Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA ... - The World Bank€¦ · Web viewNew water supply...

REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN

AZERBAIJAN AMELIORATION AND WATER FARM JOINT STOCK COMPANY

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENTFOR WATER SUPPLY AND WASTEWATER SYSTEM INVESTMENTS FOR 4 RAYONS

(AGSU, ISMAYILLI, SIYAZAN AND SHABRAN)WITHIN SECOND NATIONAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROJECT

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

SIYAZAN RAYON

EPTISA Servicios de Ingenieria, S.LHydrometeorology Consulting Company

Baku-November 2010

1

E1781 V6

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABREVIATIONS ...............................................................................................................................4

SUMMARY… ……………………………………………………..…….…..……………………………….5

1.0 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………..……………………….241.1 Context of the EIA ……………………………………….…................................................241.2 Purpose of the EIA ……………………………………….....................................................261.3 Methodology ………………………………………………………………………………..27

2.0 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK……………………………………282.1 Policy Framework ……………………………………….…………………………..……..282.2 Legal Framework …………………………………………...................................................322.3 Administrative Framework …………………………………………………………………34

3.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ……………………………………………………………………........373.1 Problem Statement………………………………………..…………………………………373.2 Project Identification ………………..…………………..…………………………………..433.3 Map of project area and the location of project infrastructure to be included……………………..…………………………………………………………54

3.4 Legal and Institutional Strengthening………………………………......................................57

4.0 BASELINE DATA ……………………………………….……….………………………………...594.1 Bio-Physical Description of Project Area ……………………………………………….....594.2 Socio-Economic Description of the Project Area ………….................................................664.3 Projected Changes In Project Area…………………………………………………………704.4 Data Reliability ……………………………………………………………………….........70

5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ………………………..…………………………….....................715.1 Environmental Issues…………………………………………………………………..........715.2 Potential Positive Project Impacts …………………………………………………….........725.3 Potential Negative Project Impacts and Mitigation Measures ……………………………...735.4 Data Evaluation ……………………………………………………………………………..84

6.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ……………………………………………………………......856.1 No Project Scenario ……………………………………….................................................856.2 Water Supply System improvement only …………………................................................866.3 Water Supply and Waste Water Management System improvement ……………………..88

7.0 PUBLIC CONSULTATION……………………………………………………………………….91

8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN …………………………………………………...1008.1 Application of Mitigation Measures ………………………………………………………1088.2 Monitoring ………………………………………………………………………………...1158.3 Capacity assessment for the Environmental Management of the Project ……………......120 List of references……………………………………………………….………………....120

ANNEXES…………………………………………………………………………………………………..121

2

ANNEX I. Project Area in Siyazan region

ANNEX II. Proposed WS option

Annex III. Proposed Sewage System option

ANNEX IV. Proposed alternative Sewage System option

ANNEX V. Proposed water distribution system

ANNEX VI. Drinking water quality requirementa and standards

ANNEX VII. Water quality analysis results of Siyazan

ANNEX VIII . Characteristics of surface water intended for the abstraction of drinking water

ANNEX IX Treated waste water and sludge requirements

ANNEX X. Summary report of consultation meetings with key stakeholders

ANNEX XI. Public meeting on discussion of EİA report for Siyazan

3

ACRONYMS and ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development BankAZERSU Azersu Joint Stock CompanyAZN AZN Azeri New ManatsAWFC Azerbaijan Amelioration and Water Farm Joint Stock CompanyFS Feasibility StudyHH HouseholdIBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (The World Bank)IT Information TechnologyIDA International Development AssociationIDP Institutional Development Planmasl Meters above sea levelMENR Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources mm MillimetersMoH Ministry of HealthO&M Operation and MaintenanceP.A. Per AnnumPIU Project Implementation UnitProject Second National Water Supply and Sanitation Project – Feasibility Study for 16

Rayons in AzerbaijanSNWSSP Second National Water Supply and Sanitation ProjectSSC State Statistics CommitteeTOR Terms of ReferencesUN United NationsVAT Value Added TaxWB World BankWHO World Health OrganizationWSS Water supply and sanitationWW WastewaterWWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant

4

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. GENERAL

The Azerbaijan Second National Water Supply and Sanitation (SNWSS2) Project is financed by the

Government of Azerbaijan and World Bank. The employer for the project is Azerbaijan Amelioration and

Water Farm Joint Stock Company (AWFC) .

Gauff and Temelsu JV Int. Eng. Ser. Inc. Joint Venture is contracted to prepare Feasibility Studies of Water

Supply and Wastewater Investments in 16 Rayons.

The first phase of the project includes Aghsu, Ismayilli, Shabran and Siyazan rayons. This feasibility report

has been concentrated on for Siyazan region water and sanitation investments proposed to be financed under

the noted project.. Eptisa (Spain) in association with Hydrometeorology Consulting Company (Azerbaijan)

is contracted to prepare the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of the proposed project to assess the

environmental and social impacts of project and to identify the mitigation measures both during construction

and operation. This EIA study provides recommendations on mitigation measures and proposes an

environmental management plan including mitigation measures and proper monitoring actions to reduce and

prevent impacts form the proposed civil works.

.

Siyazan rayon center which is project area has been located in the east of the Greater Caucasus. Siyazan

territory consists of plain-foothill and highland zones. The rayon’s economic activity is based on agriculture.

Local people mainly deal with grain and vegetable growing and stock farming. According to the population

census made in 2009, the total rural and urban population of the rayon is 37,100 in the Siyazan people. The

population density is approximately 53 capita per km2. There are 32 villages within the rayon area. The

wastewater treatment plant will also receive the wastewater from Buyukhemmye village located downstream

of the project area in addition to the communities served by water supply and sewerage collection. Estimated

population figures in 2010 for water supply and sewerage collection is 28,800(covering almost all population

of the project area) and for wastewater treatment is 34 000. on year 2030.

2. EXISTING SITUATION

Water Supply

There are no water sources on the territory of the rayon. Siyazan town as well as some neighbour villages

are supplied from Baku I and II water pipeline, which originates to the north of the rayon and which passes

through the rayon. There are no meters at water intake and distribution points. The existing water supply

system is based on 5 pumping stations and 2 reservoirs (one with the capacity of 800 m3 and another 700 m3.)

which are situated on a hill above the town. The amount of water consumed in overall Siyazan Rayon is

estimated to be around 2,5 million m3/year, but available information on water consumption is not reliable.

This information is not a reliable one, but it is the only available data.

5

The municipal water supply and distribution network was commissioned in 1954-1966 (~6 km) and

tremendously expanded in 1978-1988 (~29 km). The network has slightly grown 1998-2000 (4,1 km) and

2006-2009 (2,8 km). The number of people served by the water supply network in Siyazan town is 12,200

persons, which is 54 % of total population .Total length of existing supply and distribution lines is ~51 km.

The main pipe material is steel( possess diameters between 50 and 250 mm).

Two pumping stations (~33 masl) feed the water supply network directly from third pipeline. In Pumping

Station 4 only one of original two pumps from Soviet times is working. Due to its limited head it is not used

for filling the reservoirs. Also the pump of Pumping Station 5 is old and weak (no data) and cannot be

considered for future solutions. Water losses from leakages are calculated to 50-60 % of the water balance.

Laboratory tests made during the project preparation shows compliance of drinking water with GOST 2874-

82 -“potable water” standards, except for bacteriological standards. Waters supply is constrained to 8 hours

a day. 1,290 water meters have been installed.

Wastewater System:

The sanitation network is functioning only in the center of Siyazan town. This network is mainly connected

to administrative, cultural, medical and commercial buildings.

Siyazan Sukanal operates and maintains its sewerage network and its mechanical wastewater treatment plant

through its own department. Only a few main sewers are operational and the condition of the secondary

network is very bad. The percent of the town population that is connected to sewer system is approximately

15-20%, and the percentage that benefits from the sewer system is declining as the system itself deteriorates.

More and more parts of the network seem to get out of order. The facilities for mechanical treatment of

wastewater are in very poor condition so that rehabilitation is not suitable.

Due to the topographic conditions sewerage collection by gravity is possible in Siyazan. The existing

sewerage network has a diameter of 150-300 mm and consists mainly of asbestos cement (~13,8 km). It was

reported that at least 9 km of these pipes have expired their lifetime and must be replaced. When replacing of

asbestos cement requirements by WB ( See section 8) will be followed according to the environmental

management plan. Some sections of the sewer network are made of steel (~2.1 km) and have significant

problems with corrosion and breakdown.

The majority of Siyazan inhabitants and surrounding villages use actually pits on their properties or drainage

channels to dispose municipal wastewater. The sludge collected in the pits is regularly removed by suction

trucks and illegally discharged to the surrounding area. In 1970 a small sedimentation pond has been built for

sludge collection which is reported to never have been operated. Due to the constraints of the sewerage

system (deepest point) this area can not be used for a new wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). 6

Untreated waste waters flow to drainage canals and further into the Caspian Sea

3. PROBLEMS

The problem of water supply in the town is among the most crucial matters. Water has been supplied

intermittently. The hygienic conditions within the houses were are poor due to unsupplied drinking water.

Almost 1/10th of the families pay for water supplied by the truck. Most of the houses don’t have a water

metering device therefore their payment has been decided by an inspector of Local Birleshmish Su Kanal

Authority. A large amount of water leakage was observed at the pump stations of water system. Physical

losses sum up to estimated loss rates of more than 70%.

The water quality analysis has been carried out in Siyazan at two locations which are Baku I and II pipelines.

The collected sample fits into the WHO, EU and Azeri drinking water standards(See Annexes).

Untreated wastewater discharged to the small canals and wastewater seeping from the septic tanks to ground

result in groundwater contamination, odour and hygienic problems in Siyazan rayon center. In addition,

ground water resources which are partly used by the consumers in Siyazan Rayon center are contaminated

with the wastewater leaking from the septic tanks and reaching to the aquifers. The sewerage system under

construction is not designed well to make house connections efficiently.

Also, the unhealthy situation of the existing wastewater treatment plant imposes a health and safety risk to

conditions of the people living around it.

In general existing problems are depletion of existing water supply and sanitation (WSS) assets due to lack

of sustainable investments and insufficient capacities for Operation and Maintenance (O&M), little

appreciation of public infrastructure sector and its organizations due to bad quality and service – consumers

implement their individual solutions without a general concept, limited budgets, low awareness of hygienic

interrelations of water supply, wastewater disposal and livestock farming cause high rates of water borne

diseases and major WSS supply lines and other facilities often affected by landslides and earthquakes.

In particular in the Water Supply system there is lack of mechanism for application of legislation to water

withdrawal from Water Transmission Pipelines, no sound legal protection of future investments, limited

number and capacity of water supply pumps and reservoirs – no extension according to growth of population

and industry, damages caused by great age, low material quality and insufficient installation depth of pipes

lead to high losses within the water distribution network. Interrupted water supply and temporarily empty

pipes cause bad water quality at house connections (bacteria, sediments, rust etc). There are hygienic

problems by private water storage tanks. New water supply lines/areas were implemented on the standards of

the old systems i.e. regular steel pipes and manually operated pumps and valves Manual operation of the

7

water distribution system – no automation and control. Preference of gravity flow systems and bad reputation

of pumps – as high manual effort and energy cost necessary to operate the existing old pumps.

Wastewater collection, treatment and discharge is considered to be of minor importance compared to water

supply facilities – it is low priority and receives very little investment. Damages of existing sewers results in

irregular wastewater flows at the surface . There are too few shafts causing very limited access to existing

sewer network, no equipment for maintenance and repair – no chance for troubleshooting. Sewerage disposal

in unlined pits leads to pollution of ground and surface water – as private wells are also used for water supply

this constitutes a serious health risk. Sludge disposal from pits and septic tanks is done illegally outside the

municipal area

Socio-Economic Situation is characterised by the low connection rate to public water supply network

(estimated at 54%) – many people are used to living with little water as they must carry it for a longer

distance or buy it from tank trucks and also low connection rate (15-20% of population) to wastewater

system. Bathrooms not common in the Rayon towns – improvement requires modification or extension of the

houses and will depend on economic possibilities of the owners. Toilets mostly outdoor using open pits

without flushing – future connection to a new sewer system will depend on personal interest and require

private investments. Popular cohabitation with livestock within the urban settlement without sufficient

disposal of excrements.

