Environmental Impact Assessment system in Korea · Korea Environment Institute (KEI) National...
Transcript of Environmental Impact Assessment system in Korea · Korea Environment Institute (KEI) National...
Environmental Impact Assessment system in Korea
GenevaApril. 24 , 2012
Nankyoung Moony g
Korea Environment InstituteKorea Environment Institute
SOUTH KOREA
Area: 100,000km2
Population: 48 millions
Mountain area: 70%
Peninsular
Temperate oneTemperate zone
High public interests inHigh public interests in environmental protection
Capital area
20km
Korea Environment Institute (KEI)
National Environmental Research Institute National Environmental Research Institute under the Office of Prime Ministerunder the Office of Prime Minister
Contribution to the prevention and
under the Office of Prime Ministerunder the Office of Prime Minister
presolution of environmental problems “through research and development of
d i t l li i ”Knowledge
Sharingd
advances environmental policies”,and
“professional review of environmentalEnvironmentaland
Management Improvement
professional review of environmental impact statement”
PolicyResearch
Climate Change Research
Environmental Assessment
Introduction Period (1977 ∼ 1981)
EIA started from late 70s
Environment 1st Amendment 2nd Amendment
EIA started from late 70s
Preservation Act1977
1st Amendment1979
2nd Amendment1981
3 projects 6 projects 10 projects
MOSHA Office of Environment
Implementation Period (1982 ∼ 1992)
1982 Introduction of professional EIA agency systemlicensed by Office of Environment(currently about 200 agencies)
1986 Extension of project types (including private projects)Office of Environment Environmental Agency
(currently about 200 agencies)
1990
Office of Environment → Environmental Agency
Basic Environmental Policy Act35 unit projects / 11 area → 47 unit projects / 15 areaPublic participation involved
Enhancement Period (1993 ∼ )
1993 Environmental Impact Assessment Act as independent law (est detailed procedures)
1997
as independent law (est. detailed procedures)
Amendment of EIA act KEI : Official review organization for EISEnvironmental Agency → Ministry of Environment
1999 Amendment of Basic Environmental Policy ActIntroduction of SEA for administrative policiescalled Preliminary Environmental Review System (PERS)
2009 A d t f EIA t2009 Amendment of EIA act76 unit projects / 17 areaIntroduction of scoping process, simplified EIA
d h )and greenhouse gas)
Projects subject to EIA (positive list)Projects subject to EIA (positive list)
Urban Development (12) Development of Athletic Facilities (5)
Development of Industrial Complexes (7)
Construction of Railroads (including subway) (4)
( )
Development of Mountain areas (3)Complexes (7)
Development of Energy (7)
Construction of Airports (1)
areas (3)
Development of Designated Regions (8)
Construction of Harbors (4)
Utilization and Development of Rivers (1)
Regions (8)
Installation of Waste disposal Facilities (2)
Construction of Roads (1)
Reclamation Works (2)
disposal Facilities (2)
Construction of Military Facilities (3)
Development of Water Resources (2)
Development of Resort & Recreation areas (6)
Facilities (3)
Excavation Work and mining activities (7)Resources (2) mining activities (7)
Items to be assessed (21 items)Categories Atmospheric Water Land
Items
- Meteorology- Air quality- Odor
- Water quality- Marine
environment
- Land use- Soil
T h &- Greenhouse
gas- Hydraulics &
Hydrology
- Topography & Geology
Categories Natural Ambient Socioeconomic- Waste
N i & Vib ti
Items- Flora & Fauna- Environmental
- Noise & Vibration- Landscape- Sanitation &
- Population- ResidenceItems - Environmental
property Health- Electromagnetic
wave
Residence- Local industry
- Shading
Procedure
Project developerProject developerPreparation of draft EISPreparation of draft EIS qualified EIA agent
authorized by MOE
Public ParticipationPublic Participation
y
S b i i f EISS b i i f EIS
Project developerProject developerPreparation of EISPreparation of EIS
Project developer → Approval agencyProject developer → Approval agencySubmission of EISSubmission of EIS
C lt ti f EISC lt ti f EISApproval agency → MOEApproval agency → MOE
Consultation of EISConsultation of EISReview of EIS by KEI
ApprovalApproval agency agency → → ProjectProject developerdeveloperFinal DecisionFinal Decision
Approval agency & MOEApproval agency & MOE
MonitoringMonitoring
Role of concerned parties
Submission of EIS Consultation of EIS Review of EIS
Project Project developerdeveloper
ApprovalApprovalAgencyAgency
MOEMOE KEIKEI
Decision Making with ConsultationConsultation Results
Effectiveness of EIA
largely promoted by EIA since the mid 1990s
Trend of the portion of park and green areaTrend of the portion of park and green area
YearsNumber of housing
complex park & green area (%)
Area of park & green area per capita (m2)p
development (%) area per capita (m2)
1980s 79 6.1 4.3
1990s 42 12 6 4 81990s 42 12.6 4.8
2000s 23 17.1 9.6
Environment in Northeast Asia
Northeast Asian region :
The eco regions of Northeast Asia have been
- China, DPRK, Japan, Mongolia, ROK and Russia
The eco-regions of Northeast Asia have been experienced significant deterioration of environmental conditions and thus transboundary threats along with rapid economic growth over the past two decadesrapid economic growth over the past two decades.
