Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) - World...

Manila Water Company, Inc. Manila, Philippines

Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)

for

Manila Third Sewerage Project

Volume 2: EMP Summary

February 11, 2005 (Revised Draft)

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Administrator

E1073 v2

MTSP Environmental Management Plan February 10, 2005 MWCI/LBP, Manila, the Philippines Page 1

MTSP Environmental Management Plan

February 10, 2005

Contents 1 Introduction........................................................................................................................2

1.1 Scope and Objectives.................................................................................................2 1.2 project description......................................................................................................2

1.2.1 Background ........................................................................................................2 1.2.2 Project description .............................................................................................3

2 Environmental Mitigation/Enhancement Plan...................................................................6 2.1.1 General...............................................................................................................6 2.1.2 Summary of Main Findings ...............................................................................7

3 Environmental Monitoring Plan .................................................................................. 3-21 3.1 General................................................................................................................. 3-21 3.2 Internal Monitoring.............................................................................................. 3-21 3.3 External Monitoring............................................................................................. 3-21

4 Institutional Arrangements........................................................................................... 4-21 4.1 General................................................................................................................. 4-21 4.2 Reporting.............................................................................................................. 4-22 4.3 Implementation Capacity ..................................................................................... 4-22

List of Tables

Table 1 – MTSP Environmental Mitigation/Enhancement Plan (EMiP) ..................................8 Table 2 – MTSP Environmental Monitoring Plan...................................................................23

List of Annexes

Annex 1 Overview of the Eastern Concession Area Annex 2 MTSP Service Coverage Annex 3 Sampling points for the MTSP Components


1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES As an agent/contractor of the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS), the Manila Water Company, Inc. (MWCI) is given the responsibility of providing water and sewerage services in the East concession area. The East concession area is composed of parts of Quezon City and Manila, Marikina, Makati, Mandaluyong, Pasig, Pateros, Taguig and the Rizal Provinces (see Annex 1). In recognition of the growing need for sewerage and sanitation services and the water pollution attributed to untreated domestic wastewater, MWCI will implement the Manila Third Sewerage Project (MTSP). A follow-up to the Manila Second Sewerage Project (MSSP), MTSP has the objectives of reducing the water-borne pollution in Laguna Bay and Manila Bay, reducing the health hazards associated with human exposure to sewage, and piloting approaches for sewage management in Metro Manila. The MTSP includes projects for septage management and sewage management, as well as a technical assistance component. The implementation of the MTSP components will create impacts on the environment, which include both positive and negative impacts. In order to mitigate the likely negative impacts, an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) was devised, which outlines feasible and cost-effective measures for preventing or reducing significant negative impacts. The EMP complies with the environmental and social safeguard requirements and procedures of the Philippines, as described by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Administrative Order No. 2003-30 (DAO 2003-30), and with the relevant World Bank Safeguards Guidelines. The EMP comprises the following components:

- A Environmental Mitigation Plan (Chapter 2) - A Environmental Monitoring Plan (Chapter 3) - Organizational and Institutional arrangements (Chapter 4).

The EMP is distinguished between the pre-construction phase, construction phase, and operation/maintenance phase. Moreover, specific emphasis has been given to sludge and septage management, a core component of the MTSP. Accordingly, specific mitigation and monitoring measures have been elaborated in separate tables with the EMP. 1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1.2.1 Background Composed of 14 cities and 3 municipalities, Metro Manila is the center of commerce, science, technology and political governance in the Philippines. Over the years, the metropolis has experienced a high influx of rural migration and population growth causing a multitude of problems, including wastewater management and water pollution.


Recent statistics point to domestic wastewater as the main contributor (70%) to the pollution loading into the Pasig and Marikina Rivers, the two main rivers in the metropolis, and the Laguna Lake. Due to this pollution, there is insufficient oxygen within the waterways to support aquatic life. Fecal coliform levels exceed the standards of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) by several orders of magnitude most of the year. In terms of health impact, the 2003 Philippine Environment Monitor states that 31% of all illness in 2003 is water related, accounting to nearly 5 million of the reported illnesses. Moreover, it is estimated that 17 billion pesos is lost annually in the Philippine economy due to degradation of the marine environment. The national and local governments develop and implement programs to address these issues. However, bureaucracy and politics often make it difficult to successfully implement programs as they are conceived. 1.2.2 Project description The MTSP is estimated to cost US$ 86M and will benefit approximately 367,000 families in many cities in the East Zone (Annex 2). With an implementation period of 5 years from 2005 to 2010, MTSP will improve sewer coverage from less than 8% in 2004 to an estimated 30% by 2010 in the East Zone. The components of the MTSP were identified by MWCI in consideration of environmental and socio-economic impacts, technical constraints, and limits set by the Concession Agreement between MWSS and MWCI. Upon identification of the individual sub-project location by MWCI in coordination with the MWSS, a Feasibility Study (FS) was conducted to determine viability and optimize efficiency of the MTSP components in terms of costs, coverage and beneficial impacts. Component 1: Septage Management Septic tanks provide the most common form of sanitation throughout Metro Manila. Around 85% of the households in the metropolis were reported to have such tanks in the 2000 Government Census. It is currently estimated that there are 544,000 households using individual septic tanks (ISTs), which is roughly equivalent to a population of 2.5 million. The objective of this component is to collect and treat septage in the more westerly parts of the East Concession Zone, specifically those areas within the National Capital Region (NCR). Two (2) Septage Treatment Plants (SpTP) will be constructed: the North and South SpTP. The South SpTP will be located within the FTI mixed-use industrial complex in Taguig and will have a treatment capacity of 814 m3/day. The South SpTP will primarily serve the cities of Mandaluyong, Pasig, Makati, and Taguig. The North SpTP was initially proposed to be located in the vicinity of the Payatas Solid Waste Dump Site in Quezon City. However, due to difficulties in acquiring land, an alternative site was identified in Barangay Gitnang Bayan II in San Mateo, Rizal. The South SpTP in San Mateo will primarily serve the cities of Quezon, Marikina and San Juan and will have a capacity of 586 m3/day. Vacuum desludging tankers will also be procured under this component.


