Tuning Zeolite Properties towards CO2 Methanation: An Overview
Environmental impacts of the CO2 methanation value · PDF fileEnvironmental impacts of the CO...
Transcript of Environmental impacts of the CO2 methanation value · PDF fileEnvironmental impacts of the CO...
Environmental impacts of the CO2methanation value chain
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Sour
ce: F
rank
Brü
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66thDiscussionForum:LCAofmobilitysolutions:Approachesandfindings30August2017,AlumniPavillon,ETHZürich,Switzerland
SarahWettstein,RenéItten&MatthiasStuckiResearchGroupLifeCycleAssessmentZurichUniversityofAppliedSciences,InstituteofNaturalResourceSciences
Implications on mobility with passenger cars
Power-to-Gasprocessusesexcesspowerfromrenewablesourcestoproducehydrogen(H2).H2 isthenconvertedtosyntheticnaturalgas(SNG,methane)usingtheprocessofmethanation,whichcanbeusedtopowervehicles.
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Production of synthetic natural gas
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NRP70EnergyTurnaround:SustainabilityassessmentoftheCO2 methanationvaluechain:environmentalimpactsandsocio-economicdriversandbarriersNRP70EnergyTurnaround:RenewableMethaneforTransportandMobility(RMTM)Projectpartners:• Hochschule für Technik Rapperswil (HSR),Institut für Energietechnik (IET)• ZurichUniversityofAppliedSciences(ZHAW),InstituteofChemistryandBiotechnology(ICBT)and
InstituteofNaturalResourceSciences(IUNR)• UniversitySt.Gallen,InstituteofOperationsResearchandComputationalFinance• École Polytechnique Fédérale deLausanne(EPFL),Institut desSciencesetIngénierie Chimiques
(ISIC)• SwissFederalLaboratoriesforMaterialsScienceandTechnology(EMPA),DepartmentofMobility,
EnergyandEnvironment
H2
CO2
H2+CO2àCH4Transport
andMobilityTransportationandstorage
4 different vehicle types- Petrolpoweredcar- Dieselpoweredcar- Naturalgaspoweredcar- Electriccar
4 sets of scenarios for production synthetic PtG natural gas- Electricitysource- Hydrogenelectrolysisefficiency- CO2 source- Methanation(workinprogress)
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Goal and scope of the project
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Quantificationoftheenvironmentalimpactsofvehiclespoweredbysyntheticnaturalgas(SNG)incomparisonwithconventionalvehicles
Framework- Geographic:Switzerland- Temporal:Actualstateofresearch,2015
Functional Unit- 1kilometredrivenbycar(1vehiclekilometre)
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Scenarios for synthetic natural gas production
Set of scenarios Scenario
Electricity source
Swiss power mix (grid mix)Poly-Si photovoltaicsCadmium telluride photovoltaicHydropowerMunicipal solid waste incinerationExcess power from photovoltaic production
Hydrogen productionElectrolysis efficiency: 62%Electrolysis efficiency: 70%Electrolysis efficiency: 80%
CO2 sourceIndustrial waste gases (e.g. from cement production)Atmosphere
Methanation CatalyticBiogenic (under revision)
System boundaries and schematic representation of the production system
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Blue:Scenariosetelectricitysource Yellow:ScenariosetCO2 sourceGreen:Scenariosetelectrolysisefficiency Orange:InfrastructureandvehicleGrey:Backgrounddata
systemboundary
hydropower
powerfromphotovoltaics(Poly-Si,CdTe)
powerfromincineration
plant
CO2fromwastegases(cement
industry)
H2fromalkalineelectrolysis(70%
efficiency)
naturalgaspoweredcar
servicestation
ecoinventdatabase(backgrounddata)
CO2fromatmosphere
H2fromalkalineelectrolysis(62%
efficiency)
Swissgridmix
excesspower
H2fromalkalineelectrolysis(80%
efficiency)
infrastructure,electrolyser
methane
infrastructure,reactor
emissions
transport,1km
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Swissgridmix PVPoly-Si PVCdTe Hydropower Incinerationplant Excesspower Petrol Diesel Naturalgas(fossil)
Electric
SNGvehicle Referencevehicles
Greenh
ousegasemissions[kgCO 2-eq./km]
Exhaustemissions Fuelprovision
Distribution Methanation
CO2production H2production
Vehicleandroad
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Greenhouse gas emissions per vehicle kilometre
Errorbarsindicatethevarianceduetochangeinelectrolysisefficiencyfrom70%to64%and80%
- 70%electrolysisefficiency- CO2 fromindustrialwastegases
variance,dependingonpowersupplyforloadingbattery
GreenhousegasemissionspervehiclekilometreareconsiderablylowerforSNGvehiclescomparedtodieselandpetrol
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Swissgridmix PVPoly-Si PVCdTe Hydropower Incinerationplant Excesspower Petrol Diesel Naturalgas(fossil)
Electric
SNGvehicle Referencevehicles
Environm
entalimpa
ct[e
copo
ints/km]
Exhaustemissions Fuelprovision
Distribution Methanation
CO2production H2production
Vehicleandroad
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Total environmental impacts according to ecological scarcity 2013
- 70%electrolysisefficiency- CO2 fromindustrialwastegases
variance,dependingonpowersupplyforloadingbattery
Errorbarsindicatethevarianceduetochangeinelectrolysisefficiencyfrom70%to64%and80%
TotalenvironmentalimpactspervehiclekilometrearehigherforSNGvehiclescomparedtoallconventionalfuelsiftheSwissgridmixisusedforH2production
Scenario CO2 source
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TheseparationoftheCO2fromatmosphereonlycausesminorgreenhousegasemissionscomparedtothehydrogenproduction
CO2 collectionfromatmospherecauseshighergreenhousegasemissionsbutenablesdecentralisedmethanation
- SwisselectricitymixatgridforH2 production- 70%electrolysisefficiency
• Mobility fuelled by synthetic natural gas causes lower greenhouse gas emissions per vehicle km than diesel and petrol fuelled vehicles
• Total environmental impacts per vehicle km for synthetic PtGnatural gas are higher compared to conventional natural gas unless excess power is used for methanation
• Depending on the used electricity source, the GHG emissions and the total environmental impacts per vehicle kilometre can be reduced by 42% and 51%, respectively.
