1 Sin and Its Consequences Olavi Voittonen Translated from Oikea ja väärä: Vuosikirja 2006, SRK.
Esko-Olavi Seppälä / SB HOW TO MEET THE CHALLENGE IN FINLAND'S STI POLICY TAMPERE, JUNE 4TH, 2008...
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Transcript of Esko-Olavi Seppälä / SB HOW TO MEET THE CHALLENGE IN FINLAND'S STI POLICY TAMPERE, JUNE 4TH, 2008...
Esko-Olavi Seppälä / SB
HOW TO MEET THE CHALLENGE IN FINLAND'S STI POLICY
TAMPERE, JUNE 4TH, 2008
TRENDS AND CHANGES IN STI POLICIES INFLUENCED BY GLOBALISATION
Esko-Olavi SeppäläS&T Policy Council of Finland
Esko-Olavi Seppälä / SB
338,000 sq. km 5,3 million people Capital Helsinki 2 official languages
Finnish Swedish
GDP per capita 2006 € 31,700 a member of
the European Union
FINLAND; the country
Helsinki
Esko-Olavi Seppälä / SB
CHARACTERISTICS/FINLAND
• Political consensus + citizens' support• Mutual trust between STI players• 'Top-down and hands-off' <=> expert and
funding-level (meso-level) activities have occupied a key role (Academy, Tekes, Sitra)
• Economic crisis in early 1990s <=> ICT boom <=> technological innovation
• In 2000s: technological + social innovation• Strengths (incl. high level of education) mostly
self-created
Esko-Olavi Seppälä / SB
0,0
1000,0
2000,0
3000,0
4000,0
5000,0
6000,0
7000,0
public universities companies
Source: Statistics Finland
R&D EXPENDITURE BY SECTOROF PERFORMANCE, million €
1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2006
Esko-Olavi Seppälä / SB
Enterprises Universities Public Sector Total
OECD 1.55 0.40 0.30 2.25
U.S.A. 1.80 0.35 0.45 2.60
EU-27 1.10 0.40 0.25 1.75
Japan 2.55 0.45 0.35 3.35
Canada 1.05 0.70 0.20 1.95
Finland 2.45 0.65 0.35 3.45
BREAKDOWN OF INVESTMENT IN R&DIN 2005 BY SECTOR OF PERFORMANCE (%
of GDP)
Source: OECD
Esko-Olavi Seppälä / SB
Food industry 1½%
Chemicals7%Other industries
20½%
Wood processing industry 2%
R&D EXPENDITURE IN FINNISH ENTERPRISES IN 2006
Electronic and electrical industries 56½%
Engineering and metal products11%Other
manufacturingindustries1½%
Esko-Olavi Seppälä / SB
0
500
1000
1500
2000
1996 1999 2006
STRUCTURE OF GOV'T R&D FUNDING
Basic institutional fundingFree ”competitive” funding
EURmillion
75%
25%40%
60%
45%
55%
Esko-Olavi Seppälä / SB
Government(Gov't R&D funding 2008: 1 798 million Euro)
Science and Technology Policy Council
Ministry ofEducation
(778 million €)
Ministry ofEmployment and the
Economy(673 million €)
OtherMinistries
(347 million €)
Finnish FundingAgency for Technology
and Innovation(526 million €)
Academy ofFinland
(297 million €)SITRA Fund
HE institutes and government research institutes
Enterprises, private research institutes,funds and foundations, learned societies, intermediaries
Esko-Olavi Seppälä / SB
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY COUNCILOF FINLAND
CHAIRMANPrime Minister
DEPUTY CHAIRMENMinister of Education and ScienceMinister of Economic Affairs
OTHER MINISTERSMinister of Finance+ 0 - 4 other ministers
10 OTHER MEMBERSAcademy of Finland Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (Tekes)Industry and CommerceEmployees’ organisationsUniversities+ other members
Science Policy SubcommitteeTechnology Policy SubcommitteeCouncil Secreteriat
Esko-Olavi Seppälä / SBEsko-Olavi Seppälä / SB
Source: Finnish Science Barometer 2004
FINNISH SCIENCE BAROMETER 2004
Esko-Olavi Seppälä / SB
SWOT ANALYSIS OF FINLAND'S R&D
• A small domestic market area and population
• Limited economic and intellectual resources
• Fragmented research activities: Resources allocated to a large number of small units
• A small number of foreign students and researchers
• The inflow of FDI is low
Esko-Olavi Seppälä / SB
1990’s1990’s2000’s2000’s
Green line describes the situation Green line describes the situation in the 1990sin the 1990s
Esko-Olavi Seppälä / SB
MAIN CHALLENGE
HOW TO RETAIN NATIONAL STRENGTHS AND COMPETITIVENESS IN THE FUTURE, IN OPEN GLOBAL COMPETITION?
THE "PACKAGE OF REFORMS" OF THE PRESENT GOVERNMENT:
- "THE BIG FIVE" - GENERIC DEVELOPMENT ISSUES - SELECTIVE MEASURES
Esko-Olavi Seppälä / SB
MEETING THE CHALLENGE I
• THE BIG FIVE:
– Structural and other renewal of the HE institution– National innovation strategy– National infrastructure policy– Structural and other renewal of the sectoral research– Implementation of a four-stage research career system
Esko-Olavi Seppälä / SB
MEETING THE CHALLENGE II
• GENERIC DEVELOPMENT ISSUES:
– Internationalisation– RDI funding
• National target 4 % of GDP by 2011
• Share of public funding around 30 %, i.e. 1.2 % of GDP (today about 1 %)
Esko-Olavi Seppälä / SB
MEETING THE CHALLENGE III
• SELECTIVE DEVELOPMENT ISSUES:
– Strategic centres of excellence in STI ("SHOKs"):• A cluster-based PPP policy instrument
• Example: www.forestcluster.com
– Centres of expertise programme ("OSKE"):• A regionally driven cluster-based development programme
(2007-2013)