Component 2: Sewage Management The sub-components include:

• Taguig Sewerage System The DPWH, with the assistance of JICA, is undertaking the Major Flood Control Project-West of Manggahan Project, which involves the construction of a lakeshore dike and four (4) drainage/flood retention ponds. The drainage/flood retention ponds will catch the flows from the rivers of Hagonoy, Taguig, Labasan and Tapayan to mitigate the inundation caused by heavy rains and the overflowing of Laguna Lake to the municipalities of Taytay, Pateros, Taguig and the city of Pasig. These ponds will be used during the rainy season as balancing ponds for periods of high storm runoff. Upon completion in 2006, this system will be turned over by the DPWH to the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) for operation and maintenance. MWCI will construct off-line (off-site) primary wastewater treatment facilities in the vicinity of each of the ponds. The ponds will then be used for secondary treatment or polishing. Complete wastewater treatment sufficient to allow compliance to regulatory standards on effluent quality will be rendered by this component. This scheme will be implemented during the dry season when the ponds can be used to retain primary treated wastewater and effect secondary treatment. The operational arrangements for the use of the ponds for flood control and for sewerage will be discussed with and agreed upon by the MWSS/MWCI and MMDA. This sub-component will benefit a total area of around 2,400 ha. and an approximate population of 200,000. • Riverbanks Sewage Treatment Plants Once renowned for its pristine waters and aquatic resources, the Pasig River is now one of the world’s most polluted river system and is considered to be biologically dead. A move to restore Pasig River to Class C water quality is currently being undertaken by the Philippine government. This MTSP component was conceptualized to pilot a new approach for sewage management, which will abate pollution from discharge of untreated domestic wastewater to the Pasig River. Three (3) sewage treatment plants (STPs), to be located in and to cover portions of the cities of Pasig (Barangay Capitolyo), Mandaluyong (Barangay Ilaya) and Makati (Barangay Poblacion), will be constructed to serve around 32,000 people residing in the area of the catchments. Due to limitations on land, each STP will be constructed beneath existing local recreation areas currently occupied by basketball courts and sitting-out areas alongside the riverbank. • Sanitation for Low-income Communities This sub-component will involve the construction of two STPs serving the areas of Pinagsama, Taguig and East Bank, Taytay (along the Manggahan Floodway). The


STPs will discharge to the Pinagsama Creek and a local canal, respectively. These STPs will serve low-income communities with poor or non-existent sanitation facilities. The sub-component will include the upgrade of the existing drainage system and the construction of an interceptor sewer and pumping stations as required in each catchment. The population to be served by the STPs would be about 86,000. • Quezon City - Marikina Sewerage System This sub-component will include the construction of an underground STP in a municipal easement on the banks of the Marikina River. Construction of an interceptor sewer and pumping stations and upgrading of the existing drainage network will also be included. The service area will include some residential barangays and subdivisions in Quezon City and Marikina City. The STPs will discharge to the Marikina River. Population to be served is estimated at 36,000. • Quezon City Sanitation Upgrading : This sub-component will include the upgrading of about two existing communal septic tanks in Quezon City to modern STPs. The component will involve the construction of trunk sewers and pumping stations to neighboring catchments to increase the catchments served at each of these sites. The sub-component will include the rehabilitation, upgrading and limited replacement of existing separate sewerage network in these areas, and connection of other areas to existing STPs financed under MSSP. The STPs will discharge to local canals. Population to be served would be about 42,000.

Component 3: Technical Assistance This component will enhance the proposed project investments through support for consulting services during implementation, a public information campaign on the environmental benefits of sewerage and sanitation, and preparation of follow-on programs for sewage and sanitation improvements in the East Concession Area.


2 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION/ENHANCEMENT PLAN 2.1.1 General The mitigation/enhancement plans provide detailed activities aimed at eliminating, reducing or controlling the adverse environmental impacts of the proposed project. These plans consist of ecological, scientific or engineering options that the project proponent may consider as courses of action to take before, during, and after project implementation. The table below shows an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) applicable to the sewage and septage management components of MTSP. The EMP is based on and complementary to the following MTSP Environmental and Social Safeguard Documents, prepared by the MWCI:

- A Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), dated February 10, 2005. The EIS provides an extensive overview of baseline conditions, assessment of impacts, and includes the present Environmental Management Plan (EMP) detailing measures to mitigate and monitor the project. Special attention was given to sludge management and disposal (e.g. the lahar study, see below). The EIS includes a detailed Annex on the conducted consultations with all stakeholders for all project components and sites.