Institutional Situation is characterised by the low level of support for Local Sukanal (water agency)

Departments by central organizations and institutions, and very limited provision of know how, equipment,

vehicles etc. from central departments, institutional complexity and dependency on central organizations and

institutions inhibits solutions and investments on Rayon level. National Water Supply Tariffs are not cost-

effective to cover necessary investments – for better water quality and 24 hour supply the majority of

consumers need to agree to higher rates. The current tariff rates apply to a normative demand which is much

higher than actual. Value and qualification of Rayon Sukanal staff are affected by the need of manual

handling and trouble shooting. They are not in line with future O&M requirements. Scepticism of villages

concerning incorporation by the cities and/or integration by larger WSS organizations – disadvantages due to

limited independence and priority of the city. The management structure and skills of Sukanals are poorly

aligned for operating as a service industry.

There is an immediate need to address these issues through development and implementation of an efficient

and effective WSS system that is affordable to local communities and which meets the needs of the range of

stakeholders that it must serve.

8

4. Project Description

The Government of Azerbaijan is planning the implementation of National Water Supply and Sanitation

Project with the financial assistance of World Bank since 2007. The second phase of the same project has

been approved on date 27 May 2008 as Second National Water Supply and Sanitation Project (SNWSSP).

The implementing agency of this second phase project is Azerbaijan Amelioration and Water Management

Open Stock Company AWMC.

The general objective of this Project is to improve the availability, quality, reliability, and sustainability of

water supply and sanitation (WSS) services in 16 of Azerbaijan's regional (rayon) centers. Better

infrastructure services of the secondary towns and cities shall be implemented to improve living conditions,

reduce poverty and support local economic growth.

Gauff and Temelsu JV consortium is contracted to prepare Feasibility Studies of Water Supply and

Wastewater Investments in 16 Rayons, one of which is Siyazan Rayon. The contract for this work entered

into force on 16th March 2010 with a mobilization period: of 30 days. Official Project Commencement date

wais the 5th of April 2010 and scheduled completion date is 5th of April 2011. The project is intended to

provide better infrastructure services of the secondary towns and cities in order to improve living conditions,


The Project contains 3 components(See Chapter 3 of the main text).:

The Project aims to achieve its objectives through:

Implementation of a new, efficient and appropriately sized water and sanitation infrastructure by

rehabilitation of existing facilities and construction of new ones where this is necessary.

Determination of the operational bottlenecks of the water and sanitation system and development of

project proposals to improve efficiency

Strengthening of local know how and capacity to deliver and maintain these services

Developing a sense of local ownership through community participation..

The water source for the proposed project in Siyazan rayon is the Baku Water Transmission Line. As

indicated above, laboratory water tests, samples complies of both USSR ГОСТ 2874-82 drinking water

quality standards as well as EU, WHO and EPA criteria.”.

In the proposed system, water will be extracted from both I st and IInd Baku Water Transmission Lines. There

would be 3 pumping stations and 2 reservoirs with 2,500 m3 and 1,200 m3 capacities. Reservoir No:1 will

feed Zone 1 and Reservoir No:2 will feed Zone 2. There is another small reservoir near PS 2. On the other

hand PS1 feeds PS2 and PS2 feeds Reservoir No:1.

9

Within the scope of the Project polyethylene based corrugated pipes will be laid in a wastewater network and

a new Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) will be constructed just at the end of adjacent to the city and

close to 1st Baku Water Transmission Line. The land belongs to the municipality.

General characteristics of the Plant are the Population Equivalent: 34 000 person (2030) , Daily Flow: 7,000

m3/d , Dry Weather Peak Flow: 118 l/s and Rainy Weather Peak Flow: 167 l/s

The WWTP will comprise: Screens and Inlet Pumping Station, Aerated Grit Chamber, Flow Measurement,

Primary Sedimentation Tanks, Activated Sludge Tanks, Final Sedimentation Tanks, Return Sludge and

Excess Sludge Pumping Station, Gravity Thickeners, and Sludge Drying Beds

Treated wastewater will be discharged to the drainage trench near the plant, which connects to Caspian Sea.

Water borne diseases are expected to decrease in time with the upgrade of infrastructure facilities in the

rayon.

Expected project benefits in the project area are the prevention of the ground and surface water pollution,

protection of the public health, prevention of wasting of water resources and energy and prevention of the

soil pollution and supply of free fertilizers (i.e. sludge of proper quality from the WWTP) to farmers

5. INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS

In Azerbaijan the following organizations are engaged in questions of water resources

management:

The Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources;

Amelioration and Water Farm JSC

Azersu JSC

Ministry of Health with the Center on Epidemiology and Hygiene

Responsibilities of above agencies are described in the Chapter 2 of the main text.

6. EIA PROCESS

Eptisa (Spain) in association with Hydrometeorology Consulting Company (Azerbaijan) is contracted to

prepare the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of the proposed project to: (i) assess the environmental

and social impacts of project, (ii) identify the mitigation measures both during construction and post

development and (iii) prepare an environmental management and monitoring plan..

The issues covered by the EIA study are focusing on the most important environmental and social impacts

of the project, and especially to raise concerns of the impacted households . The EIA also identifies which of

the project activities has a potential to interact with the environment in the specific context of the natural,

regulatory (i.e. legal) and socio-economic environments in which these activities will occur.

10

Scoping was conducted early in the EIA process so that a focus on the priority issues (i.e. those that have the

greatest potential to affect the natural and/or socio-economic environment) could be established for the rest

of the EIA process. Scoping also helped identify gaps in the environmental, socio-economic and engineering

information that need to be addressed so that an informed impact assessment can be completed.

Different categories of issues, as identified below, were considered in the EIA. The potential beneficial and

adverse effects in each category were identified based on literature review, onsite data collection and

surveying, intensive investigations by individual experts through field surveys and site specific

investigations.

The following categories of impacts were considered:

1) Natural plants Flora and their habitat impacts were investigated using available technical reports and

through field survey.

2) Natural animal, birds Fauna and their habitat were investigated using available technical reports and


3) Surface and groundwater data were obtained from available reports and were used to map surface and

groundwater existence. Later these data were used to assess the hydrogeology and surface water

catchments.

4) Agricultural impacts were investigated by looking at the agricultural values, gathering crop and soil

types, and through field survey.

5) Air quality impacts were based on generalized regional level data combined with growth forecasts. In

addition, acoustic impacts (noise and vibration) were investigated.

6) Socio-economic impacts (living and employment conditions) were investigated using available data

and the data of the of State Statistical Committee.

7) Municipal services and utilities impacts (water supply, sewerage system, solid waste collection and

disposal, electricity, telecommunication, etc.) were investigated using existing information and the

Region Master Plan. Site visits enhanced these investigations.

8) Health and safety measures have been investigated and identified as being in accordance with the

national requirements and international Safety Guidelines

9) Further impacts and assessments were investigated through field survey and site visits.

In this section, identified Project components and project-related issues associated with those components

have been integrated to identify the extent to which the project may impact the natural and social

environmental components and the significance of those impacts has been assessed on national, community

and local scales. For assessment of what level of significance to assign to an environmental component and/

or the potential impact of a project on an environmental component an objective methodology is required to

permit assessment of the potential significance of environmental issues.

11

In the evaluation process a semi-quantitative analysis has been undertaken, to summarize “Valued

environmental components” (VEC’s) according to whether they are “high”, “medium” or “low”. Valued

environmental components that are valued as “high” are those that are broadly important across society.

VEC’s that are ranked as “medium” are those that are important at a community level, but are of limited

significance at a wider level. VEC’s that are ranked as “low” are significant at a localized level. All these

issues have been taken into consideration during development of mitigation measures and Environment

Management Plans.

7. PROJECT ALTERNATIVES

Following alternatives have been considered during the EIA process:

No Project Scenario

Water Supply System improvement only

Water Supply and Waste Water Management System improvement

For the water supply of Siyazan rayon center there are two alternatives exists. The first alternative is to

supply water from Tahtakorpu-Ceyranbatan Canal; and the second alternative is to supply water from Baku

I and II water transmission lines. The first alternative is a combination of one Drinking Water Treatment

Plant and two same reservoirs and the third water reservoir as in case of second alternative. The second

alternative includes three pumping stations and two main reservoirs.

There are no main technical alternatives for reconstruction of water distribution network except the sub-

alternatives like the type of pipe material.

There are no main technical alternatives for reconstruction of sewerage collection system.

The wastewater treatment plant option has been evaluated from the point of economy and operability of

process alternatives. The extended aeration process with sludge drying beds is selected by Gauff and

Temelsu JV.

Information on existing alternatives and recommended variants is given in section 6

8. PUBLIC CONSULTATION

This activity is aimed at informing identified stakeholders and other interested parties concerning the project

and gathering perspectives from them. Public consultation presents stakeholders with the opportunity to

voice both their positive opinions and their concerns and to enable these issues to be addressed in the EIA

and incorporated into the project design.

A round table meeting was held on 09 June, 2010 and hosted by the Executive Power of Siyazan region.

Representatives of different agencies, Amelioration JSC, Azersu , MoE and NGOs attended and their

concerns were also reported. The meeting was solely dedicated for defining the scope of the EIA..

12

Workshop was organized on October 22 2010 in the meeting venue provided by the Shabran Rayon Executive Power to discuss developed EIA for the proposed WSS projects. It was advertised 15 days before this date and also many of stakeholders have been invited by the Rayon Executive Power beforehand to attend it.

The representative of EPTİSA lead consortium provided the general information about the Project to participants and answered asked questions. Main discussions where about proposals of Project Alternatives, Proposal Water sources , Environment Impact Assessment, Scheduled Activities for Environment Management Plan, Proposed Mitigation Measures.

The Presented findings were been actively discussed. Discussions topics were related to water supply, location of waste water treatment plant, sewer canals, project schedule and employment of local people in project construction work.

The environmental consultant of the PIU informed that provided proposals will be considered in the EIA. Audience was informed that proposals related to the location of WWTP has been incorporated into EIA and will be taken into account by the detailed design of the project together with the proposal related to design of canal for transportation of treated waters and and their discharge point.

9. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Measures for mitigating negative environmental impacts are directed at minimizing possible negative

environmental and social-economic impacts during the construction and utilization phases of the project.

These measures will be carried out by the construction company during the construction phase of the WSS

project and by the local Water Canal Company during utilization phase.

The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) outlines the management mechanisms (i.e. working

arrangements) for how the environmental and social elements of the project should be managed from

detailed design and construction through operation.

The EMP is aimed at reduction to minimum level of any potentially negative environmental impacts during

construction and operation. It requires that all aspects of the works comply with the relevant legislation and

norms., and that measures to mitigate impacts identified in the EIA are implemented, and that environmental

monitoring and emergency measures are carried out during the construction works on the site. Within the

EMP required environmental controls and monitoring procedures are considered during construction and

after the work is completed. The Contractor is responsible for the implementation of these mitigation

measures and emergency measures during construction.

There are several mechanisms of ensuring delivery during construction of both general and site specific

mitigation developed through the EIAs. These include that the Contractor will further develop the outline

requirements of the EMP by designing individual Management Plans, for, project activities that include such

as oil and fuel storage, waste management, traffic management and pollution prevention.

A tabulated summary of the environmental management is presented below.

13

There is an initial environmental assessment for the Category A typed project in the prepared project

Feasibility Study Document, where the “Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist” was filled for both

sewerage and water supply systems. This checklist summarizes the existing project area in Siyazan and

potential environmental impacts, which the project may cause. According to the checklist some issues of

impact can take place in the project implementation. These issues then in the EIA process have been

compared with the “Valued Environmental Components and Potential Negative Effects” (Chapter 5.1)

and then relevant mitigation measures have been identified accordingly.

10. APPLICATION OF MITIGATION MEASURES

The potential main impacts and mitigation measures to reduce these impacts at the construction and

operation stages are summarized in the following table. The table includes It is based on recommendations

of the Feasibility Study document, together with additional measures that are considered necessary as a

result of the EIA process. which was added with necessary additional measures in the EIA process and

presented below .

