Environmental impact of Biomass with Carbon Capture and … · 2017-04-25 · Wider environmental...
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Environmental impact of Biomass with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) Systems Prof Patricia Thornley UKCCSRC London 12 April 2017
Transcript of Environmental impact of Biomass with Carbon Capture and … · 2017-04-25 · Wider environmental...
Environmental impact of Biomass with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) Systems
Prof Patricia Thornley
UKCCSRC
London 12 April 2017
Contents
• Introduction to SUPERGEN Bioenergy Hub
• BECCS GHG balances
• Critical parameters
• Resource availability
• Wider environmental issues
• Wider sustainability issues
• Governance and frameworks
Introduction: SUPERGEN Bioenergy Hub
To bring together industry, academia and other stakeholders to focus on the research and knowledge challenges associated with the chief objective of increasing the contribution of UK bioenergy to meet strategic environmental and energy security targets in a coherent, sustainable and cost-effective manner.
Supergen Bioenergy Hub Overview
Impact on complementary bodies
Impact outside the Hub
Industry
Europe
Government
Impact on the Hub
ERAESC
Improve
Training
- SHARE
Integrate
partners
Integrate
science &
engineering
Improve
cooperationStatutory
bodies
Rest of
World
RCUK InnovateUK
WP5:
System
Modelling
WP3:
Conversion
engineering
WP2: Pre-
processing
technologies
WP4:
Energy
Vectors
ETI
Society
REACCCProfessional
bodies
WP1:
Biomass
& Waste
CORE MANAGEMENT GROUP
IMPACT
Supergen Bioenergy Hub 2017-18 Focus
To extend our existing knowledge of biomass thermochemical conversion to more challenging feedstocks to widen the available UK biomass supply.Growth of energy crops on contaminated land and their utilization in different conversion technologies to deliver diverse energy vectors
BECCS GHG Balances
• Modelling different BECCS with process simulation software (ASPEN)
• Life cycle (Sima-Pro) and techno economic assessment of BECCS value chains in the UK
• Key parameters: efficiency, parasitic load, capture rate, significant sources of embodied carbon
Process flow diagram of coal/biomass oxy fuel combustion
Process flow diagram of coal/biomass enrich aircombustion
Net CO2 emissions for oxy-fuel cofiring
Effect of capture rate on GHG savings for the oxyfuelcombustion
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
85 87 90 92 95 99
CO
2eq
.(kg
/MW
h)
Capture rate (%)
15wt%
30wt%
60wt%
BECCS GHG Balances
• Reducing CO2 emissions at the expense of energy consumption
• Scale matters
• Feedstock specification/losses mater
• Feedstock origin less important
• Attributional and consequential LCA distinctions
Resource availability limited by land and material resource availability ...
Welfle A., Gilbert P., Thornley P., Increasing biomass resource availability through supply chain analysis , Biomass and Bioenergy, 2014
Slide 14
Welfle A., Gilbert P., Thornley P., Securing a bioenergy future without imports, Energy Policy, vol 68, 2014
44% of UK primary energy demand
possible
Wider environmental issues
Comparing 1 kg 'soybiodiesel, Argentina' with 1 kg 'Diesel, at regional storage/RER U'; Method: CML 2 baseline 2000 V2.04 / World, 1990 / characterisation
soybiodiesel, Argentina Diesel, at regional storage/RER U
Abioticdepletion
Acidification Eutrophication Global warming(GWP100)
Ozone layerdepletion (OD
Human toxicity Fresh wateraquatic ecoto
Marine aquaticecotoxicity
Terrestrialecotoxicity
Photochemicaloxidation
%
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
-110
1 Gilbert et al., ““The influence of organic and inorganic fertiliser application rates on UK biomass crop sustainability”, Biomass and Bioenergy 35 (2011), 1170-1181,
Significance of land-use and importance of system scope
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Social justice
Environmental protection
Economic growth
Wider sustainability perspective
Ecological
Economic
Social
Pesticide use
Impact on crop rotations
Water demand vs local availability
Genetic modificationRegional biodiversity
Plantation biodiversityl
Greenhouse gas savings
Fertilizer use
Soil chemical changes Soil physical changes
Use of fire for land clearance
Accidental fire risk from feedstock productionWaste
arisings
Surface and ground water pollutionAir borne
pollution
Contribution to national GDP via tax
Inappropriate handling of complaints
Minimum standards for treatment of workers and protection of rights
Appropriate training of workers
Legal non-complianceCommunity benefits
Cost of delivered energy product
Conflict with local food production
Social & environmental assessment of new plantations
Legal system transparent & acknowledgedUse of inappropriately
obtained land
Appropriate community consultation
Visual/landscape impact of crop
Impact on global food prices
Energy delivered per unit of land used
Minimum grade of land required
Wider impacts of land use change
Contribution to energy security
Technology risk –potential for failure
Contribution to national economy via employment and manufacturing
Capital investment per unit of capacity
Examples of impact categories
Thornley & Gilbert, “Biofuels: Balancing risks and rewards”, Interface Focus, 2013
Trade-offs involved when particular feedstock/conversion routes chosen
Challenges for BECCS
• Demonstrating feasibility!
• Procuring sustainable feedstock (widening the envelope)
• Assessing an appropriate system scope
• Developing a framework that incentivizes minimum GHG emissions
• Governance and scale
More information
www.supergen-bioenergy.net