- A Regional Environmental Assessment (REA), dated February 10, 2005. Initially,

with the MWSS as the main borrower, responsible for wastewater management in the whole metro Manila region, it was agreed to prepare a Regional Environmental Assessment (REA) to strengthen overall wastewater management in the Metro Manila area. As a result of the change from MWSS to LBP as the borrower, the REA became a complimentary strategic document to the project, rather then a document describing formal strategic commitments of the borrower. The REA forms a principal background document for the preparation of a GEF funded Manila Bay Coastal Management Strategy, addressing regional pollution reduction in the Metro Manila area. The project is a joint initiative by principal Governmental agencies (e.g. DENR, MWSS/MWSI/MWCI, LLDA, LBP, PPRC).

- A “EA for Sludge/Septage-use as soil conditioner for Sugar Cane growth in lahar-

laden areas” (referred to as Lahar study), dated February 10, 2005 (2 Volumes). The special study was launched partly as a reply to experiences in the MSSP. The findings and recommendations of the report have been incorporated into the EIS and EMP for the MTSP.

- A “Biosolids Management Strategy” dated August 2004 prepared by consultants

hired by MWCI to assess the quantity and quality of all biosolids to be generated from MWCI’s current and future treatment plants, including the plants proposed under MTSP. The Report details management strategies to deal with the biosolids generation from short-term to long-term.

- A Environmental and Social Assessment Framework (ESAF), dated February 10,

2005. The ESAF describes the safeguard policies and procedures (environment assessment, resettlement, land acquisition) to be applied for future compliance work for all possible additional project activities.


2.1.2 Summary of Main Findings The MTSP will bring overall positive environmental impacts which include reduction of health risks from exposure to wastewater and polluted surface waters. Moreover, the further implementation of wastewater charges will strengthen the basis for a sustainable framework for the funding of environmental protection. All adverse environmental and social impacts can be mitigated and all environmental risks are within acceptable limits. Most of the adverse environmental impacts are regular construction impacts which can be properly mitigated. Furthermore, the Environmental and Social Framework (ESAF) provides for future guidance on unforeseen environmental and social impacts. The detailed MTSP environmental mitigation/enhancement matrix is given in Table 1. The principal issues and risks addressed in the EMP are:

- Land acquisition and Resettlement. Land will need to be acquired for the construction of two septage treatment plants in Taguig (1,000.m2) and San Mateo (1,500 M2), and a total of 12 households will have to be resettled (1 family in Road 5, Quezon City and 11 families in San Mateo). For all sites a RAP has been produced and compensation and relocation procedures will be applied as specified in the MTSP Resettlement Policy Framework.

- Disposal of Septage and sludge: Disposal of septage and sludge in lahar areas will

improve soil condition and bring positive benefits for the participating farmers. Disposal has been piloted in the area for a period of 12 months using 120 tons/ha of sludge, which has increased production of sugarcane by 28 %. No adverse impacts are foreseen through the application of proper selection criteria (based on US-EPA standards) for site selection for disposal sites and application procedures. However, considering the lack of long-term experience with sludge/septage disposal in the lahar areas, an extensive monitoring program has been defined in the EMP.

- Linkage with DPWH project: The MTSP is linked with an ongoing construction of 4

flood retention ponds by the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH). A JICA financed project, this project obtained DENR clearance in 1986. A “due diligence” assessment was conducted with respect to the applied social and environmental safeguards, in particular to the land acquisition process. The assessment shows that:

1) Families whose TCT or land title are issued on/or before 1975 were

compensated by DPWH in accordance with the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) zonal value

2) Informal settlers have opted for the monetary compensation package, rather than the allocated relocation area in Baras, Rizal.

3) Families with land titles issued after 1975 have filed legal cases which are still being litigated


Table 1 – MTSP Environmental Mitigation/Enhancement Plan (EMiP)

EMiP - Pre-construction Phase Components Potential Socio-Environmental

Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures Institutional

Responsibilities Cost Estimates (PhP)

Timing

All components

Construction activities delayed because required permits are not obtained

Obtain all the required permits, approvals and licenses prior to mobilizing any construction activities

Wastewater Project Delivery Team of MWCI (site managers)

P5000/site

Before any construction activity

All components

Use of land for sewage facilities may result to loss of shelter and/or livelihood. San Mateo: 11 families occupying 1.5 hectare land Road 5, Quezon City: 1 family

MWCI to negotiate and legally secure all property required (via instruments such as long term lease, sale agreement, usufruct agreement etc.), and prepare and implement a site-specific Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), in accordance with the company’s MTPS Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Project Development Section of the MWCI Wastewater Department

P18,000 per family relocated

Before World Bank Safeguard meeting

Taguig Improper application and/or implementation of international accepted safeguard standards.

Due diligence assessment on land acquisition procedures and practices.

MWCI, with support from the World Bank.

