EQ#6 What are the properties of matter?
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Transcript of EQ#6 What are the properties of matter?
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EQ#6 What are the properties of matter?
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What is a (Pure) Substance?
• A substance is matter that is uniform & has an unchanging composition.
• A formula can be written for a substance –Ex. H20 or 02
• A substance can be either an element or a compound.
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Elements and Compounds• Element:
– Contains only 1 type of atom– Found on the Periodic Table
• Ex. O2, Fe, Na, He
• Compound:– 2 or more elements chemically
combined– Ex. H2O, C6H12O6, CO2
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Physical Properties
• These are characteristics that can be observed without changing the sample’s composition.
• They are observed directly with the senses.
• Examples include: – Shape, color, density, odor, boiling
point, etc.
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What are some physical properties of water?
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Chemical Properties• This is the ability of a substance to
combine with other substances or change into 1 or more substances.
• It is the result of contact with another substance, or due to the application of thermal or electrical energy.
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Examples of Chemical Properties:
• Iron rusts when combined with oxygen
• Water decomposes into hydrogen & oxygen
• Magnesium burns
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Quiz: Physical or Chemical Property?
• Water boils at 100°C.• Silver tarnishes.• Propane burns.• Density of Al is 2.7 g/mL.• Carbon is black & brittle.• Zinc reacts in acid.
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Extensive vs. Intensive Properties
• Extensive properties:– Depends on the amount of a substance
present.– Ex. Mass, volume, length
• Intensive properties:– Independent of the amount of substance
present.– Ex. Density, boiling point, reactivity
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Phases of MatterPhase Definite
Shape?DefiniteVolume
DistanceBetweenParticles
Ex.
Solid Yes Yes TightlyPacked
Ice, wood
Liquid No Yes Less Close
Water,mercury
Gas No No Far apart Air, H2O vapor
• Vapor is a gaseous state of substance that is normally a solid or liquid at room temperature.
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Phases (States) of Matter
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Physical Changes: • Physical changes are changes that occur
without changing the composition of the substances.
• Bending, grinding, crushing, dissolving, cutting, phase changes etc.
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Physical Change Examples:• Ice melting:
H2O (s) H2O (l)
• Potassium permanganate dissolving in water:
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Chemical Changes:• Chemical changes are changes that
occur when substances change into new substances.
• Also called a chemical reaction.
• Exploding, rusting, oxidizing, burning, etc.
• New substances formed have a different composition & different properties.
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Indicators of a Chemical Reaction:
1. Gas formation2. Solid formation
(precipitate)3. Change in color4. Change in odor5. Change in
temperature
Precipitate:
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Physical or Chemical Change?
• Alcohol evaporating.• Iron rusting.• Dynamite exploding.• Sugar dissolving in water.• Water boiling.• Baking soda & vinegar
reacting.• Dry ice subliming.