Significant portions of these problems have beenSignificant portions of these problems have been driven by development projects that either are mismanaged or have transboundary effects, or both.
One crucial solution is the initiation of a TEIA mechanism in the region.
Northeast Asian region
Regional Transboundary EIA System
To date, no such mechanism or otherdi ti f k i t f TEIA i NEAcoordination framework exists for TEIA in NEA
History: transboundary EIA/SEA system in Northeast AsiaNortheast Asia
TumenNET SAP(2002) : emphasized the initiation ( ) pof a transboundary EIA/SEA mechanism to protect biological and water resources in five member
t i f th T NET (b d )countries of the TumenNET (border areas)Based upon MOU on ‘Environmental Principles Governing the Tumen River Economic Development Area and NE Asia’(1995) Need Joint efforts to formulate environmental mitigation and management plan for the region, especially for border areasespecially for border areas
BUT very slow progress so farBUT very slow progress so far
Effort: Transboundary EIA Training ProgramProgram
Initially launched as a follow-up to the TumenNET SAPObj tiObjectives
to promote participants’ understanding of EIA system and on-going developments in participating countriesg g p p p gto provide a forum for an inter-agency and cross-cultural exchange of ideas concerning EIA in a transboundary contextcontextto develop regional Transboundary EIA guidelines and promote standardization of EIA for development projects in the transboundary areas
Organizers gMinistry of Environment, ROKKorea Environment Institute (KEI), ROK
HistoryYear Place Participants Co-organizer & invited
speakersSeoul Russia(6) China(6) UNEP2004 SeoulKorea
Russia(6), China(6), Mongolia(6)
UNEP(invited)
2005 BeijingChina
Russia(4), China(9), Mongolia(6), DPRK(6) SEPA, ACEEChina g ( ), ( )
2006 VladivostokRussia
Russia(15), China(5), Mongolia(6), ROK(5)
MNR RFFELD FSS
Ulaanbaatar R i (3) Chi (4)2007 UlaanbaatarMongolia
Russia(3), China(4), Mongolia(27) MNE, MAIA
2008 GwacheonKorea
China(5), Mongolia(5), Korea(40)
Espoo, GTI, UNESCAP(invited)Korea Korea(40) (invited)
2009 JejuKorea
Russia(6), China(4), Mongolia(3)
Espoo, GTI(Invited)
I h2010 IncheonKorea
Russia(3), Mongolia(6), Japan(2), ROK(10)
Espoo, GTI, Tokyo U., Hokkaido U. (Invited)
2011 VladivostokRussia
Russia(20), Mongolia(3), ROK(5) FEFURussia ROK(5)
2012 SeoulKorea
UNEP, Europe, East Asia(tbc) Espoo
Major assignments for implementing the transboundary EIA/SEA system in NE ASIA: y y
To standardize contents to enable the creation and adoption of regional EIA/SEAcreation and adoption of regional EIA/SEA (Not done)
To develop algorithms for exchanging/comparing information fromexchanging/comparing information from national EIA/SEA (In progress)
To determine the baselines of national capacities to conduct EIA/SEA (In progress)( g )
To formulate permanent transboundary EIA/SEA mechanisms (Not done)
Next plan?
In order to introduce the Transboundary EIA system in NE Asia, we need to make timesystem in NE Asia, we need to make time and effort for making each country to fully understand the need for TEIA.understand the need for TEIA.
Think aboutThink aboutThink aboutThink aboutLif dLif dLife andLife and
the Environmentthe Environment