Cunningham - Cunningham - Saigo: Environmental Science 7 th Ed. 12% of population uses 85% of water...

Cunningham - Cunningham - Saigo: Environmental Science 7th Ed.

12% of population uses 85% of water12% of population uses 85% of water

MajorityMinority

BymajorityByminority

WATER WARSWATER WARS


Price Mechanisms

• Charging a higher proportion of real costs to users of public water projects has helped encourage conservation.

Yet discriminates against poor.


Global water Industry Over $140 Billion a year

The World Water and Wastewater Utilities Market is estimated at $142 billion US in 2000…

(2000, $US)


Water multinationals (French & British)


Public/private water in EU countries(French & British mainly private)

95

100

82

63

25

100 100

96

100 100 100 99

90

98

12

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Belgium

Denmark Ge

rmany

Spain

France

Greece

Ireland

Italy

Luxembourg

Netherland

s

Austria

Portugal

Finland

Sweden

UK

Public

Private


1,489

1,6211,716

1,8031,848 1,841

1,784

1,9081,993

2,0502,100 2,100

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

average annual price (FF) for yearly consumption of 120m3, water & sanitationSource: DGCCRF

Municipal/RégiesDelegated/Private

Public and private prices in France

(Private more expensive)


““Water War” in BoliviaWater War” in Bolivia

Cochabamba residents protestingBechtel privatization of

municipal water system, 1999


Alternative: Debrecen, Hungary

• Preferred public to private

• Cheaper

• Financial comparison


Safety of municipal Safety of municipal water supplieswater supplies

Wisconsin, 1993Wisconsin, 1993

Australia, 1998Australia, 1998

(privatized system)(privatized system)

Ontario, 2000Ontario, 2000(gov’t had dropped(gov’t had dropped

e-coli testing)e-coli testing)


Bottled water costs more than oilBottled water costs more than oil


Bottled water quality in questionBottled water quality in question


Bottled water growthBottled water growth

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1970 1980 2000

Billions of gallons


WaterWaterPrivatizationPrivatization

WoodstockRiot 1999Fewer

bubblers inpublic

buildings?


Perrier/Nestle in the U.S.Perrier/Nestle in the U.S.

TexasTexas FloridaFlorida


Perrier/Nestle in the MidwestPerrier/Nestle in the Midwest

WisconsinWisconsin MichiganMichigan

Mecan SpringsMecan Springs(Waushara Co.)(Waushara Co.)

1999-2000;1999-2000;Big SpringBig Spring

(Adams Co.),(Adams Co.),2000-20022000-2002

Protection ofProtection ofrural suppliesrural supplies

from high-from high-capacity wellscapacity wells


‘New Geography of Conflict’

“Possible flashpoint for resource conflict”Water systems & aquifers• Jordan• Nile• Tigris – Euphrates• Amu Darya• Indus• Mountain Aquifer (West Bank/Israel)”


Middle East Water Conflicts


Israeli-Palestinian Water Conflict

Israel uses 82%Of West Bankgroundwater;charges Arabs 3x


Israel’sboundarywith Egypt and Gaza(Palestine)


Dead SeaShrinkage


Tigris and Euphrates riversTigris and Euphrates rivers

TurkeyTurkey

IraqIraq


International cooperation on water useInternational cooperation on water use


WebsitesWebsitesWater resourceshttp://www.worldwater.org/http://www.groundwater.com/Privatization of waterwww.canadians.org/blueplanethttp://www.citizen.org/cmep/Water/Bottled waterwww.saveamericaswater.comwww.savemiwater.orgwww.waterissweet.orgwww.saveourspringsinc.orgWater Wars (books)www.southendpress.org/books/waterwars.shtmlwww.mapcruzin.com/rev_resource_wars.htm

http://www.worldwater.org/

http://www.groundwater.com/

http://www.canadians.org/blueplanet

http://www.canadians.org/blueplanet

http://www.citizen.org/cmep/Water/

http://www.saveamericaswater.com/



http://www.waterissweet.org/

http://www.saveourspringsinc.org/

http://www.southendpress.org/books/waterwars.shtml




http://www.mapcruzin.com/rev_resource_wars.htm

Cunningham - Cunningham - Saigo: Environmental Science 7 th Ed. 12% of population uses 85% of water...

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