14

Potential Main Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

STAGES

ECOLOGICAL COMPONENT

POTENTIAL IMPACTS IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES

ESTIMATED COST OF IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES

Responci-bility

Monitoring

Construction stage

Air quality

Dust, gases/aerosol associated with construction (toxic gasses discharged by construction machineries, wind blown construction materials etc.)

Dust prevention by watering and other means;Transportation of grainy or dusty materials in the top-coated trucks;Watering of dust sources;Transportation of dust producing materials during calm days (not in the windy days);Avoid making open fires;Avoid setting fire on residue grease, isolation materials, and other substances;Efficient use of machinery and other technologies;Application of adequate construction methodologies and facilities;Careful implementation of works in vulnerable areas.

Provision of water: $10,000

No cost for other measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedures

Contractor

Supervisor/ Amelioration JSC

Earth

Waste pollution, especially wastes caused by construction and domestic activities;Material storage, civil works and other impacts;Landfill of wastes and other materials;Impacts of excavation works;Possibility of erosion;Wastewater.

Protection of the surroundings of the construction site;Limited works in the vulnerable zones;Identify adequate areas to store residue materials, and transportation of all construction related effluent materials into the predetermined site;Control of erosion process;Provide earth stabilization/green cover over vertical points and slopes to minimize land slide risks;Prevent discharge of excavated material to the river beds or lakes;Avoid unwanted traffic blockage, collect excavated spoil material and discharge somewhere close to the construction site;Discharge wastewater flows to the closest sewage line, installation of toilets and septic tanks.

Provision of materials and cover to prevent landslide risks: $10,000

Traffic management signage: $5,000


Contractor


Topsoil Damage to the Adequate design works and selection of proper route Proper storage of toxic

15

STAGES




Responci-bility

Monitoring

topsoil resulting from material storage, excavation works, temporary roads etc. Loss of topsoil during excavation;Flushing of topsoil and soil erosion due to polluted water streams;

to minimize impact on the topsoil;Usage of excavated soil material for the agriculture purposes;Cut, store and restore topsoil where possible after the completion of the construction works;Discharge of materials to the predetermined areas by secondary routs;Measures against land slides Storage of toxic materials and effluents in the safe and predetermined areas, its provision with drainage waters, and processing where necessary;Standards applied, including soil erosion prevention by good soil practice and drainage control. Good soil conservation measures and effective reins to prevent future erosion and soil loss.

materials/effluents: $12,500

Measures against landslides addressed above

No cost for other measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedures.

Contractor


Water resources and waste waters

Pollution of surface and groundwater sources due to domestic and construction effluents, including harmful residues, leakage of fuel and other oil related products;Blockage of surface and groundwater filtration and creation of stagnant water accumulations.Water scarcity problems in low flow periods of the year

Avoid discharge of harmful chemical substances into sewage lines or ground surface;Design and operation of natural drainage and consideration for alternative directions;Discharge wastewater flows to the closest sewage line, installation of toilets and septic tanks.Required standards applied, including safe removal of wastewater during renovation works, use of appropriate equipment by workers and ongoing liaison with residents and fencing off contaminated areas. Balanced use of water sources to avoid significant pressure on them in low flow period and also eliminate water shortage problems for all users..

No cost for identified measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedures

Contractor


16

STAGES




Responci-bility

Monitoring

connected with project and increase of water supply problem for other users which use the same sources

Construction stage

Noise

Disturbance due to noise generated from construction works and intensive traffic

Use of adequate construction materials and equipment;Adherence to predetermined work schedule to minimize disturbance and implementation of noise generating works during normal work hours;Minimum use of noise generating equipment (example, stone cutters, compressors);Minimize traffic during dark hours, and use of silencers.


Contractor


Natural habitat

Disturbance of the natural habitat due to construction related noise, dust, non-seasonal works, unprocessed residues and etc. Loss of natural settlement areas due to construction works.

Adequate storage, processing or liquidation of wastes;Application of relevant construction and seasonal work methodologies;Protection of vulnerable areas located close to the construction site.


Contractor


Flora and fauna

Earthworks, operation of machines, noise and etc.;Losses or degradations during

Adequate storage, processing or liquidation of wastes;Protection of vulnerable areas located close to the construction site;Application of seasonal work methodologies where necessary.

Storage, processing, liquidation of wastes addressed above


Contractor


17

STAGES




Responci-bility

Monitoring

and after construction works, non-seasonal works, change of ecological situation etc.

Construction stage

Aesthetics and landscape

Impact of works on landscape and disturbance to natural sights, greenness and trees;Noise, dust, residue and etc. during and after construction.

Careful design and location of works;Restoration of damaged trees, protection lines and etc.;Planting of greenery in the construction site, careful implementation of works in the work sites, and management of wastes.

Restoration/planting of greenery: $50,000

No cost for remaining measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedures.

Contractor


Agriculture

Damage to agricultural lands, including drainage and irrigation infrastructure.

Liaise effectively with relevant organizations and residents before start of construction, maintain dialogue, develop a grievance procedure, strictly control machinery and vehicle access and reinstate all affected areas

No cost for identified measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedures.

Contractor


Livestock

Livestock resources damaged by machinery and vehicles.

Liaise effectively with farmers and residents before start of construction, maintain dialogue, develop a grievance procedure, strictly control machinery and vehicle access and reinstate all affected areas


Contractor


Health and safety of residents and workers

Health risks from unprocessed wastes;Use of harmful substances (paints with heavy metal, lead compositions), asbestos- cement slabs, inflammable and toxic materials

Planning of measures dealing with security and environmental protection issues;Adherence to project standards, good signage, ongoing consultation with residents, including schools. All workers to use appropriate PPE and be trained at project induction. Safety fencing provided.Organization and implementation of security and safety related trainings; Requirements of y WB will be followed(Chapter 8) when replacing the asbestos-

Trainings: $25,000


Construction of warehouse for temporal storage of hazardous wastes: $50,000

Contractor


18

STAGES




Responci-bility

Monitoring

etc.). cement pipes.Management of materials in accordance with the relevant ecological and sanitary-hygiene norms;Identification of dangerous sites, proper storage/liquidation of waste materials.

Areas of historical and cultural value

Damage to areas of historical and cultural value located in the project area

There are no areas of historic/cultural value to be affected by project. But if it appears relevant measures need to be taken Staff awareness;Inform adequate organizations in case of archeological findings;Temporary termination of works.


Contractor


Resettlement Land acquisition

Loss of property, land and damage to living areas of population

There no need for resettlement. For areas where lands used for agricultural crop production relevant plans need to be prepared, which includes provision of replacement lands or compensation for lost access to plots of arable land and lost fruit or nut trees.

Costs for resettlement (if any) to be negotiated by project owner in accordance with relevant legislation, contractual agreement or other documents.

Contractor


Operation stage (potable water systems)

Risks to human health and environment

Quality of treated water

Operation supervision of treatment facilities in due accordance with the operation guidelines;Quality control of water flows entering the system;Avoid pollution of treated waters with the wastewater flows;Avoid over-chlorination of water flows supplied to the consumers.


Contractor


Breakages and emergency situations

There is need to develop scheduled preventative maintenance Training of staff on safety and human security issues;Measures to avoid leakage of chlorine gas.

Training cost identified belowNo cost for remaining measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedures

Contractor


Social-economical

Reduction of treated water quantities

Prevent illegal connections to the system;Proper operation of the system including water treatment, pipelines, connection lines and etc.

No cost for remaining measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedure

Contractor

Supervisor/ Amelioration

19

STAGES




Responci-bility

Monitoring

Ensure an affordable tariff structure and proper collection of fees.

JSC

Operation stage(sewage and wastewater)

Risks to human health and environmental impacts

Quality of wastewater and its impacts on human health and environment

Constant monitoring of wastewater flows coming out of the wastewater treatment plant;Discharge of wastewater into the environment only after adequate treatment;Training of operation staff for their qualification raising;Monitoring of downstream habitats to evaluate the extent to which they return to their previously unpolluted state.

Monitoring of downstream environmental quality: $12,500 one time every 2 years for 20 years

No cost for remaining measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedures

Contractor


Quality of sediments in the treatment structures (sludge), risks due to agricultural consumption of these wastes.

Adequate processing of sludge;Monitoring of nematodes, coliforms and heavy metals in the composition of output sludge;Transportation of sludge in the closed containers;Training of operation staff for their qualification raising.Training In application of sludge, and monitoring of sludge application

Monitoring of sludge quality: $10,000/yearTransportation of sludge $10,000/year

Training cost identified below

Contractor


Smell generations in the wastewater treatment structure;

Planning and management of smell mitigation;Tight shutting of smell producing equipment and containers.

Odour masking agents: $US 5,000/year


Contractor


Safe storage of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes

Risks to human health

Use of authorised sites for non-hazardous waste disposal; support and arrangements for setting facilities for hazardous waste safe storage

Training: $25,000 in first year; $5,000/year in each following year


Contractor


Human health

Risks to health of residents and workers and to the environment

Training of staff on safety and human security issues;Training of staff on sanitary and hygiene rules to prevent infections from wastewater discharges and sludge residues;

Contractor


20

STAGES




Responci-bility

Monitoring

Provide staff with adequate protection uniforms and facilities;Measures to prevent emergency situations such as leakage of chlorine gas.Monitoring of drinking water and wastewater quality

Note: All mitigation measures identified in this Table should be specified in all contracts for construction and operation of the project, and should also be including in all manuals or operating procedures that are developed.

In total around 200000 USD need to be allocated to implement main mitigation measures.

21

11. MONITORING

Conducting monitoring is the major strategic tool in environmental management and the extent of project

monitoring will be dependent on the nature, scale and potential impact of the project activities. Monitoring

may require the services of environmental specialists or a company with laboratory and analytical facilities

(for complex environmental problems) or inspection by the local government environmental officers.

The Main elements of the environmental monitoring plan in the construction phase are the dust, noise, solid

waste, waste water and soil monitoring. In the operations utilization phase monitoring of water volume in

water sources and water storages, microbiological and chemical composition of water distributed to people,

comparison to water standards, pollution level of sewage, waste waters after treatment/purification,

depositions settled in water cleaning plants, cleaned/treated sewage in the place where it joins to sewage

collector and soil where depositions generated in water cleaning plants will be used as fertilizers.

Monitoring of all activities during construction period will be under the responsibility of the Contractor,

performance of which will be controlled by the Amelioration JSC or supervisor appointed by JSC. The

Contractor will prepare an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) that addresses all aspects of the EMP

identifies above, and will establish a team for the monitoring activities. The Contractor will be responsible

for the compliance of the constructions with the national norms and standards. Monitoring of construction

activities will have to ensure that mitigation measures of construction impacts are being implemented

properly. Contractor’s Environmental Team will be subject to the government inspections from time to time.

An individual auditing company may also inspect the Contractor on a long-term basis, such as every 3

months or 6 months.

Monitoring responsibility of operation activities will be under the operator for the WWTP and under the

local authorities for the network systems. Performance of monitoring activities will be controlled by the

Amelioration JSC or supervisor appointed by JSC. Necessary and planned measurements should be realized

in WWTP in order to certify of fulfillment to discharge criteria. Again WWTP operator will be subject to the

government inspections from time to time.

Regular reports on implementation of monitoring plan will be submitted to Contractor .

A training and equipment package is included in the project. As key agency responsible for implementation

for SNWSSP the Amelioration and Water Farm JSC will need to have adequate capacity for control of

realization of EMP.

Although the Department on Control of Protection and Use of Water Resources have been trained by ADP

Flood mitigation project and other programs, there is still need for required knowledge on Environment

Management issues during the construction and operation.

22

In order to increase capacity of Environmental specialist at PIU and also for local SuKanal relevant training

is planned to be organized within the project. Staff will be trained in Environmental management during the

construction and also in operation phase, in the necessary aspects for effective operation of the water and

sanitation service to minimize impact to the environment. The training requirements and training modules

are currently being developed in discussions between the World Bank and Amelioration JSC and AZERSU.

Amelioration JSC PİU will also need to have relevant trained staff to supervise the construction process and

monitor implementation of EMP.

23

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The Azerbaijan Second National Water Supply and Sanitation (SNWSS2) Project is financed by the

Government of Azerbaijan and World Bank. The employer for the project is Azerbaijan Amelioration and

Water Farm Open Joint Stock Company (OJSC) .

