Epithelia. 1.Cell: the basic structure of human cell 2.Tissue: consists of cells and intercellular...
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Transcript of Epithelia. 1.Cell: the basic structure of human cell 2.Tissue: consists of cells and intercellular...
![Page 1: Epithelia. 1.Cell: the basic structure of human cell 2.Tissue: consists of cells and intercellular substance 3.Organ: consists of different tissues which.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649d6f5503460f94a50767/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Epithelia
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1.Cell: the basic structure of human cell
2.Tissue: consists of cells and intercellular substance
3.Organ: consists of different tissues which have
related function 4.System: consists of different organs which have related function
Human organization
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HumanTissues
Epithelia
Connective tissue
Muscle Tissue
Nervous tissue
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一、 General characteristics and classification of epithelia
(一) General characteristics of epithelia
1. cells arranged intensively;small quantity of intercellular substance. 2. cells have polarity.
3. no blood vessels.
4. Function: : Protection, secretion, and absorption,etc.
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(二) Classification of Epithelia
Epithelia mainly classified into 2 sorts:
Covering epithelia : Cells arranged like membrane
Localization: covering the outer surface of the body and the inner
surface of the cavities ,Sacs or ducts within the body.
Function: Protection.
Glandular epithelia : Function- Secretion
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二、 covering epithelia
Principles of the classification :
Layers of the cells : simple epithelia stratified epithelia
Shape of the cells : Squamous epithelia Cuboidal epithelia Columnar epithelia
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Simple squamous epithelia Simple cuboidal epithelia Simple columnar epithelia
Stratified squamous epithelia Transitional epitheliaPseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia
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1. simple squamous epithelia
Description: Single layer of flat cells with disc- shaped central nuclei.Top view: Polygonal, central nucleiSide view: Squamous, central nuclei
Function: Allows passage of material by diffusion & filtration and reduces friction by providing a smooth surface & secreting lubricating serous fluid.
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Simple
squamous epithelia
endothelium : heart, blood vessles lymphatics
mesothelium : Pericardium, pleura peritoneum
others : alveoli of the lungs, glomeruli in the kidney, etc
Localization
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simple squamous epithelium
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(1) endothelium
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endothelium
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(2) mesothelium
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(3) others
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2. simple cuboidal epithelium
Description: Single layer of cubelike cells with large, spherical central nuclei.
Function: Function in secretion and absorption.
Locations: (1) In the secretory portions of many glands : thyroid, mammary, and salivary. (2) In the kidney tubules
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simple cuboidal epithelium
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simple cuboidal epithelium
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simple cuboidal epithelium
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3. simple columnar epithelium
Description: Single layer of columnar cells with oval nuclei ; often have an apical border of microvilli; Many contain goblet cells (mucus-secreting unicellular glands).
Function: absorption of nutrients; secretion of mucus & enzymes.
Locations: digestive tract,etc.
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simple columnar epithelium
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simple columnar epithelium
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simple columnar epithelium
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4. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Description: single layer of cells of differing heights, but some don't reach the free surface. Nuclei are seen at many different levels. They contain goblet cells and cilia.
Function: secretion & propulsion of mucus
Locations: l the trachea & most of the upper respiratory tract.
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pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
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pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
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pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
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5. stratified squamous epithelium
Description: multiple layers of cells. Surface cells are flattened. Basal cells: cuboidal or columnar; active in mitosis and produce the cells of the more superficial layers.
Function: resists abrasion and acts as a barrier, Retards water loss through skin.
Locations: skin, mouth, vagina, esophagus , etc.
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Stratified
Squamous
epithelium
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium: skin Surface is covered with layers of compact dead cells without nuclei (and full of keratin)
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium:esophagus,oral cavity
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stratified squamous epithelium
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keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
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nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
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7. transitional epithelium
Description: multiple layers of cells. Surface cells are dome-shaped. Middle layers: cells are polyhedral Basal cells: cuboidal or columnar.
Locations: renal pelvis and calyces,the ureter, the urinary bladder ,etc.
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transitional epithelium
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transitional epithelium
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transitional epithelium
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6.stratified columnar
epithelium
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(一) surface of epithelia
1. microvillus 2. cilium
三、 special structure of each side
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1.Microvillus function : enlarge the area of the surface
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2.Cilium Function : regularly swing
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1. tight junction
2. intermediate junction
3. desmosome
4. gap junction
(二) side face of epithelia
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(三 ) Underside of the
epithelia
1. basement membrane
2. plasma membrane infolding
3. hemidesmosome
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1.basement membrane Function:support,connect,etc.
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2.plasma membrane infolding function : enlarge the area of the
underside
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3.Hemidesmosome Function:fixing