Environmental Science PowerPoint Lecture Principles of Environmental Science - Inquiry and...
-
date post
19-Dec-2015 -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
0
Transcript of Environmental Science PowerPoint Lecture Principles of Environmental Science - Inquiry and...
![Page 1: Environmental Science PowerPoint Lecture Principles of Environmental Science - Inquiry and Applications, 2nd Edition by William and Mary Ann Cunningham.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d395503460f94a13725/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Environmental Science PowerPoint Lecture
Principles of EnvironmentalScience - Inquiry and Applications,
2nd Editionby William and Mary Ann Cunningham
![Page 2: Environmental Science PowerPoint Lecture Principles of Environmental Science - Inquiry and Applications, 2nd Edition by William and Mary Ann Cunningham.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d395503460f94a13725/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Chapter 11 familiarize you with:•Understand some basic geologic principles, including how plate-tectonic movements affect conditions for life on earth
•Explain how the three major rock types form and how the rock cycle works
•Summarize economic mineralogy, strategic minerals
•Discuss environmental effects of mining and mineral processing
•Recognize geologic hazards: earthquakes, volcanoes, floods, and erosions
![Page 3: Environmental Science PowerPoint Lecture Principles of Environmental Science - Inquiry and Applications, 2nd Edition by William and Mary Ann Cunningham.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d395503460f94a13725/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Key Terms – Chapter 11
•Barrier islands
•Core
•Crust
•Earthquakes
•Flood
•Floodplains
•Heap-leach extraction
•Igneous rocks
•Landslides
•Magma
•Mantle
•Metamorphic rocks
•Midocean ridges
•Mineral
•Rock
•Rock cycle
•Sedimentary rocks
•Sedimentation
•Smelting
•Strategic metals & minerals
•Tectonic plates
•Volcanoes
•Weathering
![Page 4: Environmental Science PowerPoint Lecture Principles of Environmental Science - Inquiry and Applications, 2nd Edition by William and Mary Ann Cunningham.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d395503460f94a13725/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Chapter 11 - Topics
• A Dynamic Planet
• Minerals and Rocks• Economic Geology and Mineralogy• Environmental Effects of Resource Extraction• Conserving Geologic Resources• Geologic Hazards
![Page 5: Environmental Science PowerPoint Lecture Principles of Environmental Science - Inquiry and Applications, 2nd Edition by William and Mary Ann Cunningham.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d395503460f94a13725/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Part 1: A Dynamic
Planet
Oceanic crust•Young – 200 million years old
• Mainly basaltic
Inner core -Mostly Fe
Continental crust •Old – 3.8 billion years
• Mainly granitic
![Page 6: Environmental Science PowerPoint Lecture Principles of Environmental Science - Inquiry and Applications, 2nd Edition by William and Mary Ann Cunningham.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d395503460f94a13725/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Environmental Science PowerPoint Lecture Principles of Environmental Science - Inquiry and Applications, 2nd Edition by William and Mary Ann Cunningham.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d395503460f94a13725/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Tectonic Plates
![Page 8: Environmental Science PowerPoint Lecture Principles of Environmental Science - Inquiry and Applications, 2nd Edition by William and Mary Ann Cunningham.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d395503460f94a13725/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
that 200 million years ago there was a single supercontinent called Pangaea that combined all the world's continents in a single landmass?
![Page 9: Environmental Science PowerPoint Lecture Principles of Environmental Science - Inquiry and Applications, 2nd Edition by William and Mary Ann Cunningham.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d395503460f94a13725/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
70 million years ago
![Page 10: Environmental Science PowerPoint Lecture Principles of Environmental Science - Inquiry and Applications, 2nd Edition by William and Mary Ann Cunningham.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d395503460f94a13725/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Environmental Science PowerPoint Lecture Principles of Environmental Science - Inquiry and Applications, 2nd Edition by William and Mary Ann Cunningham.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d395503460f94a13725/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics
http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/RefMedia
![Page 12: Environmental Science PowerPoint Lecture Principles of Environmental Science - Inquiry and Applications, 2nd Edition by William and Mary Ann Cunningham.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d395503460f94a13725/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Plate Movements•~ 8 major tectonic plates on Earth
•Plates move slowly – 0.8 to 12 inches (8 to 30 cm) a year
•Movement caused major changes in position of continents over the last few hundred million years
•Most scientists think convection currents in earth’s mantle cause plate movement
![Page 13: Environmental Science PowerPoint Lecture Principles of Environmental Science - Inquiry and Applications, 2nd Edition by William and Mary Ann Cunningham.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d395503460f94a13725/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Mount Everest, Himalayas (highest mountain in world) – Indian plate pressed against Eurasian continental plate, lots earthquakes
![Page 14: Environmental Science PowerPoint Lecture Principles of Environmental Science - Inquiry and Applications, 2nd Edition by William and Mary Ann Cunningham.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d395503460f94a13725/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Eruption Mauna Loa, 1949. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Island of Hawaii
Mauna Loa 1950. Lava River. Hawaii
![Page 15: Environmental Science PowerPoint Lecture Principles of Environmental Science - Inquiry and Applications, 2nd Edition by William and Mary Ann Cunningham.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d395503460f94a13725/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Lava flowing into sea, Hawaii – island building and growth