Gauff and Temelsu JV is contracted to prepare Feasibility Studies of Water Supply and Wastewater

Investments in 16 Rayons, of which one is Siyazan Rayon. Eptisa (Spain) in association with

Hydrometeorology Consulting Company (Azerbaijan) is contracted to prepare the Environmental Impact

Assessment (EIA) of the proposed project to assess the environmental and social impacts of project and to

identify the mitigation measures both during construction and post development. This EIA study provides

recommendations on mitigation measures and proposes an environmental management and monitoring plan.

1.1 Context of the EIA

This report presents an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of the project in Siyazan. The EIA

identifies potential impacts on the natural environment and the social situation in Siyazan region during

construction and operation of the project. Where potential adverse effects are predicted, mitigation has been

developed and its implementation is presented in an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and

Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMP).

This project has been identified as a Category A project in the World Bank classification for EIA

(OP/BP4.01). This requires an EIA report and an Environmental Management Plan. Moreover, public

consultations are required to discuss the project and the proposed environmental management plan.

A detailed description of the project is presented below in section 3

There are following definitions used in this report:

Definition of environmental aspects: The International Standard Organisation’s standard for

Environmental Management Systems (EMS), ISO 14001 defines an environmental aspect as: “An

element of a......, product or service that can interact with the environment.”

Definition of impacts: ISO 14001 defines an environmental impact as: “Any change to the

environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organisation’s

activities, products or services.” This definition will be used in the identification of the proposed

project’s environmental impacts. An environmental or socio-economic impact may result from any

of the identified project aspects; that is, activity-receptor interaction. The potential for an

environmental or socio-economic impact exists where an environmental or socio-economic aspect

24

has been identified; that is, where a project activity has been determined to have the potential to

interact with the biophysical environment or with the socio-economic contest of the community..

Impacts can be either negative or positive. The primary objectives of the impact assessment are to:

establish the significance of identified potential impacts that may occur as a result of a project

activity being undertaken, and differentiate between those impacts that are insignificant (i.e. can be

sustained by natural systems) and those that are significant (i.e. cannot be sustained by natural

systems). Significant potential impacts would require alternative and/or additional mitigation

measures above and beyond those already incorporated in the base design for the project/activity.

Scoping was conducted early in the EIA process so that a focus on the priority issues (i.e. those that have the

greatest potential to affect the natural and/or socio-economic environment) can be established for the rest of

the EIA process. Scoping also helped identify gaps in the environmental, socio-economic and engineering

information that need to be addressed so that an informed impact assessment can be completed.

The potential beneficial and adverse effects were identified based on literature review, onsite data collection

and surveying, intensive investigations by individual experts through field surveys and site specific

investigations.

The following categories of impacts were considered in the EIA:

1. Natural Plant and their habitat impacts were investigated using available technical reports and


2. Natural Animal, birds and their habitat were investigated using available technical reports and


3. Surface and groundwater data were obtained from available reports and were used to map

surface and groundwater existence. Later these data were used to assess the hydrogeology and

surface water catchments.

4. 4)Agricultural impacts were investigated by looking at the agricultural values, gathering crop

and soil types, and through field survey.

5. Air quality impacts were based on generalized regional level data combined with growth

forecasts. In addition, acoustic impacts (noise and vibration) were investigated.

6. Socio-economic impacts (living and employment conditions) were investigated using available

data and the data of the of State Statistical Committee.

7. Municipal services and utilities impacts (water supply, sewerage system, solid waste collection

and disposal, electricity, telecommunication, etc.) were investigated using existing information

and the Region Master Plan. Site visits enhanced these investigations.

8. Health and safety measures have been investigated and identified as being in accordance with

the national requirements and international Safety Guidelines25

9. Further impacts and assessments were investigated through field survey and site visits.

1.2. Purpose of the EIA

In accordance with the Environmental Assessment requirements of the World Bank and the Environmental

legislation of the Azerbaijan Republic, an EIA process is required in support of the proposed project.

The objectives and rationale of the assignment are, in general, clearly stated in the Terms of Reference

(ToR).

The aim of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is to ensure that any adverse environmental or

socio-economic impacts arising from proposed project activities in each individual rayon are identified and

where possible eliminated or minimized through early recognition of and response to the issues.

The purpose of the assignment is to help the Client to:

Ensure that environmental considerations are integrated into the project planning and design

activities

Ensure that a high standard of environmental performance is planned and achieved for the

project

Ensure that environmental and socio-economic aspects and impacts are identified, quantified

where appropriate, and assessed and mitigation measures proposed

Ensure that legal and policy requirements and expectations are addressed

Consult with all of the project stakeholders and address their concerns; and

Demonstrate that the project will be implemented with due regard to environmental and social

considerations in mind

The purpose of this EIA study is to identify the direct and indirect impacts that the development of WSS will

have on the natural resources, ecosystem, and the socioeconomic dimensions of the communities and

populations. Accordingly, mitigation measures will be proposed and an

environmental management and monitoring plan will be prepared to address the identified impacts and the

corresponding mitigation measures.

The EIA document is intended to provide the decision makers and international donors with an

understanding of the impacts of developing WSS, in order for them to make an informed decision. The

assessment includes suggested efforts to avoid or minimize the adverse effects and methods to enhance the

positive effects.

1.3. Methodology

26

In the course of the assignment potential impacts of all stages of the project from pre-construction, through

construction and installation to operation in rayon are evaluated against applicable environmental standards,

regulations and guidelines, the existing environmental conditions, and issues and concerns raised by all

project stakeholders. Evaluation of the implementation and effectiveness, of existing and planned

environmental controls and monitoring and mitigation are considered.

The EIA process constitutes a systematic approach to the evaluation of a project in the specific context of the

natural, regulatory and socioeconomic environments of the project area in which development is proposed.

The assessment process incorporates the following key stages:

Project stakeholder consultation is a vital component of the EIA process. The consultation process is focused

on, seeking comment on key issues and concerns, sourcing accurate information, identifying potential

impacts and offering the opportunity for alternatives or objections to be raised by the potentially affected

parties; non-governmental organizations, members of the public and other stakeholders. Consultation helps

to develop a sense of stakeholder ownership of the project and the realization that their concerns are taken

seriously, that the issues they raise, if relevant, will be addressed in the EIA process. Consultation with all

project stakeholders in 4 rayons started during the Scoping stage and continued throughout the EIA process.

All relevant stakeholders have been identified using the most recent and accurate information available and

the consultation results including:

a list of stakeholders consulted in each rayon; and

a summary of the issues and concerns raised.

From the environmental and social point of view the above definition of the environment and potential

project impact is used in the identification of the proposed project’s environmental, legal and socio-economic

aspects.

27

2.0 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

2.1 Policy Framework

EIA in Azerbaijan

During its years of independence, Azerbaijan has steadily improved its system of environmental protection. The

policy, legal and institutional framework that it inherited from the former Soviet Union was not designed to

operate within a market economy, and insufficient attention had been given to issues of efficiency and

environmental protection.

Much progress has now been made, particularly in updating the environmental legal framework, although further

improvements are still needed, including in environmental impact assessment. The Ministry of Ecology and

Natural Resources was established in 2000 and other institutional reform is being undertaken.

The ecological strategy of the country is aimed at preservation of natural resources at national, regional and

international spheres; application of scientifically substantiated development principles; and sustainable use of

economic and human resources of the country that would meet interests of existing and future generations

through enhanced coordination of activities in the area of protection of the environment. As a manifestation of

environmental polices in the Republic of Azerbaijan, it should be noted that it is oriented to the development of

a relevant legislative basis in accordance with European standards, improvement of state environmental

management system, and gradual realization of priority projects through broadened ties with international

organizations.

In Azerbaijan, EIA is applied under the State ecological expertise (SEE) procedure.

In the EIA process the main objects are projects of state importance which cover the various spheres of industry

and agriculture.

In 1996 the Government of Azerbaijan adopted the procedure of EIA process, which compliancy with systems

used in most countries. The new rules are described in Regulations on carrying out of Environment Impact

Assessment in Azerbaijan Republic (UNDP / State Ecology Committee, 1996). These Regulations state, that

“Activities on assessment of impacts of wastes to environment should begin in the stage of planning of the

project”.

The process of Environmental Impacts Assessment is one of means regulating protection of environment,

efficient use if nature and effectiveness of economic development.

This existing normative, legal basis of the Azerbaijan Republic broadly uses the notion of EIA The main aim of

the EIA process is: Recovery of natural systems violated due to previous economic activity; prevention of

degradation of environment; ecological – economical balancing of future economic development; creation of

favorable living conditions for peoples; decrease of level of ecological hazard of envisaged activity.

This document was made up before decisions on fulfillment of any of projects.28

The EIA document is a document which determines the character of all potential forms and level of danger

of impacts to the environment caused by an economic or other activity that is proposed to be carried out.

The EIA is document evaluates results of fulfillment of the project from ecological, social and economical

view of point.

State Expertise Board of Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources is authorized state organ for EIA

process.

For concrete projects the EIA process begins from planning and feasibility study and its realization. The

Applicant (the project proponent, nature user) is responsible for content and final version of EIA document

submitted to Ministry of Ecology. The Applicant bear the responsibility for fulfillment of conditions shown

in the given permission and also for carrying out of monitoring of the project.

There are 2 steps:

First: The originator (applicant) of the activity submits application to Ministry of Ecology and informs

about major project decisions and possible results of negative Impacts to Environment.

Ministry of Ecology after consideration of the Application informs the Applicant about necessity of carrying

out of EIA and scale of this activity. In rare cases, after consideration of application, the permission for

carrying out of work may be given immediately (Article 2.5).

Second: The documents (on EIA) prepared by the Applicant are considered by the Group of Experts and

Summary is made. The summary also includes proposals and critics of community.

On the basis of the summary, the Ministry of Ecology may give permission for work or refuse to permit to

activity, explaining reasons for rejection. The Ministry of Ecology determines 3 months maximal period for

consideration of EIA documents.

Enforcement and compliance are the responsibility of the general inspection system. EIA process is

described in below figure(See figure 2.1).

29

The Republic of Azerbaijan pursuing a policy of integration to the World Community and in recent years

has signed and ratified scores of International and bilateral conventions, treaties and agreements, including

15 Conventions related to environment.

Each law of Republic of Azerbaijan includes a special chapter or article stating that if International

Agreements provide rules which differ from existing relevant rules of Azerbaijan Legislation, the rules of

international documents should prevail.

.

The World Bank Safeguards Policy

The World Bank requires an environmental assessment (EA) of projects proposed for Bank financing to help

ensure that they are environmentally sound and sustainable, and thus improve decision making (OP 4.01,

January 1999). The EIA that is required by the Bank is in effect the same document as the EIA that is

required under Azerbaijan legislation.

EA evaluates the potential ecological risks of a project and its impact to the territories covered by the

project; analyzes alternatives of the project; determines ways for development of choice, location, planning,

design and execution of the project, by taking measures on mitigation, compensation and bringing to

minimum of harmful ecological impacts and strengthening its positive impacts to the environment. The Bank

prefers preventive measures, if any, to mitigation or compensation measures.

The EA takes into account the environment (air, water and land); humans health and safety; social aspects

(obligatory resettlement, residents and cultural heritage property); and trans - boundary and global

environmental aspects. At the same time it takes into account all changes taking place in the project and

country; results of ecological studies held in the country, plans of local ecological measures; common

political framework of the country, local legislation and institutional possibilities on ecological and social

aspects; obligations of the country on international Agreements and Treaties concerning the projects

activities.

The Bank doesn't fund the project activities which are contrary to such country's obligations as it would be

determined during the EA.

* Key considerations to be taken into account during the EA process include:

* Generic initial screening to determine appropriate environmental assessment;

* Compliance with existing environmental regulations in Azerbaijan;

* Linkages with socio-economic assessment, or inclusion of socio-economic assessment within the

scope of the EA;

* Analysis of alternatives;31

* Public participation and consultation with affected people and organizations; and

* Disclosure of information.