0 Before World Bank safeguard meeting.


EMiP - Construction Phase

Components Potential Environmental Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures Institutional

Responsibilities Cost Estimates

Timing

All components

Contamination of local soils and surface, ground or marine waters through spillage of contaminated materials, wastewater leakage, stockpile soils runoff or erosion and solid and water waste incurred in the construction.

Contaminated materials 1) Define what constitutes contaminated

material and inform work force. 2) Immediately notify Site Management of

spills that may contaminate soils. 3) Contain contaminated material until

removal in a way that prevents contamination of surrounding soils and waters.

4) Remove contaminated material from the Site and dispose of in an appropriate manner.

Wastewater leakage and solid and water waste 1) Immediate repair of the source of the

leakage 2) Proper disposal or re-use of the solid and

water waste incurred. Stockpile soils runoff 1) Ensure stockpiles of soil/sand are covered

or appropriate erosion control measures in place.

2) Utilization of stormwater drainage to settle out silts before stormwater exits the site


0 During construction


Components Potential Environmental Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibilities

Cost Estimates

Timing

All components

Noise pollution 1) Ensure appropriate silencers are used on all mechanical equipment.

2) Restrict the use of noisy equipment such as jack hammers or pile drivers to the local hours of commercial activity, and not on weekends where possible

3) Ensure that all equipment is well maintained to minimize noise generation

4) Install noise barriers as a final resort


As appropriate for the specific project site

At commencement of construction activities

All components

Traffic 1) Maximize construction activity during low traffic and low commerce periods.

2) Provide temporary restoration of the pavement or utilize plate covers as soon as possible after major activities, to allow quick use of the carriageway

3) Post signs in alternative routes where available

4) Advertise dates of disturbance of streets or throughfares in advance

5) Inform and coordinate with local officials and LGUs as appropriate

Wastewater Project Delivery Team of MWCI (site managers), LGUs or MMDA, as deemed appropriate

0 At commencement of construction activities

All components

Air pollution (Dust) 1) Minimize size of material stockpiles by proper site and material needs planning

2) Wet dusty stockpiles that are essential on-site

3) Wet all site access roads to minimize dust formation

4) Ensure that all loads are covered in trucks hauling materials, etc. to and from the site





Components Potential Environmental Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibilities

Cost Estimates

Timing

All components

Unnecessary damage to vegetation 1) Ensure that critical vegetation is identified and marked out and protected to prevent accidental damage

2) Any special trees that have to be removed should be boled out and replanted elsewhere in advance of infrastructure construction





EMiP - Operation and Maintenance Phase

Component Potential Environmental Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures Institutional

Responsibilities Cost Estimates

Timing

All components

Pollution of receiving waters due to incidents/emergencies resulting from lack of awareness of plant operators on appropriate procedures and environmental responsibilities.

All plant operators will be trained on the plant operations, environmental management program and site-based management plans prior to assignment and on a regular basis thereafter. To ensure that any incidents or emergencies are reported and acted upon within an acceptable timeframe, an emergency and incident logbook will be maintained. This log book will include: • details of any equipment malfunctions or shut-downs

that may affect the effluent quality or impact on the environment,

• details of occasions when an incident or emergency result in the release of contaminants not in accordance with the license, and

details of reporting including who the incident or emergency was reported to and the actions taken Maintain records of environmental monitoring and any environmental reports for a period of at least 5 years. Prepare and maintain a database containing all monitoring data and site issues, such as a complaints database.

PCO, Plant Manager (MWCI)

See Training Budget

Prior to commencement of site operations and throughout operations

All components

Excessive noise generation during operation

1) Ensure appropriate silencers are used on all mechanical equipment such as blowers.

2) Conduct regular maintenance on equipment to minimize noise generation

3) Install sound proof rooms around noise-generating equipment such as aeration blowers especially when complaints continue

Wastewater Project Delivery Team, PCO, Plant Manager (MWCI)


Throughout operations


Component Potential Environmental Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibilities

Cost Estimates

Timing

All components

Excessive odor emissions within the vicinity of the STP

1) Ensure that the treatment plant is being operated correctly, such as adequate aeration being provided.

2) Ensure that the site is clean of any sludge/septage spillage

3) Ensure that the treatment plant is not overloaded 4) If odor complaints continue, enclose the most

odorous parts of the plant such as the inlet works and sludge handling facilities.

5) If complaints are still being received, install a gas scrubbing system on the gases from the enclosed areas, such as activated carbon or compost beds.




All components

Pollution of receiving waters due to compliance failure of effluent quality

1) Set high plant performance targets 2) Maintain all equipment at the sewage treatment

plant in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications.




All components

Emission of odors, presence of flies, water pollution etc. at the plant due to improper management of septage/sludge

1) Sludge to be removed from the site as soon as practicable to the disposal areas

2) Access to any temporary septage/sludge stockpile area will be restricted, and appropriate fences and signs will be maintained to prevent public access.

3) Maintain stormwater diversion drains around the septage/sludge disposal area (and any sludge drying beds) to prevent runoff and contact with surface waters.




All components

Health impacts on site workers 1) Regular training of staff on the health risks of septage, sewage and any chemicals used on site, and the need for appropriate health protection

2) Provide better safety equipment as required, such as disinfectant dispensers in all washrooms, masks for chemical handling, etc.