• The GHG emissions of the separation of CO2 from the atmosphere are of minor importance for the total greenhouse gas emissions per vehicle kilometre.
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Conclusions
Kommentar:Stromquelle H2-Elektrolyse - für alle gelb markierten Zellen per Dropdown-Menü eine Auswahl treffenWirkungsgrad H2-ElektrolyseCO2-QuelleStromquelle CO2-Bereitstellung
Gutschrift für AbwärmenutzungStromquelle Batterieladung Elektroauto
Ergebnisse für die einzelnen Prozesse (pro Kilometer)
62% Wirkungsgrad
70% Wirkungsgrad
80% Wirkungsgrad
Fahrzeug mit Benzinmotor
Fahrzeug mit Dieselmotor
Erdgas-PKW
Elektro-PKW
62% Wirkungsgrad
70% Wirkungsgrad
80% Wirkungsgrad
Fahrzeug mit Benzinmotor
Fahrzeug mit Dieselmotor
Erdgas-PKW Elektro-PKW
kg CO2-eq kg CO2-eq kg CO2-eq kg CO2-eq kg CO2-eq kg CO2-eq kg CO2-eq UBP UBP UBP UBP UBP UBP UBPH2 Produktion 0.0126 kg 0.09 0.03 0.01 0 0 0 0 233 60 23 0 0 0 0CO2 Produktion 0.06948 kg 0.001 0.001 0.001 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 0 0 0 0Methanisierung 0.0336 m3 0.002 0.002 0.002 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 0 0 0 0Verteilung 0.0336 m3 0.002 0.002 0.002 0 0 0 0 6 6 6 0 0 0 0Treibstoffbereitstellung 1 km 0 0 0 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.03 0 0 0 70 44 20 88Auspuffemissionen 1 km 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.16 0.15 0.068 0.000 0 0 0 83 79 33 0Fahrzeug und Strasse 1 km 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.08 127 127 127 119 119 119 102Gutschrift für Abwärme 1 km 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 1 km 0.161 0.11 0.09 0.269 0.237 0.154 0.112 374 201 163 271 242 171 190
161 107 85 60%
Parameter 62% Wirkungsgrad 70% Wirkungsgrad 80% Wirkungsgrad
Abgase Abgase Abgase62% 70% 80%
CH Strommix CH Strommix CH Strommix
PtG-Fahrzeug PtG-Fahrzeug ecoinvent (adaptiert)ecoinvent (adaptiert)
CH Strommix
Elektro-AutoCH Strommix Photovoltaik CdTe Überschussstrom
Fahrzeug mit DieselmotorFahrzeug mit Benzinmotor Erdgas-Auto
Stromquelle Methanisierung CH Strommix CH Strommix CH Strommixnein nein nein
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62%Wirkungsgrad 70%Wirkungsgrad 80%Wirkungsgrad FahrzeugmitBenzinmotor
FahrzeugmitDieselmotor
Erdgas-PKW Elektro-PKW
PtG-Fahrzeug ecoinvent(adaptiert)
Gesamtumweltbelastung
(UBP
/km)
MethodederökologischenKnappheit GutschriftfürAbwärme
FahrzeugundStrasse
Auspuffemissionen
Treibstoffbereitstellung
Verteilung
Methanisierung
CO2Produktion
H2Produktion
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62%Wirkungsgrad 70%Wirkungsgrad 80%Wirkungsgrad FahrzeugmitBenzinmotor
FahrzeugmitDieselmotor
Erdgas-PKW Elektro-PKW
PtG-Fahrzeug ecoinvent(adaptiert)
Treibh
auspoten
zial(kgCO
2-eq
./km
)
Treibhauspotenzial GutschriftfürAbwärme Auspuffemissionen
Treibstoffbereitstellung Verteilung
Methanisierung CO2Produktion
H2Produktion FahrzeugundStrasse
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Outlook: Calculation tool
• Variableelectricitysource• H2 productionefficiency• CO2 source• Methanationprocess• Creditforwasteheat
• Workinprogress• Availableonrequest,maybe
online
SarahWettstein,RenéItten &MatthiasStuckiResearchGroupLifeCycleAssessmentZurichUniversityofAppliedSciencesInstituteofNaturalResourceSciencesGrüental,P.O.Box,CH-8820Wädenswil
Tel.:+41589345703E-Mail:[email protected]:www.zhaw.ch/iunr/lca/
Questions?
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References and data sources
• ecoinvent Centre. (2015). Ecoinvent Data v3.2, Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories. Zürich.
• Zah, R., Spielmann, M., & Ruiz, S. (2015). Analyse Der Umwelt-Hotspots von Strombasierten Treibstoffen - Finaler Bericht, (Journal Article), 1–68.
• Vehicle data with real consumption, compiled by Christian Bach, EMPA
• CO2 collecting data from atmosphere,Climeworks AG, Zurich
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