The Bank undertakes environmental screening of each proposed project to determine the appropriate extent

and type of EIA. The Bank classifies the proposed project into one of four categories, depending on the type,

location, sensitivity and scale of the project and the nature and magnitude of its potential environmental

impacts. The four Categories are A, B, C, and Fl.

Whilst the objectives of the project include provision of a safe, reliable, potable water supply and vastly

improved treatment of wastewater, the extent and nature of the works required result in it being classified as

Category A, for which an EIA and EMP are required. This category of project may have significant adverse

environmental impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area

broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical works, can cause serious and irrevocable impact upon

the environment or human health. The EIA for a Category A project examines the project’s potential

negative and positive environmental impacts, compares them with those of feasible alternatives (including

the "without project" scenario), and recommends any measures needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or

compensate for adverse impacts and improve environmental performance for a Category A project.

2.2 Legal Framework

Environmental protection in Azerbaijan is governed by the Law on Environment Protection (1999). The Law

establishes the main environmental protection principles, and the rights and obligations of the State, public

associations and citizens regarding environmental protection. It establishes the requirements for the

preparation of environmental impact assessments, environmental quality standards, and requirements for

permitting the activities that affect the environment, prevention and reduction of environmental pollution,

environmental monitoring and control, the role of the public and sanctions imposed on law violators.

Other laws governing specific issues such as sanitary-epidemiological welfare, land reform, energy, health,

water, forests, cadastre and land use, industrial and domestic wastes, ecological safety, water supply and

wastewater, atmospheric protection and specially protected areas have been adopted since 1992.

The questions related to protection of environment and regulation of use of nature are regulated through the

with following Laws of relevant legislation of Azerbaijan Republic: Water Code (1997), Land Code (1999),

Forest Code (1997), On Entrails (1998), On Protection of Flora (1996), On Fauna (1999), On Obligatory

Insurance (2002), On radioactive Wastes (1994), On Industrial and Household wastes (1998), On

Radioactive safety of population (1997), On Sanitary - Epidemiological Safety (1992), On Melioration and

Irrigation (1996), On Water Supply and Waste Water(1999), On Safety of Hydrotechnical Plants (2002), On

State land cadastre, monitoring of lands and structure of earth (1998), On Pesticides and agrochemical

32

substances (1997), On protection of the Soilfertility (1999), On specially protected nature areas and objects

(2000).

In addition, a large number (some 75+) of Decisions of the Cabinet of Ministers have been

issued to help interpret the body of environmental legislation and related Presidential Degrees

and Orders.

Republican criminal legislation and legislation on administrative faults includes some measures directed to

protection of environment and efficient use of nature. The relevant legislation in force includes some laws

regulating activity of natural persons and legal entities in the various spheres of use of natural resources

(underground resources, water ad land resources, forests, fishes, etc.).

The International Agreements and Conventions signed by Azerbaijan are an inseparable part of the

legislation system of the country.

Principles of rational water use, its state registration, settlement of water disputes and responsibility for

violation of water legislation are described in the following below legal documents:

Laws of Azerbaijan Republic on Water Supply and Wastewater (Decree of President of Azerbaijan

Republic dated January 26, 2000);

Water Code of Azerbaijan Republic (Decree of President of Azerbaijan Republic dated December

26, 1997);

RESOLUTION No 206 on approval of some rules regarding water legislation of Azerbaijan

Republic (Cabinet of Ministers, October 15, 1998);

RESOLUTION No 195 on approval of Rules on implementation of state control over consumption

and preservation of water objects (Cabinet of Ministers, September 25, 1998);

RESOLUTION No 197 on approval of Rules on identification of construction sites of enterprises,

structures, and other objects to be constructed, agreement of its work drawings, its state expertise and

commissioning. (Cabinet of Ministers, September 28, 1998);

Resolution No 7 on approval of state water registration rules, (Cabinet of Ministers, January 17,

2000).;

2.3 Administrative Framework

In Azerbaijan the following organizations are engaged in questions of water resources management:33

The Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources;

Amelioration and Water Farm JSC

Ministry of Health with the Center on Epidemiology and Hygiene

Azersu JSC

The Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources is responsible for safety and protection from pollution of

water resources. The Ministry Carries out the state account of water resources and supervises their quality by

carrying out of stationary hydrometric, hydro-geological and hydro-chemical supervision, make water

balances and forecasts of elements of a water regime, estimates reserves of ground waters, prosecutes with

the questions of rational use and reproduction of water resources. Establishes and approves norms of

maximum permissible limits of run-off waters and carry out their control by means of regional offices.

The Expertise Department of the Ministry conducts State ecological examination of new projects on water

distribution, water use, new structures, other works executed in this area and gives its opinion on realization

or non realization of projects and works.

Department of Environmental Policy and Environmental Protection defines the basic directions of a policy

on maintenance of safety and protection of water resources from pollution.

Department of Environmental Protection coordinates activity on monitoring and implementing of nature

protection statutory acts, on conditions of water resources checks a level of conformity of influence of

planned activity to working statutory acts and applies sanctions.

The Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources is the responsible authority for state of environment It

determines whether a project requires no EIA at all or a full EIA or anything in between. The regional

departments of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources receive applications and ensure that adequate

information has been provided.

Amelioration and Water Farm Joint Stock Company is responsible for complex use of water resources,

studies requirements for water resources, develops plans and norms of water use, maintains irrigating

systems, together between various branches of economy, establishes a payment for water use and together

with other departments and the organizations are busy with the questions on management of water resources

of trans-boundary rivers.

Ministry of Health with the Center on Epidemiology and Hygiene is responsible for drawing up of

standards and realization of monitoring of drinking water quality. In the areas there are corresponding

divisions of the ministry for realization of monitoring, quality assurance of waters, etc.

34

Azersu Joint Stock Company. Till July 11, 2004 with questions of water supply of the cities Baku and

Sumgait was engaged Absheron Joint-stock Water Society. In July, 2004 service on water supply and run-off

waters of other regions of the country was also transferred to it (earlier the State Committee on Architecture

and Construction was engaged in it) and Joint-stock company Azersu was established. The basic function of

Azersu is operation and rehabilitation of systems of water supply and sanitation.

Joint-stock company Azersu has established different tariffs for use of water by populations, by budgetary

organizations and in the industry. In connection with economic problems, for the population lower tariffs are

established. The collecting of means makes 80 %. Water-measuring devices are few. The collected means do

not pay expenses.

The administrative structure of water supply and sanitation system comprises four levels, with the Cabinet of

Ministers at the top; AZERSU joint Stock Company; “Joint SuKanal” Limited Liability Company (LLC)

responsible for water supply and sanitation (WSS) in small towns and rural settlements; and finally local

SuCanals at the bottom which report directly to Joint SuCanal.

AZERSU is a financially independent body which receives no subsidy from senior bodies. Its main revenues

are from water fees it receives from consumers.

The Non Governmental organizations (NGOs) in Azerbaijan carry out projects on informing the public on

existing problems in the water sector, explain legal aspects of questions on protection of water resources by

edition of bulletins and booklets, speak to the press/media and carry out of training. Since they lack their

own resources, NGO’s carry out their activities within the framework of projects and grants. Frequently

these projects are directed on increasing of knowledge of the population.

CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS

In Azerbaijan, engineering survey, design and construction standards and regulations are governed by the

State Construction Committee. Rules of conducting supervision and control procedures by the State

Construction Committee (in several areas regarding to safety of construction by the recently established

Ministry of Emergencies) had been approved by the Cabinet of Ministers in 2003. Subject to the State

Construction Committee regulations all construction operations are to be carried out with due regard to the

environmental requirements. Following the existing construction rules, construction or renovation works are

to be carried out on the basis of the approved project (design) documents only.

The State Construction Committee issues special licenses to conduct engineering survey and design

operations (no license is required for construction operations). The project design documents include

descriptions of proposed construction and related activities together with applications for permits from

relevant authorities for geological studies of soil characteristics, fire safety, public health, utilities (gas,

water, electricity, telecommunication) and environmental assessment. The relevant authorities conduct

35

inspections during construction to monitor compliance with the permits, and may issue significant fines if

violations are found.

Land availability

Land acquisition and resettlement that might be required under this project will be governed by a

resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) that has been developed and approved by the Amelioration JSC and is

acceptable to the World Bank.

A RPF was developed in 2007 to cover the first Water Supply and Sanitation Project as a whole, as part of

Bank screening procedures. The RPF concludes that there should be no justification for moving PAPs

dwellings or other fixed assets and that the majority of cases will involve land used for arable or livestock

grazing.

The procedure envisioned by the RPF involves the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) determining the legal

status of affected lands and then determining the compensation mechanism, taking into account that users

may not actually have legal tenure or permissions to use the affected land. The final step involves agreement

and payment of compensation to PAPs at the stage of detailed design and before construction commences.

The compensation could take several forms, involving land swap or monetary payment and should be

determined and undertaken in accordance with the provisions of the RPF..

36

3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.1 Problem StatementSiyazan is located at the South-east foothills of the Greater Caucasus Mountains. The rayon center is 103 km

north of Baku. The total area of the rayon is 759 sq km. The region comprises of 1 town and 33 villages

with a total population of 37,100 people according to the population census of year 2009. This makes a

population density of approximately 53 persons per km2. There are 22,600 people in Siyazen town, the

administrative center of the rayon.

Relief declines from south-west to north east towards Caspian Sea (from 1000-1200m to minus 27.0 m). The

mountainous area is characterized with hilly relief. Siyezen rayon is situated in the contact zone of Greater

Caucasus mountain wrinkle and Gusar-Devechi foothill plain; people are mainly settled on plain area.

Hydrological resources comprise Atachay, Gilgilchay and Garachay. These are intermittent rivers (especially

in summer) and fed with precipitation, spring and condensation waters. The rivers have generated debris

cones in plain area, and they do not have hydrogeological importance in the formation of ground waters.

Gilgichay takes its source from 1980 m height, has a length of 72 km, a river basin of 733 km2, and an

annual flow of 0.85 m3/s. Atachay takes its source from 1870 m height; its length is 45 km and its catchment

basin is 347 km2.

The rayon is characterized with semi-desert and dry-steppe climate related to temperature and amount of

precipitation. This kind of climate has little rainfall, warm winter and, dry and hot summer. The average

annual temperature is 12,5 °C in the area. The coldest month is January, but the average temperature is not

below zero in this month. The hottest months are July and August, when temperatures can approach 40°C.

Winter temperature can fall to -18 °C in January. Average annual perennial precipitation is 308 mm. The

distribution of the precipitation within a year varies highly especially within the dry summer season and the

rainy autumn which 37% of annual precipitation is observed. Snow cover is not stable in the area. Annual

values of relative humidity range between 64-84%1.

There are no water sources on the territory of the rayon. Siyazan town as well as some neighbor villages are

supplied from Baku I and II water pipeline. There are no meters at water intake and distribution points. The

existing water supply system is based on 5 pumping stations and 2 reservoirs (one with the capacity of 800

m3 and another 700 m3.) which are situated on a hill above the town.

The majority of water is taken from the old Baku 1 pipeline build in 1917..

1 The climatologic information is provided from the Gizil Burun (Siyazan) meteorological station37

This line takes ground and spring waters from Shollar village area(Near Khudat city) to Baku for a distance

of 180-200 km. Amount of water taken from the source makes approx. 1.25- 1.27 m3/s and as result of

water intake by residential areas on its way the amount of water reduces for around 25% and makes up 1

m3/s near Baku.

There are 3 pumps operational at the 3 different pump stations - one pump is permanently defective. As these

Pumping Stations are situated at 10-12 masl the pumps of the Stations 1 (315 m3/h / H=40m) and 3 (40m3/h

/ H=20m) supply parts of the network in the lower areas of Siyezen up to the railway line. The pump in

Pumping Station 2 with 180m3/h and maximum head 340 m is used for supply of the reservoirs at the other

upper end of the town. This causes high energy costs and is used only temporarily. The reservoir feeding

pipeline through the town is also used for direct supply of some areas – by pump (when operated) or by

gravity from the reservoirs.