P50,000 / site



Component Potential Environmental Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibilities

Cost Estimates

Timing

All components

Safety hazard to public Ensure that site is fully fenced and all access points are locked when site is not attended.




EMiP: Septage/Sludge Management Potential Socio- Environmental Impacts

Proposed Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibilities

Cost Estimates

Timing

Possible contamination of surface or ground waters, and direct and indirect health risks.

Select and manage the sites for septage/sludge disposal in accordance with the following specific criteria: 1) Unstabilized sludge/septage may not be applied in areas

frequented by the public, unless the sludge/septage was properly treated by lime stabilization.

2) Stabilized septage/sludge can be left on the surface of the soil, unless applied to soil without any vegetative cover in which case it must be incorporated into the soil within 8 hours of application.

3) Septage/sludge shall not be applied to land covered with rainwater runoff flows or inundated with floodwater at any time. At such times, the septage/sludge must either be stored at the STP/SPTP, applied to higher land elsewhere in the disposal area or stored at an identified area for later application.

4) Areas used for pasture may not be grazed for 30 days following application of any septage/sludge.

5) Vegetation or crops for animal feeding may not be harvested for 30 days following application of septage.

6) Vegetables and fruits which are consumed raw, or tobacco, shall not be grown on land to which unstabilized septage/sludge have been applied.

7) The application rate of septage/sludge shall be limited to the lesser of (a) 400 kilos of nitrogen to each hectare in

Wastewater Department of MWCI

0

Prior to application of any septage/ sludge and throughout operations


Potential Socio- Environmental Impacts


Cost Estimates

Timing

any 12 month period, or (b) the nitrogen agronomic uptake requirements of the crop.

8) Sludge/septage may not be land applied within (a) 50 meters of any Class A water body, (b) 10 meters for other classes of water, (c) 10 meters of any shallow non-potable water supply wells, and (d) 30 meters for any potable water supply well. No buffer is required around irrigation waters that are located entirely on the land application site.

9) At the time of septage/sludge application, a minimum of 600 millimeters of unsaturated soil above the ground water table must be present.

10) Unstabilized septage/sludge applied during rain events must be immediately incorporated into the soil, rather than waiting up to 8 hours.

11) The slope of the land application area may not be more than eight percent.

12) Land used for septage/sludge application may not contain any hole or channel (such as subsurface fractures, solution cavities, sink holes, or excavated core holes) which would allow the septage/sludge to contaminate the groundwater, unless the septage/sludge is not applied within a 30 meter distance from such geologic formations or features.

13) Septage/sludge may not be applied within 30 meters of any dwelling located outside the property boundary. A 10 meter buffer applies to any dwellings located within the individual landholding or within the property boundary or any drainage ditches.

14) Site selection must account for any archeological artifacts

Monitoring of Water Quality: 15) Select suitable existing water wells in the location of the

P100,000/yr




Cost Estimates

Timing

proposed disposal area that can be used for groundwater quality monitoring. Wells should be suitably sealed form surface water inflow or other sources of contamination. This applies to both the extensive agricultural lands and the lahar areas.

16) The wells must source their groundwater from the same hydrogeological formation as the groundwater under the proposed disposal area. Select one well located hydrogeologically upstream of the disposal area and two wells downstream of the main disposal areas.

17) If wells cannot be located that satisfy the hydrogeological, location and operational requirements, then purpose-built sampling wells must be installed. These should be equipped with a sealed collar and lockable caps to prevent tampering. They must be slotted to the same depth as the groundwater resource most likely to be used locally as a water supply resource either now or in the future.

No disposal area for inappropriate periods of the cropping cycle

Septage/sludge shall only be applied during the fallow or planting seasons when the septage/sludge can be incorporated into the soil within 8 hours, if unstabilized. Septage/sludge will have to applied to lahar soils without crops or stored in an appropriate stockpile area. - The stockpile area/s must be protected against the entry

of stormwater runoff by constructing bunds around upslope perimeter of the stockpile area.

- The area must not be flood-prone - The area must have all weather access roads - The site should have a separate stockpiling for small

quantity of stabilized sludge. This stabilized sludge/septage shall be applied as a temporary cover material to the main stockpile which will contain a mixture of stabilized and unstabilized septage/sludge. This stabilized layer will limit odor emissions and also

Hauling contractors, Wastewater Department of MWCI

P50,000/yr Prior to application of any septage/sludge and throughout operations




Cost Estimates

Timing

pathogen washoff and erosion. - If the stockpile is going to be remain in place for more

than 30 days, it should be covered with a 300 millimeter thick layer of soil to limit water infiltration, odor migration and also rodent access.

- Areas with existing vegetative cover are preferred as this reduces the likelihood of runoff and provides an uptake pathway for the nitrogen and other nutrients

Health risks for workers involved in septage/sludge handling, transport, and disposal

1) Undertake proper training and education of truck drivers, operators of applicator equipment and other personnel involved in septage/sludge handling, transport and disposal on the potential health issues

2) Use of suitable PPE, such as gloves, coveralls and masks



Health risks for farm workers Undertake proper training and education on the potential health issues

Local farmers/landholders, Hauling contractors, Wastewater Department of MWCI


Complaints from surrounding residents due to lack of awareness on the proposed activities, possible health impacts, dust and other inconveniences.

