Caractérisation géostatistique de pollutions industrielles ...
Environmental pollutions,several types of environmental pollutions are present maily water...
Transcript of Environmental pollutions,several types of environmental pollutions are present maily water...
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
SOIL POLLUTION
Soil pollution is defined as the build – up in soils of persistent toxic compounds, chemicals, salts, radioactive materials, or disease causing agents , which have adverse effects on plant growth and animal health
Source of soil pollution
Fertilizers and pesticides Domestic and commercial wastes Industrial waste(oil refineries, metal
processing industries, drugs and pharmaceutical industries etc)
CONTROL OF SOIL POLLUTION
Reduce Reuse recycle
WATER POLLUTION
Water pollution is the contamination of water by foreign substances which unfavourably alter its quality and characteristics such that its normal functions and usefulness in domestics, agricultural, industrial etc
Sources of water pollution
Water pollution by Sewage Industrial effluents Soaps and detergents Pesticides Fertilizers Heavy metals(lead, mercury, cadmium etc)
Adverse effect of water pollution
Domestic sewage leads to induction of various pathogenic organisms into water and causes typhoid, cholera etc
Industrial effluents leads to a concentration of highly toxic organic, inorganic & metallic components in water
Pollution by soaps and detergents causes eutrophication Water pollution by fertilizers is causes Blue baby syndrome Oil pollution destroys marine life, water birds, coastal plants
etc Thermal pollution destroys aquatic life
Control of the water pollution
Sewage should be first treated in sewage treatment plants before it is let off into water bodies
Non-biodegradable detergents should be banned Use of chemical fertilizers & pesticides should be
minimizes Drainage system in cities, towns & villages should
be improved Laws should be enforced to ensure harm pest
disposal of water from shopes, factories & other enterprises
NOISE POLLUTION
Noise pollution means pollution of the environment with unpleasant and undesirable sound, through human activities, thereby causing adverse effects in all recepients.
Sources of noise pollution•Industries , factories and machineries•Vehicles such as trains, buses, cars, scooters etc.•Loud speakers and audio systems used in social gatherings, celebrations etc.•Domestic appliances such as grinders, mixies, vaccum cleaners, audio systems etc.•Various construction works•Sirens from factories etc.
Adverse effects of noise pollution•Induces hormonal imbalances, anxiety and fright•Affects hearing capacity and at higher levels- deafness•Induce emotional disturbances, psychological disorders, nervous breakdown and insanity•Increases heart beats and raises BP •Adversely affect the functioning of brain, kidneys and liver•Induces abortions and causes physical abnormalities in young children
Control of noise pollution
Ear – protective aids such as ear plugs must be issued to workers in noisy factories
Walls and ceilings of factories must be insulated with sound absorbing materials
Old noisy factory machines should be replaced by new ones fitted with silencers
Noise – creating operations should not be conducted in enclosed spaces but only in large open spaces
The use of air horns should be prohibited in cities and towns and near hospitals , schools etc.
Radiation pollution
The environmental pollution caused by extremely dangerous radiations from sources introduced into the environment by human activities
The main radiation hazard comes from ionising radiation(α-rays , β-rays, ϒ-rays, x-rays etc)
Sources of radiation pollution
Medical diagnosis using x-rays Radiotherapy Nuclear tests &radioactive fall out Nuclear reactors Nuclear power plants Radioactive waste Radioactive ore-processing Industrial & medical research
Hazards of radiation pollution Exposure to acute doses would produce symptoms of nausea
, diarrhoea , vomiting etc. Long term exposure to even small quantities of radiation
would cause cancer including leukemia. Short term exposure to even slightly larger quantities of
radiation would cause cancer of the breast, thyroid, lung or even brain.
Radiations can break down enzymes, proteins & nucleic acids.
It can cause red spots in the skin It can damage eye cells & induces cataract It can cause bone marrow depression, kidney &
liver disorders, damage to reproductive organs & gastrointestinal disorders.
It destroy aquatic population.
Control of radiation pollution
High chimneys and high ventilators should be used at places where radioactive contamination is high.
While working with radionuclides, hoods, gloves and masks made of protective materials should be used
Production of radioisotopes should be minimized Extreme care should be exercised during the
disposal of radioactive waste All safety precautions should be taken to prevent
leakage of radiation from nuclear reactors and plants.
THANK YOU BY ANAND P P