Water is also supplied from Baku II water pipeline. This pipeline is constructed in 1956 and takes ground

waters of 2.65cub.m/s) capacity to Baku from around Khachmaz region

The municipal water supply and distribution network was commissioned in 1954-1966 (~6 km) and

tremendously expanded in 1978-1988 (~29 km). The network has slightly grown 1998-2000 (4,1 km) and

2006-2009 (2,8 km). Total length of existing supply and distribution lines is ~51 km. The distribution lines

possess diameters between 50 and 250 mm.

One of the water reservoirs situated on a local top of the hillside is made of concrete having a volume of 700

m3. Within the brick wood enclosure of an old reservoir a steel tank with 800 m3 capacity was constructed

as second reservoir which is actually not functional. Both tanks are filled and distribute their water by a

manually operated Water Distribution Center located some meters below the reservoirs.

The number of people served by the water supply network in Siyazan town is 12,200 persons, which is 54 %

of total population. Water quality tests taken during the project preparation shows compliance with GOST

2874-82 -“potable water” standards, except that bacteriological and turbidity standards are not met. Waters

supply is constrained to 8 hours a day. 1,290 water meters have been installed.

Below is given map scheme of existing WS system taken from FS document.

Place of existing water reservoir is given in Figure 3.238

Figure 3.1 Existing WS system in Siyazan

39

Figure 3.2. Existing water reservoir

Due to the topographic conditions sewerage collection by gravity is possible in Siyezen. The existing

sewerage network has a diameter of 100-300 mm and consists mainly of asbestos cement (~13,8 km). It was

reported that at least 9 km of these pipes have expired their lifetime and must be replaced. Some sections of

the sewer network are made of steel (~2.1 km) and have significant problems with corrosion and breakdown.

Siyezen Sukanal operates and maintains its sewerage network and its mechanical wastewater treatment plant

through its own department. Only a few main sewers are operational and the condition of the secondary

network is very bad. The percent of the town population that is connected to sewer system is approximately

15-20%, and the percentage that benefits from the sewer system is declining as the system itself deteriorates.

More and more parts of the network seem to get out of order.

The majority of Siyazan inhabitants and surrounding villages use actually pits on their properties or drainage

channels to dispose their sewerage.

The facilities for mechanical treatment of wastewater are in very poor condition so that rehabilitation is not

suitable. An asbestos cement pipe DN500 leads treated wastewater to a main channel of the agricultural

drainage system. A site for a new WWTP was proposed by the local authorities which is located at a good

place for a centralized sewer network.

40

Further investigation concerning the opportunity to reuse of some existing sewers and the geological

conditions of the future WWTP site will be necessary.

The main economic activities in the rayon are oil and gas industry. Gravel and pebble construction

materials as well as building blocks are produced in the rayon. Agriculture is intensively developed,

specifically in poultry farming and grain-growing. Private and village farms are engaged in cattle-breeding.

The number of cattle in Siyazan city is almost 3150. Almost 50 % of the employed people work in the public

sector. The average monthly salary in Siyazan (including public and private sectors) is 252.3 AZN in 2009.

Six large and medium and 6 small industrial and 2 agricultural enterprises have facilities in the rayon.

The following problems exist:

General

Depletion of existing WSS assets due to lack of sustainable investments and insufficient capacities for

Operation and Maintenance (O&M)

Little appreciation of public infrastructure sector and its organizations due to bad quality and service –

consumers implement their individual solutions without a general concept

Provisional solutions become permanent solutions – mostly in consequence of damages and due to the

limited budgets

Low awareness of hygienic interrelations of water supply, wastewater disposal and livestock farming

cause high rates of water borne diseases

Major WSS supply lines and other facilities often affected by landslides and earthquakes

Water Supply

Lack of mechanism for application of legislation to water withdrawal from Water Transmission

Pipelines,

No sound legal protection of future investments

Limited number and capacity of water supply pumps and reservoirs – no extension according to

growth of population and industry

Damages caused by great age, low material quality and insufficient installation depth of pipes lead to

high losses within the water distribution network

Interrupted water supply and temporarily empty pipes cause bad water quality at house connections

(bacteria, sediments, rust etc.)

Hygienic problems by private water storage tanks

New water supply lines/areas were implemented on the standards of the old systems i.e. regular steel

pipes and manually operated pumps and valves

41

Manual operation of the water distribution system – no automation and control

Preference of gravity flow systems and bad reputation of pumps – as high manual effort and energy

cost necessary to operate the existing old pumps.

Wastewater

Wastewater collection, treatment and discharge is considered to be of minor importance compared to

water supply facilities – low priority and nearly no investments since 1990

Damages of existing sewers results in irregular wastewater flows at the surface

Too few shafts causing very limited access to existing sewer network

No equipment for maintenance and repair – no chance for troubleshooting

Sewerage disposal in unlined pits leads to pollution of ground and surface water – as private wells are

also used for water supply this constitutes a serious health risk

Sludge disposal from pits and septic tanks is done illegally outside the municipal area

Socio-Economic Situation

Low connection rate (50-70%) to public water supply network – many people are used to living with

little water as they must carry it for a longer distance or buy it from tank trucks

Low connection rate (15-20% of population) to wastewater system

Bathrooms not common in the Rayon towns – improvement requires modification or extension of the

houses and will depend on economic possibilities of the owners

Toilets mostly outdoor using open pits without flushing – future connection to a new sewer system

will depend on personal interest and require private investments

Popular cohabitation with livestock within the urban settlement without sufficient disposal of

excrements

Institutional Situation

Low level of support for Local Sukanal (water agency) Departments by central organizations and

institutions, and very limited provision of know how, equipment, vehicles etc. from central

departments.

Institutional complexity and dependency on central organizations and institutions inhibits solutions

and investments on Rayon level

National Water Supply Tariffs are not cost-effective to cover necessary investments – for better water

quality and 24hour supply the majority of consumers need to agree to higher rates. The current tariff

rates apply to a normative demand which is much higher than actual.

Value and qualification of Rayon Sukanal staff are affected by the need of manual handling and

trouble shooting. They are not in line with future O&M requirements.

42

Scepticism of villages concerning incorporation by the cities and/or integration by larger WSS

organizations – disadvantages due to limited independency and priority of the city.

The management structure and skills of Sukanals are poorly aligned for operating as a service

industry.

There is an immediate need to address these issues through development and implementation of an efficient

and effective WSS system that is affordable to local communities and which meets the needs of the range of

stakeholders that it must serve.

3.2. Project Description

The Government of Azerbaijan planned the implementation of National Water Supply and Sanitation Project

with the financial assistance of World Bank since 2007. The second phase of the same project was approved

on 27 May 2008 as Second National Water Supply and Sanitation Project (SNWSSP). The implementing

agency of this second phase project is Azerbaijan Amelioration and Water Farm JSC (Amelioration JSC).

The general objective of this Project is to improve the availability, quality, reliability, and sustainability of

water supply and sanitation (WSS) services in 16 of Azerbaijan's regional (rayon) centers. Better

infrastructure services of the secondary towns and cities shall be implemented to improve living conditions,


The Feasibility Study was conducted by the Siyazan water project in 2010. In the project documentation it is

indicated that the primary objective of the project is to improve the health and livelihoods of the urban

communities through the provision of safe, potable quality and adequate water supply and sanitation.

The Project contains 3 components:

A1: Rayon Investment component, which will finance priority investments in the WSS sector, such as

the rehabilitation and extension of WSS systems, including facilities for wastewater and septic sludge

treatment in rayon centers across Azerbaijan;

B1: Institutional Modernization component which will support development and implementation of an

Institutional Development Plan (IDP) for Azersu and its subsidiary companies and State Amelioration

and Water Management Agency (SAWMA), to improve the operational efficiency and sustainability

of WSS services;

C1: Project Implementation and Management component, which will support project implementation

by financing project management activities including Incremental Operating Costs due to the project,

training, and annual audits of the project and entity accounts and financial statements.

The November 2003 Presidential Decree No: 3 requires the Cabinet of Ministers to undertake measures for

elimination of socio economic problems and to apply the norms of the European Social Charter. The 43

proposed WSS project falls squarely within the scope of the Decree. The national WSS norms state that

water supply to the population shall be 24 hour coverage of potable quality and delivered to the consumer at

the appropriate pressure. These norms accord with the European Social Charter.

The Government’s sector policies, strategy and development are based on a National WSS Strategy (2000),

which recommended the setting up of ‘Autonomous Commercially-Run Utilities, under the Regulatory

Control of Local Government. In secondary towns, these utilities, known as SuKanals (Secondary towns

water supply agency, prefixed by town name to designate the local branch – Siyazan SuKanal refers to the

agency in the town of Siyazan), were to be transformed into financially self-sufficient institutions eventually

be able to attract the private sector to participate in their operation and management. This was followed by a

Presidential Decree No. 893 of March 2002, which further set out the sector development approach. This

Decree promotes private section participation, an improved tariff system, metering of water supply and

revision of the accounting systems.

The following indicators will be followed:

Secure supply with potable water meeting World Health Organization (WHO) and/or national quality

standards

Continuous water supply for 24 hours per day

Supply of each user with sufficient water for domestic needs

Water distribution system workable under operational pressures with low leakage rates

Safe collection and treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater and reduction of aquifer pollution

Compliance of water supply facilities, sewer system and wastewater treatment plant with international

and/or Azeri standards.

Affordable water supply and sanitation prices for consumers and within determined service tariffs

Minimum use of natural resources to keep the impact of WSS measures on the environment at

minimum level during implementation and maintenance.

The Project aims to achieve its objectives through:

Implementation of a new, efficient and appropriately sized water and sanitation infrastructure by

rehabilitation of existing facilities and construction of new ones where this is necessary.

Determine the operational bottlenecks of the water and sanitation system and develop project

proposals to improve efficiency

Strengthening of local know how and capacity to deliver and maintain these services

Developing a sense of local ownership through community participation

44

The water source for the proposed project in Siyazan rayon is the Baku Water Transmission Lines. As

indicated above, laboratory water tests, except bacteriological, taken during the project preparation shows

compliance with GOST 2874-82 -“potable water”.

The designed water demand for Siyazan has been determined by the Feasibility Study as 64.16l/s, which

includes 60.0 l/s for domestic purposes of 28800 person(180 l./c/.d), 2.49 l/s for agricultural purposes and 1.6

l/s for industrial / commercial purposes.

The research of Geology Institute of National Academy of Science indicates that during last 80 year period

no qualitative and quantitative changes have been observed in the source of water of Baku I and II pipelines

The total capacity of both Baku water supply lines is 4000 l/s which is 60 times higher than proposed water

abstraction amount for Siyazan. This demonstrates the sustainability of the use of this water source. Also,

this means that sustainable water supply will be provided for all users by this water source.

Three new pumping stations which will be equipped with 2 main + 1 auxiliary pumps and the power

requirements of each pipe are 30, 30 and 11 kW. One pumping station will elevate the water taken from

Baku I to the Second Pumping Station. The water taken from Baku II and pumped water to the Second

Pumping Station will be pumped by the Second Pumping Station to the first water reservoir. The water

requirement of the second zone will be pumped by the third pumping station to the second water reservoir.

Figure 3.3 Proposed place of location of reservoir 1

Within the scope of the Project, polyethylene corrugated pipes will be laid to create a wastewater network

and a new Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) will be constructed approximately 2 km away from the

town center. The land required for the WWTP belongs to the Municipality.

45

General characteristics of the WTTP are as below:

Population Equivalent to be Served: 34 000 person (2030)

Daily Flow: 7, 000 m3/d

Dry Weather Peak Flow: 118l/s

Rainy Weather Peak Flow: 167l/s

The extended aeration process with sludge drying beds is selected by the Consultant as the project

proposal for the system for treatment of wastewater of Siyezen.

The WWTP will consist of the following main components:

Inlet pumping station

Faecal sludge acceptance station

Fine screen

Aerated grit and grease removal

Activated sludge tank

Final sedimentation tank

Return and excess sludge pumping station

Pre- thickener

Sludge drying bed

These components are detailed as follows:

Inlet Pumping Station

Due to topographic properties, the study area is relative flat, an inlet pumping station has to be erected to

ensure that the water flows through the WWTP by gravity. The inlet sewer ends in the pump sump. The inlet

pumps convey the wastewater to the screen channel which has the highest water level of the WWTP.

