ENZYMES A Special Type of Protein. A. Enzymes AAlmost all enzymes are protein catalysts made by...
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Transcript of ENZYMES A Special Type of Protein. A. Enzymes AAlmost all enzymes are protein catalysts made by...
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ENZYMESA Special Type of Protein
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A. Enzymes Almost all enzymes are protein
catalysts made by living organisms (like us!)→Catalysts can change rate or speed of chemical reaction without being consumed or destroyed
+catalaseH2O2Hydrogen peroxide
(liq)
H2OWater (liq)
O2Oxygen
(gas)
(found in human and bacterial cells)
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+
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→Speeds up favorable reactions by reducing activation energy needed for a chemical reaction to beginoActivation energy: energy needed to start chemical reaction (EA)♦Example: to get boulder rolling down the hill, must first push it = activation energy –Activation energy MUST be supplied for all chemical reactions to occur
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Enzymes Create Energy Needed to Run Reaction
+EA
H2O2 H2O O2
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→Enzyme acts on chemical called substrate which binds to enzyme, causing chemical reaction to take place ♦ involved in almost all metabolic
or chemical processes
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Catalase Example+catalaseH2O2
Hydrogen peroxide
(liq)
H2OWater (liq)
O2Oxygen
(gas)
SUBSTRATE
ENZYME
PRODUCT
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Enzyme/Substrate = Lock/Key
Only ONE enzyme attaches to ONE specific substrate to power the reaction – just like a lock, it never gets destroyed.
lock enzyme
keysubstrate
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♦ any factor that changes shape of enzyme can affect enzyme activity:1. substrate concentration
B. Enzyme Activity = Speed of Reaction
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2. temperature range◦ Each enzyme works best at a specific temperature.
Temperature extremes will denature or destroy an enzyme.
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3. pH range>out of range will change enzyme, reducing effectiveness
http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab2/ph.html
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The END
HOMEWORK◦p. 42 DATA LAB #1-5◦P. 42 #1-6