1) Preference to be given to remote locations 2) Preference to be given to disposal sites closest to major

and/or sealed roads to minimize haulage disturbances, such as dust and noise, to rural communities located along haulage routes

3) Provide public notices to inform/update residents of the period of septage/sludge disposal, and the management procedures and interventions proposed.

Local farmers/landholders, Hauling contractors, Wastewater Department of MWCI

P50,000/yr

Prior to application of any septage/sludge and throughout operations

Spillage of septage/sludge in the event of vehicle accidents

1) As much as possible, haul only dewatered or dried septage/sludge

2) Implement a scheme of contacting and then diverting empty return vehicles to collect and re-haul any spillages resulting from a vehicle accident. For wet spillage on roads, implement methods to absorb spilled material like use of saw dust. Make this a part of the private hauling company’s contract.


0 Prior to application of any septage/sludge and throughout operations

Excess septage/sludge stockpiles awaiting disposal

1) Review and update the site allocation program for the septage/sludge applications

Wastewater Department of MWCI, Landholders/farmers,

0 Prior to application of any septage/sludge




Cost Estimates

Timing

2) Focus on maximizing applications to the extensive agricultural areas such as the sugar cane farms in fallow periods and/or during the planting season

3) Prepare the receiving area in the lahar areas (for use during the sugar cane growing season or protracted wet weather )well ahead of the cessation of the planting season

Hauling contractors and throughout operations

Septage/sludge application resulting in surface or ground water pollution or soil contamination as determined by the monitoring program

1) Keep comprehensive records of septage/sludge application details and data such as:

- Location of application, including the area involved - Date of application - Amount applied - Source of septage/sludge - Crop status/part of planting cycle at time of

application - Time of incorporation into the soil - Weather at time of application

2) Maintain records of environmental monitoring and any environmental reports for a period of at least 5 years.

3) Prepare and maintain a database of monitoring data results.

4) Increase the intensity and extent of monitoring to confirm the apparent elevation of results

5) Delineate the size of the area with contaminated surface/ground water or soil

6) Review septage/sludge application rates 7) Accelerate the covering of septage/sludge with soil 8) Use flatter areas for septage/sludge application 9) Increase the testing required on the septage/sludge for

the pollutants exceeding the adopted water quality criteria. For example, if the pollutant of concern is lead, then increase the lead testing frequency to better determine the lead source and manage the pollutant at source.

10) Incorporate runoff collection impoundments below the

Wastewater Department of MWCI, Hauling contractors

Contingency only

Prior to application of any septage/sludge and throughout operations As necessary




Cost Estimates

Timing

application areas to trap any septage/sludge in the runoff 11) Increase the separation distance requirements between

application areas and surface water systems Septage/sludge applications resulting in crop contamination as determined by the monitoring program

1) Increase the intensity and extent of monitoring to confirm the apparent increase in results

2) Delineate the size of the area with contaminated crops 3) Review the sludge application rates for the crop, and

decrease as appropriate based on the monitoring program results and parameters of concern.

4) Determine if the pollutant can be isolated, removed or reduced in the septage/sludge

5) Determine the source of the contaminated septage/sludge and only apply to the fallow lahar areas until the contaminants can be reduced to suitable levels

Wastewater Department of MWCI, Hauling contractors, Landholders/farmers

Contingency only

As necessary

Excessive odor migrating offsite 1) Increase the depth of incorporation of the septage/sludge into the soil profile

2) Incorporate the septage/sludge into the soil more quickly

Wastewater Department of MWCI, Hauling contractors, landholders/farmers

0 As necessary

Negative impact on community health

1) Determine the nature of the health impact 2) Conduct a qualitative epidemiological study to determine

if the septage/sludge application is the actual source of the morbidity

3) Determine the exposure pathway involved and apply appropriate interventions to intercept this pathway

4) Ensure that public access is being limited as required 5) Consider only using stabilized septage/sludge in this

area


Contingency only

As necessary

Negative health impacts on site workers

1) Determine the nature of the health impact 2) Conduct a qualitative epidemiological study to determine

if the septage/sludge application is the actual source of the morbidity

3) Determine the exposure pathway involved and apply appropriate interventions to intercept this pathway

4) Improve training for staff to better understand the health risks of septage/sludge, and the need for appropriate health protection


Contingency only

As necessary




Cost Estimates

Timing

5) Provide better safety equipment as required, such as PPE upgrades

6) Consider only using stabilized septage/sludge in this area

Excessive vermin reported 1) Increase the depth of incorporation into the soil profile 2) Incorporate the septage/sludge into the soil more quickly 3) Only apply the stabilized sludge in the area if vermin

complaints continue


Contingency only

As necessary

Damage to truck access/exit roads

1) Cooperate with local government on road maintenance program

2) Seek alternative access roads designed to handle loaded trucks

3) Seek alternate disposal areas if alternate access roads cannot be located

4) Reduce vehicle weight as a last resort

MWCI Contingency only

As necessary

MTSP Environmental Management Plan February 10, 2005 MWCI/LBP, Manila, the Philippines Page 4-21