For the inlet pumping station centrifugal pumps have been chosen because of their relative little space

demand and robustness. Two duty pumps with capacity of 85 l/s and one standby pump with same capacity

will be installed in the screen building (dry installation). Steering of the pumps will be accomplished by

means of fixed level set points installed in the pump sump. Here the water level will be measured

continuously. In case that the water level is exceeding a first pre-set level the first pump will start operation.

In case the water level is still increasing and reaching the second pre-set level, the second pump will

additionally start operation. The capacity of both pumps is sufficient to cope with the maximum flow led to

46

the WWTP by the sewerage network during wet weather flow. In case the water led to the WWTP by the

sewerage system during wet weather is exceeding the maximum pump capacity, an overflow in the pump

sump will discharge the excess water into a bypass pipe leading to the outlet of the WWTP.

Faecal Sludge Acceptance Station

Faecal sludge from houses not connected to the new public sewerage system (especially in the first years)

will be brought by suction trucks to the WWTP. The pipe of the truck will be connected to a faecal sludge

acceptance station which consists of a fine screen with 6 mm bar spacing. The screenings will be pressed and

disposed in a container, the sludge flows into a buffer tank. The faecal sludge acceptance station has a

capacity of 100 m³/h. That means that a truck with 10 m³ load can be emptied within approx. 6 minutes.

After the screen the sludge will flow into a buffer tank which offers sufficient space (40 m³) to empty the

tank during 7 h/d at night time by means of submersible feeding pumps (one duty and one standby pump)

with a capacity of 2 l/s each. The sludge will be pumped into the screen channel behind the screen. The

buffer tank which will be built next to the inlet pump sump will be covered with a concrete slab in order to

avoid odour and nuisance. Pipes for ventilation will be led over the roof of the screen building.

Screen

One compact screen consisting of an automatic screen with integrated washpress and screenings conveyor is

envisaged. For a WWTP of this size two screens are deemed to be uneconomic. For emergency cases a by-

pass channel will be built. The fine screen and the screenings container will be installed in a screen building.

The wastewater will flow through the fine screen with 6 mm bar spacing to withdraw the coarse and fine

materials for saving the following plant components. The clearance of the screen is carried out automatically

in case the water level difference before and behind the screen exceeds a pre-installed value. The screenings

will be washed, pressed and conveyed to a container. The integrated press will reduce the screenings volume

to approximately 50%. The quantity of pressed screenings is approximately 0.9 m³/d. One container of 3 m³

is sufficient for 6.4 days. The containers are located on small lorries by which they can be brought out of the

building. Container trucks can now pick them up for disposal at a landfill.

In case of failure the water level in front of the screens rises up and the wastewater flows in a by-pass

channel where a screen with a bar spacing of 40 mm is installed. The screen is cleaned by hand. For

maintenance purposes the screen channel is equipped with stop logs.

Aerated Grit and Grease Chamber

For the removal of grit and grease one combined aerated grit and grease chamber will be built. Retention

time at wet weather flow is approx. 10 min. To improve the transportation of grease into the foreseen

chamber and the separation of sand and organic matter the grit chamber is equipped with a coarse bubble 47

aerating system. This is separated in two sections over the grit chamber length with different air transmission

volumes to avoid disturbances in settling processes in the final part of the grit chamber. The design envisages

an air demand of 0.5 Nm³/m³/h which is deemed to be suitable in order to avoid unintended reduction of

BOD5 which is required for denitrification. One blower and one standby aggregate will be installed in the

screen building.

Grease and oil is collected on the surface of the grease chamber that is separated from the grit chamber by

means of vertically mounted stilling rakes. The rakes are fixed at a concrete diving wall that prevents grease

and oil from flowing back into the grit chamber. The floated grease is pushed towards the grease hopper by

means of a scraper that is mounted at the scraper bridge. When the bridge has reached the hopper a penstock

is opening to lead the grease into the hopper. Simultaneously, the grease pump is starting for transporting the

mixture into a grease container located in the screen building.

The grit is removed from the collecting channel at the tank bottom by a suction pump mounted on the bridge.

The sand/water mixture is pumped via a channel located on one side into a pumping pit. From there a

submersible pump transports the sand/water mixture into the grit classifier.

The grit classifier which is located in the screen building will separate sand from water. The dewatered sand

is transported directly into a 1 m³ container. The separated water is brought back into the screens outlet flow

by gravity. The daily quantity of grit amounts to 0.4 m³/d. The grit will be disposed at a landfill.

Flow Measurement

Inflow will be measured by a Venturi channel which will be located behind the grit and grease chamber. The

measuring device consists of one sensor for the measurement of the water level in combination with a

standard Khafagiventuri form. The documentation of the current flow situation as well as the recording of the

daily water volume is to be provided from the flow measurement. The current flow will also be used for the

control of the proportional return sludge flow. The measurement of inflow reflects the actual hydraulic load

of the activated sludge tanks better than the outflow measurement because of delay-effects.

Activated Sludge Tank

The activated sludge tanks (AST) are designed for a sludge age of 21.6 days which is necessary for

simultaneous aerobic sludge stabilization (extended aeration) and nitrogen removal , according to

internationally acknowledged German guideline DWA-A-131.

A relative small nutrient food to mass ratio of 0.04 kgBOD5/kgDS is necessary to be sufficient to meet the

required treatment standard. Two circular tanks with a volume of approx. 4,800 m³ each will be constructed.

The total volume amounts to approx. 11,300 m³. The depth of the tanks will be 5.00 m.

48

Nitrogen removal is based on aerated (nitrification) and unaerated (denitrification) zones or phases which

change periodically. Circular tanks have been chosen because they offer optimum conditions for intermittend

denitrification which requires completely mixed tanks. Intemittend denitrification which means that

nitrification and denitrification phases alternate in time in one reactor has been chosen because control and

steering of this process is not complicate and also offers big operational flexibility. The duration of the

different phases will be determined by measuring the break in the redox potential.

The tanks will be equipped with fine bubble panel aerators which allow for a good oxygen transfer capacity

and therefore provide an advantageous efficiency. The oxygen concentration will be measured and controlled

in each tank. A free oxygen concentration of 2 mg/l will be maintained. Oxygen input into the wastewater

will be steered by the flexible capacity of the blowers equipped with frequency converters. The blowers will

be accommodated in an adjacent blower station.

During unaerated phases the sludge has to be prevented from settling on the tank bottom by stirring devices.

Due to the low occupancy rate of the aerators (typical for plants with extended aeration) the stirring devices

will also stay in operation during aerated phases. Each tank will be equipped with 2 submersible mixers with

diameter 2.50 m.

The mixed liquor suspended solids value (MLSS) which can be maintained by the return sludge ratio of 0.75

amounts to 3.78 gDS/l. The daily excess sludge produced amounts to approximately 147 m³/d at the start of

operation in 2013 and 221 m³/d at the end of operation in 2030.

Equal inflow to each tank is accomplished by a distribution chamber with overflow weirs. In case of

emergency shut down inflow can be closed by a gate valve. The water level of each tank is determined by the

water level in the final sedimentation tank. Also the outlet pipe has to be closed by a gate valve in emergency

case.

- Blower Station

Three duty blowers with a suction volume (under operational conditions) of approx. 1,950 m³/h each and one

standby blower with same capacity have been chosen. All blowers will be connected to one air pipe which

branches in the further course to the activated sludge tanks. Two of the blowers will be equipped with

frequency converters with a range of 36-100%. This allows for a steeples range of the aeration of 1:8.3. The

minimum range acc. DWA-A-131 is 1:7.

Total suction air capacity (under operational conditions) amounts to approx. 5,850 m³/h which is approx.

4,990 Nm³/h. All aggregates will be installed in the blower station adjacent to the activated sludge tanks. The

peak oxygen demand of wastewater is approx. 299 kgO2/h.

49

- Final Sedimentation Tank (FST)

One tank with an internal diameter of 26.00 m and a depth of 4.00 m will be built with a total volume of

approx. 2,100 / 1,800 / 2,200 / 2,000 m³. Two tanks are not deemed to be economical for a WWTP of this

size. Also the diameters of 2 tanks would be smaller than 20 m which is the limit for horizontal flow. The

tanks would have to be to designed for vertical flow which requires much deeper tanks. Also breakdown of a

scraper bridge is a rather seldom event.

The task of the FST is the proper separation of the purified wastewater from the activated sludge. The sludge,

under the influence of gravity, will settle on the bottom of the FST from where it will be pushed into the

centre of the tank by a rotating rake in preparation for the sludge removal. This sludge will then, to a large

extent, conveyed back into the biological stage, whereby ultimately the desired concentration of biomass in

the biological process will be achieved.

Inflow of water into FST is provided via a culvert into the feed well. In order to achieve an uniform

discharge and loading of the final sedimentation tank, an even distribution of the sludge-water mixture

through the central structure will be ensured by Stengel-type inlets installed here.

A one sided rake is designed for the purpose of clearing the settled activated sludge on the tank floor. The

anticipated floor inclination of the final sedimentation tank is 1:15 which will facilitate the sludge removal

by the bottom rake. The clearing bridge is mounted on the middle plate and running on the side wall of the

final sedimentation tank. The rake is designed in such a way to provide a sufficient removal volume in the

sludge hopper to avoid insufficient oxygen supply to the activated sludge or even sludge bulking.

The scum that occurs within the final sedimentation tank is to be withdrawn by a skim channel. A

submersible pump, installed within the skim channel in a small pit conveys the scum via a collecting pressure

pipe into the return and excess sludge. pump station. Here it will be mixed intensively with the return and

surplus sludge.

The effluent water withdrawal from the final sedimentation tank will take place via a spillway which can be

overflowed from both sides, with a submersed baffle wall in front of it. The runoff from the effluent water

channel is led to the outlet of the WWTP.

- Return Sludge Pump Station

The task of the return sludge pumping station is the back pumping of the biological sludge from the final

sedimentation tanks to the activated sludge tanks in order to maintain the mixed liquor suspended solids

concentration in the activated as constant as possible. Two duty and one standby submersible centrifugal

sludge pumps will be installed. Each of the pumps will have a delivery of maximal 85 l/s. By means of

frequency converters a constant return sludge ratio of 0.75 will be ensured. The required flow rate is

provided by the inlet flow measuring device in combination with the return sludge measurement by an MID-

device installed in the sludge inlet pipe. The return sludge will be pumped into the distribution chamber prior

to the activated sludge tanks. There the return sludge and the incoming wastewater will be mixed intensively.

50

- Excess Sludge Pump Station

Excess sludge will be sucked from the return sludge pump sump and pumped to the gravity pre-thickener.

The amount of sludge which will be withdrawn from the system will be determined by the operation time of

the pump. The MLSS value in the aeration tanks will be measured in fixed intervals. The pumps will start

operation in case the MLSS concentration in the aeration tanks is higher than the given value or will be shut

down in case of a lower MLSS concentration. One duty and one standby submersible excess sludge pumps

will be installed with a capacity of 10 / 8 / 9 / 8 l/s each.

- Gravity Pre-Thickener

One thickener with a volume of 196 m³ is envisaged.

The pre-thickener is used to reduce the water content of the withdrawn excess sludge from the activated

sludge tanks. This will considerably reduce the hydraulic load of the following sludge drying beds. The

thickener consists mainly of a cylindrical part with a bottom inclination of 1:10 and a small hopper. The

sludge is settling down and brought into the hopper by means of a sludge scraper.

The removal of supernatant from the thickener takes place by means of a one-sided overflow weir. The

supernatant flows by gravity to the channel upstream of the distribution chamber of the activated sludge

tanks. To avoid clogging the pipes are rinseable. The feeding of surplus sludge to the thickener is carried out

by the excess sludge pumps (described above) centrally into the consolidation zone. The retention time in the

consolidation zone is approx. 36 h.. The sludge withdrawal from the thickener will be provided by means of

a sludge pumping pit attached to the thickener from which the sludge is pumped to the sludge drying beds by

one duty and one standby pump with 10 l/s capacity each.