![Page 16: Environmental Science PowerPoint Lecture Principles of Environmental Science - Inquiry and Applications, 2nd Edition by William and Mary Ann Cunningham.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d395503460f94a13725/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Hawaii, sugar cane, volcanic soils receiving new nutrients with eruptions (why people live on volcanoes)
St. John
![Page 17: Environmental Science PowerPoint Lecture Principles of Environmental Science - Inquiry and Applications, 2nd Edition by William and Mary Ann Cunningham.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d395503460f94a13725/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Iceland geology Eruption at the Hekla volcano, South Iceland, 2000
Photo taken 29/2 by Sigurjón H. Sindrason
Lots of Hot Springs – generate electricity, bath, swimming pools, heat houses (sulfur smell in water)
![Page 18: Environmental Science PowerPoint Lecture Principles of Environmental Science - Inquiry and Applications, 2nd Edition by William and Mary Ann Cunningham.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d395503460f94a13725/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
E.A. Keller. 1992. Environmental Geology
![Page 19: Environmental Science PowerPoint Lecture Principles of Environmental Science - Inquiry and Applications, 2nd Edition by William and Mary Ann Cunningham.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d395503460f94a13725/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The San Andreas Fault emerges from Pacific Ocean and runs through California about 600 mi from Point Arena to the Imperial Valley - boundary between North American & Pacific tectonic plates
http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/RefMedia.aspx?refid=461511862&artrefid=761554623&sec=-1&pn=1
![Page 20: Environmental Science PowerPoint Lecture Principles of Environmental Science - Inquiry and Applications, 2nd Edition by William and Mary Ann Cunningham.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d395503460f94a13725/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/vents/geology/MOR.html
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/savageearth/hellscrust/html/sidebar2.html
Mid-ocean ridges
Hydrothermal vents or ‘black smokers’
Tube worms
High in sulfur, copper, zinc, gold, iron
700 F
![Page 21: Environmental Science PowerPoint Lecture Principles of Environmental Science - Inquiry and Applications, 2nd Edition by William and Mary Ann Cunningham.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d395503460f94a13725/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The Rock Cycle – driven by plate tectonicsWeathering breaks down surface rock, erosion deposits in sedimentary formations
Old seafloor, sediment deposits melt in subduction zone or recrystallize deep into igneous rocks
Magma rises - volcano
Tectonic movement create pressure, heat & metamorphism –form sedimentary, igneous rocks
![Page 22: Environmental Science PowerPoint Lecture Principles of Environmental Science - Inquiry and Applications, 2nd Edition by William and Mary Ann Cunningham.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d395503460f94a13725/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Rocks are assemblages of minerals held in a solid massMinerals have a crystalline, repeating arrangements of atoms, and a specific chemical composition Examples of minerals: quartz (SiO2)
diamond (C)rock salt
(NaCl)
![Page 23: Environmental Science PowerPoint Lecture Principles of Environmental Science - Inquiry and Applications, 2nd Edition by William and Mary Ann Cunningham.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d395503460f94a13725/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
quartz
feldspar
hornblende
mica
Minerals
![Page 24: Environmental Science PowerPoint Lecture Principles of Environmental Science - Inquiry and Applications, 2nd Edition by William and Mary Ann Cunningham.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d395503460f94a13725/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
quartz
feldspar mica
GRANITE
IgneousRock
![Page 25: Environmental Science PowerPoint Lecture Principles of Environmental Science - Inquiry and Applications, 2nd Edition by William and Mary Ann Cunningham.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d395503460f94a13725/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Rock Types
Rock cycle includes rock
creation, destruction,
metamorphism
![Page 26: Environmental Science PowerPoint Lecture Principles of Environmental Science - Inquiry and Applications, 2nd Edition by William and Mary Ann Cunningham.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d395503460f94a13725/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
granite
schist limestone
marble
shale
slate
sedimentary
igneous
metamorphic
ROCKS
50% calcium carbonates
Calcium carbonate recrystallized as calcite
![Page 27: Environmental Science PowerPoint Lecture Principles of Environmental Science - Inquiry and Applications, 2nd Edition by William and Mary Ann Cunningham.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d395503460f94a13725/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
sandstone
mudstone
shale
Some Sedimentary Rocks
![Page 28: Environmental Science PowerPoint Lecture Principles of Environmental Science - Inquiry and Applications, 2nd Edition by William and Mary Ann Cunningham.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d395503460f94a13725/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Rainbow Bridge, Utah
![Page 29: Environmental Science PowerPoint Lecture Principles of Environmental Science - Inquiry and Applications, 2nd Edition by William and Mary Ann Cunningham.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d395503460f94a13725/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Weathering and Sedimentation
• Mechanical weathering - physical breakup, no change chemical composition (ex. Water)
• Chemical weathering – selective removal, alteration of specific components (oxidation, hydrolysis)
• Sedimentation –deposition of loosened rock
![Page 30: Environmental Science PowerPoint Lecture Principles of Environmental Science - Inquiry and Applications, 2nd Edition by William and Mary Ann Cunningham.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d395503460f94a13725/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
The chemical and physical breakdown of rocks into their component minerals or elements
Weathering: