begin to work with a You should begin to work with a partner; if we run out of time, the partner; if we run out of time, the worksheet will become homework for worksheet will become homework for MondayMonday