3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN 3.1 GENERAL An integral part of environmental protection is the continuous monitoring of the conditions of the receiving environment to determine if any undesirable changes are occurring as a result of the project. Since the effects on living receptors are received mainly through the surface water, air, and surrounding soil, environmental monitoring principally requires quantitative measurements of the amount of pollutants present in these environmental media. This Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP) details the environmental monitoring to be

done for the MTSP Project Components (

Table 2). 3.2 INTERNAL MONITORING To ensure that the proper implementation of the EMiP and EMoP is being observed during the pre-construction, construction and operation of each project, MWC’s site managers, wastewater project development team, plant managers and Pollution Control Officer (PCO) of each site will be responsible for the implementation. 3.3 EXTERNAL MONITORING An external auditor will be hired to serve as a third party monitoring unit during the project implementation. The auditor will check MWCI’s compliance with the EMiP and EMoP. During the operations of the treatment plants, monitoring agencies such as the MWSS-Regulatory Office, DENR, and LLDA will monitor the effluent quality in terms of compliance with DENR standards. 4 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS 4.1 GENERAL The Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) to be issued by the DENR is under the name of MWCI. As such, compliance with all the ECC guidelines and conditions, including compliance with the EMP and EMoP shall be the responsibility of MWCI. All reports to be submitted to the DENR related to MTSP shall be prepared and directly forwarded by MWCI to DENR. The Land Bank of the Philippines (LBP), as the borrower of the loan from the World Bank, shall be responsible for monitoring the compliance of MWCI with environmental reports and requirements of DENR and World Bank. LBP will have an environmental unit responsible for monitoring the compliance of MWCI with the reportorial requirements under the EMiP and EMoP.

MTSP Environmental Management Plan February 10, 2005 MWCI/LBP, Manila, the Philippines Page 4-22

4.2 REPORTING Reports to be submitted in relation to the MTSP components include:

a. Pollution Control Officer’s Report – contains details on maintenance activities, results of all analyses, average flow, power consumption, water consumption, generator usage. The PCO Report is to be submitted to the DENR or the LLDA.

b. Report to the MWSS-Regulatory Office – monthly report from the MWCI

Central Laboratory on water and wastewater quality analyses based on all parameters

c. Quarterly compliance report to the ECC to be submitted to the DENR-EMB and

the World Bank As part of the monitoring/impact assessment to be done at the end of the project, the proponents will evaluate the effectiveness and implementation of the EMP. The evaluation will be attached to the final report on the project and lessons learned will be incorporated into the EA process for future projects, as appropriate. 4.3 IMPLEMENTATION CAPACITY The MWCI and the LBP have sufficient capacity to implement and monitor the safeguard framework, and no specific strengthening of LBPs capacity is considered necessary at this time. However, as the MTSP is part of the overall strategic plan to improve sewerage and sanitation in Metro Manila, additional support for the main stakeholders (e.g. DENR/PEMSEA, MWSS/MWCI/MWSI, LLDA, PPRC) to continue developing and applying appropriate planning tools (such as the REA) is recommended. The REA forms a principal background document for the preparation of a GEF funded Manila Bay Coastal Management Strategy, addressing regional pollution reduction in the Metro Manila area. The project is a joint initiative by principal Governmental agencies (e.g. DENR, MWSS/MWSI/MWCI, LLDA, LBP, PPRC).


Table 2 – MTSP Environmental Monitoring Plan

EMoP - Construction Phase

Component Parameters to be Monitored

Location Measurements (1) Frequency Responsibility Cost Estimates

All project sites

Turbidity of stormwater runoff

Downstream of all construction sites

Visual only Every major rain event Wastewater Project Delivery Team of MWCI (site managers)

0

All project sites

Suspended Solids in stormwater runoff

Downstream of all construction sites

Filtration in DAO 34/35 Every major rain event, but only if the visual monitoring for turbidity consistently indicates that excessive suspended solids are washed off from the site, or if complaints continue after implementing all the actions listed in the EMP


P1,500 / site per event

All project sites

Noise Site boundaries adjacent to complainant’s house, etc.

dB(A), C scale, Slow response

At times of main noise emission, but only if complaints continue after implementing all the actions listed in the EMP



All project sites

Dust (TSP) Site boundaries adjacent to complainant’s house, etc.

DENR Specification At times of main noise emission, but only if complaints continue after implementing all the actions listed in the EMP



Taguig ponds system San Mateo SpTP and Rd. 5 STP

Proper compensation and resettlement procedures applied

Records of payment (Accounting and administration) Consultations with land owns and affected people.

Regular weekly checks Wastewater Project Delivery Team of MWCI (site managers)

0


Component Parameters to be Monitored

Location Measurements (1) Frequency Responsibility Cost Estimates

All project sites

Local employment (DENR Guidelines)

Administration. Records of contracts with local contract staff (both MWCI and sub-contractors)

Regular weekly checks. Wastewater Project Delivery Team of MWCI (site managers)

0


EMoP - Operation Phase

Component Parameters to be

Monitored Location Measurements /

Methodology (1) Frequency Responsibility Cost

Estimates All project sites

DO, pH, temperature, Free Chlorine

Effluent stream DAO 34/35 Monthly Pollution Control Officer (PCO) of MWCI


All project sites

BOD, SS, Total and Faecal coliforms, O&G

Effluent stream DAO 34/35 Monthly Pollution Control Officer (PCO) of MWCI


All project sites

Heavy Metals Scan

Effluent stream DAO 34/35 Quarterly, but if elevated levels are detected then more frequent tests will be required.

Pollution Control Officer (PCO) of MWCI


All project sites

Heavy Metals Scan

Septage/Sludge stream

DAO 34/35 Semi-annual Pollution Control Officer (PCO) of MWCI


All project sites

Total N, Total P and K

Septage/Sludge stream

DAO 34/35 Quarterly Pollution Control Officer (PCO) of MWCI


SPTP sites Faecal Coliforms Septage, post lime stabilisation

Standard Methods Quarterly Pollution Control Officer (PCO) of MWCI


All project sites

Local employment (DENR Guidelines)

Administration Records of contracts with local contract staff (both MWCI and sub-contractors)

Regular site visits. Wastewater Project Delivery Team of MWCI (site managers)

0


EMoP - Septage/Sludge Management

Location Parameters to be Monitored Measurements (1) Frequency Responsibility

(2) Cost Estimates

Downstream of selected disposal and stockpile sites

Turbidity of stormwater runoff Visual only Every major rain event Wastewater Department of MWCI

0

Downstream of selected disposal and stockpile sites

Suspended Solids in stormwater runoff

Filtration Every major rain event, but only if the visual monitoring for turbidity consistently indicates that excessive suspended solids are washed off from the site, or if complaints continue after implementing all the actions listed in the EMP




Location Parameters to be Monitored Measurements (1) Frequency Responsibility (2)

Cost Estimates

Soil at selected disposal and control sites

Analyze two samples from each soil profile type: one within the septage/sludge disposal areas and a control site remote from the disposal area for the following parameters: • Textural analysis • PH • Sodium Adsorption Ratio (1:5

soil/water mix) • Calcium/Magnesium Ratio (1:5

soil/water mix) • Exchangeable Cations • Total Cations • Specific Conductance or electrical

conductivity • Total Manganese • Total Nitrogen • Phosphorus (extractable) • Potassium (available) • Potassium (extractable) • Total Calcium (exchangeable) • Total Chloride • Total Magnesium (exchangeable) • Total Sodium (exchangeable) • Heavy Metals scan

Standard soil scientific methods acceptable to the Department of Agriculture

Annual, but starting at least one year after the first septage/sludge application


P50,000/site/yr

Crops at selected disposal and control sites

Analyse two plant tissues: one within the septage/sludge disposal areas and a control site remote from the disposal area for presence of pathogens

Standard agronomic methods acceptable to the Department of Agriculture and DENR

Annual, but starting at least one year after the first septage/sludge application


P7,500 / site/yr



Cost Estimates

Groundwater from upstream and downstream of selected disposal and stockpile sites

1) Select two sampling wells downstream of the disposal and/or stockpile areas in each soil profile

2) Select one sampling wells upstream of the disposal and/or stockpile areas to act as a control

Test samples for the following water quality characteristics: • Total nitrogen (as N) • Nitrate nitrogen (as N) • Nitrite nitrogen (as N) • Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (as N) • Ammonia nitrogen (as N) • Total phosphorus (as P) • Chloride • Electrical conductivity or total

dissolved solids • PH • Total coliforms (cfu) • Faecal coliforms • Heavy Metals

DAO 34/35 Quarterly, but if elevated levels are detected then more frequent tests will be required. Sampling frequency will be adjusted based on monitoring results.





Cost Estimates

Surface water from upstream and downstream of selected disposal and stockpile sites

Select one sampling location downstream of the disposal and/or stockpile areas in each soil profile Select one sampling location upstream of the disposal and/or stockpile areas to act as a control Test samples for the ff. water quality characteristics: - Total nitrogen (as N) - Nitrate nitrogen (as N) - Nitrite nitrogen (as N) - Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (as

N) - Ammonia nitrogen (as N) - Total phosphorus (as P) - Chloride - Electrical conductivity or

total dissolved solids - PH - BOD - SS - DO - Total coliforms (cfu) - Faecal coliforms - Heavy Metals

DAO 34/35 Quarterly, but if elevated levels are detected then more frequent tests will be required. Sampling frequency will be adjusted based on monitoring results



(1) The methodology for testing is per the relevant specifications listed/described in the DENR Administrative Orders 34/35. If the relevant methodology is not specified therein, then the relevant methodology from the latest revision of “Standard methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater” by the USA Water Environment Federation will be adopted. The attached Annex 3 shows the identified sampling points for the MTSP Components.

ANNEX 3 - Soil Sampling Stations

Septage/Sludge Application in Identified Lahar-Affected Areas in Pampanga and Tarlac Provinces

LStn:01

Annex 3 - Monitoring Sampling Points for Water, Air, and Noise

Septage/Sludge Application in Identified Lahar-Affected Areas in Pampanga and Tarlac Provinces

LStn:01

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