- Sludge Drying Bed

For dewatering and drying the sludge will be pumped to a sludge drying bed. With a chosen dry solids load

of 120 kgDS/m² the dry solids content will reach approx. 40 %. The total area which will be divided in 4

units amounts to 5,920 m². The usable height is 1.80 m. The bottom will be used as a filter. The top layer

which serves as a wearing surface will be 20 cm sand which has to be renewed from time to time. The filter

below the top layer consists of three layers of sand-gravel mixture with grain size 0-12 mm, gravel 18-25

mm and coarse gravel up to 60 mm grin size in which a drainage pipe is laid. Below the filter a clay layer of

35 cm with permeability of kf < 10^-8 m/s has to be placed for protection of groundwater from

contamination. The clay layer is not necessary in case the permeability of the existing soil (minimum 35 cm)

is already below 10^-8 m/s. The supernatant which is in the order of less than 1 l/s flows back to the inlet

pumping station by gravity. The dried sludge will be removed by a tractor or a wheel loader. For this reason

tracks of concrete will be envisaged in the sludge drying beds.

- Administration Building incl. Laboratory and Workshop

An administration and maintenance building will be built in the site of the WWTP. This building will include

all facilities required for properly operating the plant. For this reason it is located in an appropriate and

central place, with view and easy access to all treatment units. On the other hand there is enough distance to

51

possible odour sources like sludge treatment The building will include offices, laboratory, control room,

workshop, stores, showers and sanitary facilities, dressing rooms, kitchen, and meeting room. The building

will be alimented with electricity and potable water.

- Power Supply and Emergency Power Supply

The required electrical power has been calculated as 199 kW. The detailed calculation is presented in the

annex. For case of power failure a diesel generator set will be installed which will cover the emergency

power supply of 111 kW. The generator set will be accommodated in a separate small building with

dimensions like a garage.

Gauff and Temelsu JV proposes to use the numbers for non-sensitive areas which means that the WWTPs

will be designed also for elimination of carbonaceous matter

.Elimination of phosphorus by chemical precipitation with ferric or aluminum salts is not envisioned .

The reasons are as follows:

The limited budget, investments on the water sector are deemed to have a greater benefit for the

population than establishing a very sophisticated wastewater treatment

The elimination of P requires higher skills from the personnel operating the plant

The possibility to use the effluent in the future for irrigation purposes

This process will allow to provide needed quality of treated waters with possibility of further their use for

irrigation and also use of sludge in agriculture.

Therefore project FS Document proposes the effluent limit values as presented in the table below(Table

3.1):

Table 3.1. Effluent Standards proposed for Design

Parameter (Unit) Non-Sensitive Area

BOD5 Mg/l 25

COD Mg/l 125

TSS Mg/l 35

N,tot Mg/l --

P,tot Mg/l --

The requirements for sludge treatment proposed by the Consultant are stabilization of sludge and dry solids

content of approx. 20% - 25%. which can be achieved by sludge drying beds.

By year 2030 a population equivalent main indicator will be of 34,000 people PE served by the WWTP..

52

Mainly planned in the project the extended aeration system is feasible from economic and exploitation

implementation point of view and is characterised with a low probability of accidents as in this variant a

heated septic reservoir and utilization of gas is not required.

The proposed place of location of new waste water treatment facilities is given illustrated in Figure 3. 4

Figure 3. 4 Proposed place of location of new waste water treatment facilities

Daily, Sludge produced in the Plant sludge will be dried daily in drying beds. According to Item 3.7, 3 rd

Article, Azerbaijan Republic Cabinet of Ministers Decision about Sanitary Rules, Hygiene and

Environmental Specifications Based Cities and Other Cities and Other Populated Areas Treatment,

Temporary Domestic Waste Storage, Regular Removal and Neutralization Guidelines dated 21 April 2005

No. 74, landfill disposal of solid domestic waste of hazardous and safe (intra-sedimental) industrial waste

and waste which can be recycled (repeatedly used ) is prohibited. Accordingly, sludge will be stored within

the Plant and will be used in agricultural activities during the season. In that case the chemical content of

sludge to be used in agriculture must meet requirements of sludge content environmental control standard

presently effective in Azerbaijan.

53

According to health statistics of Siyazen Rayon between 2000 and 2009, the most common waterborne

disease is viral hepatitis. Its occurrence is app. 4.8 in a year. Acute intestinal infections, dysentery and

salmonellas follow viral hepatitis with 2.5, 0.8 and 0.5 occurrences in a year respectively. Waterborne

diseases are expected to decrease in time with the upgrade of infrastructure facilities in the rayon.

3.3 Project area and the location of project infrastructure to be included.

Siyazan rayon center which is project area has been located in the north-east of the Greater

Caucasus. Siyazan territory consists of plain-foothill and highland zones(See Figure 3.5).

54

Figure 3.5. Map of location of Siyazan region

55

The project in Siyazan doesn’t include any adjacent villages to the proposed water resources. Therefore the

project service area has been considered to be only the Siyazan city center for the water supply system.

The project service area for which the sewage disposal project has been prepared consists of the Siyezen

rayon center. In additionally, in future a separate sewerage collector might be connected to the wastewater

treatment plant from Buyukhemye Village. Therefore only Buyukhemye Village will be included in the

design of the wastewater treatment plant.

Land use in Siyazan is illustrated in Figure 3.6. . Below is given division of the rayon territory to different

areas depending on water sources, land use and type of economical activity(Figure 3.6).

Figure 3.6. Land use and economic areas in Siyazan region

A map of the location of existing and proposed water and waste water infrastructure identified in the in the

FS document infrastructure are given in the ANNEXES I-IV

56

3.4. Legal and Institutional Strengthening

Existing Organization: Services related to sewerage system and storm water are under the responsibility of

Local Birleshmish SuKanal Authority. The Siyezen Su-Kanal Department operates with a staff of 7

administrative and 41 operational personnel..

The project Feasibility Study underlines the importance of strengthening the Institutional Structure. The

main proposal for the organization is to separate Siyazan Su Kanal Department from the central

organizations like AZERSU and Birleshmish Su Kanal in order to have an efficient and operational

management structure.

Existing organizational structure of the Siyazan Su Kanal Department is proposed to be kept mainly as it is.

However some small modifications within the organization structure have been proposed to be realized in

order to improve the Siyazan Su Kanal Department. As a must, the constructed wastewater treatment plant

will require a few skilled staff, like plant director, engineer/chemist and a technician, and ordinary workers.

The technician and workers for the wastewater treatment plant could be selected and trained from the

existing staff of the Siyazan Su Kanal Department. Besides that a part time Information Technologies

Specialist (IT Specialist) is proposed to assist to the Siyazan Su Kanal Department Head. IT specialist will

assist to the installation and development of information technologies within the organization. (See Figure

3.7 for the extended units of the Organizational Structure of the Siyazan Su Kanal Department)

57

Figure 3.7. Proposed organization diagram of siyazan su kanal deparment(fs)

58

4. BASELINE DATA

4.1. Bio-physical description of project area

Relief and geological structure

Siyazan region is situated on the north-east slope of Greater Caucasus mountains of the same natural region.

The area of the region have complex relief condition. Flat, foothills and mountainous relief forms are

distributed here. Absolute altitude changes between 28 m and 2205 m.

The Flat part of the area is on Samur-Devechi lowland. The Caspian coast side of this lowland is situated

below ocean-level. The lowland is of accumulative origin and covered with sea sedimentary rocks of forth

age. Towards the west from the lowland the absolute altitude increases and flat relief is replaced with

plateaus, low and middle relief forms.

The main part of the region is on the Front Caucasus tectonic landing zone (Gusar-Devechi synclinorium)

and only the west mountainous part is on Greater Caucasus tectonic ascend zone (Tenge-Beshbarmag

anticlinorium).

Siyazan region is situated on magnitude 7 seismic zone. The geological structure of the area is complex.

There are two geological Age of Mammals and Age of Reptiles rocks that are mentioned in Azerbaijan. Age

of Mammals rocks are distributed more widely. They are mainly represented by third and fourth age rocks

(clays, sand stones, sahels, etc.).

Fourth age rocks are distributed on the east side, the third age rocks on the central side and Chalk aged rocks

of the Age of Reptiles on the west side. The whole area of region is covered with sedimentary rocks.

Climate

According to the climate condition, the area of Siyazan region can be divided into two parts. semi-desert and

dry climate type is superior on the east side of the region where plains predominate flats are widely spread,

and temperate warm climate type is superior on the west side where mountain mountains predominate relief

forms are widely spread (as per Keppens’ classification).

On the area that is situated on semi-desert and temperate warm climate type the average annual rainfall

quantity reaches 300-350 mm in the semi-desert region of the rayon; this forms 30-35% of the possible

evaporation quantity. Precipitation is distributed irregularly during the year. Most precipitation (70%) falls

in the cold period (October-March) of the year. The summer is warm and winter is moderate. The average

annual temperature of the weather is 12-13ºC. The area has big thermal resources.

Table 4.1 describes average monthly and annual amounts of the main climate elements of Siyazan region and

on Pic. 4.1 wind flower is given. . Climate information about Siyazan region is given according to the

Siyazan meteorological station. As it seems from Pic. 4.1 the north-west winds predominate are superior in

the region.

59

Table 4.1. Average monthly and annual amounts of the main climate elements (according to the Siyazan station information H=26 m)

№ Name of element I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Annual

1

Weather temperature, C0

a) average 1,4 2,0 4,4 9,5 16,0 21,0 24,3 24,0 19,9 14,2 8,7 4,1 12,5

b) absolute maximum 24 24 28 34 35 40 40 41 39 36 28 21 41

v) absolute minimum -18 -17 -9 -4 1 5 10 10 5 -4 -9 -14 -18

2 Rainfalls, mm 27 21 26 27 18 19 16 13 32 38 43 28 308

3 Wind speed, m/s 4,3 4,2 4,6 5,0 4,3 4,6 4,6 5,0 4,6 4,2 4,3 4,1 4,5

4Absolute humidity of the

weather, mb6,1 6,1 6,8 9,3 13,4 16,8 20,3 20,4 17,0 12,8 9,4 6,9 12,1

5Relative humidity of the

weather, %84 84 82 77 73 65 64 66 72 80 82 83 76

6 Humidity deficit, mb 1,2 1,2 1,6 3,2 5,6 9,7 11,3 10,5 6,8 3,4 2,0 1,5 4,8

60

Figure 4.1. Wind flower (according to the Siyazan station information)

Soil types

The height zoning is clearly seen in the distribution of soil types over the area.

In the arid and semiarid landscapes of the investigated area irrigated soils, sewage soils, boharic soils and

practically not cultivated versions of the meadow-brown, meadow-forest, meadow-grey-brown, grey-brown,

meadow-grey, flow-meadow (alluvial-meadow) soils cover a wide region area.

Information on the main soil types distributed in the area is given in the Table 4.2.

Table 4.2. Distributed soil types in Siyazan region № Soil types Bonitet marks Area, ha1 Mountain-meadow 90.00 3,870.002 Brown mountain-forest 86.00 22,320.003 Meadow brown 85.00 20,070.004 Mountain-grey-brown 59.00 36,720.005 Clay-yellow 94.00 6,840.006 Chestnut (not completely developed) 18.00 14,670.007 Meadow grey (irrigated) 68.00 27,270.008 Grey-brown 42.00 15,840.009 Alluvial-meadow 63.00 13,770.0010 Marshy grassland 71.00 5,940.0011 Sandy place 10.00 8,640.00Total 63.00 175,950.00

61

70% Seventy percent of grey-brown soils, more than 80% of meadow-grey-brown and meadow-forest soils

have been are changed into agro-irrigation landscapes.

Formation of meadow-brown soils is connected with ground waters being situated close to the surface.

Irrigated meadow-brown soils have been completely changed into agrolandscapes.

Ecosystems

Natural landscape types

In Siyazan region there are three main landscape types ( ecosystem types):

1) Flat semi-desert ecosystem

2) Foothills semi-desert ecosystem

3) Forest ecosystem of low mountains

Semi-desert ecosystem of flat areas covers the territory between Samur-Absheron channel and Caspian Sea.

Foothills semi-desert ecosystem is distributed in the middle part of the region (200-600 m heights).

Vegetative cover

Flora

The main part of semi-desert ecosystem plants are consisted of different types of wormwood, ethyl alcohol

ephemmeroids, etc. Depending on the soil-ecological condition of the area, wormwood and ethyl alocohol

ephemmeroids together cover the soil surface from 25-30% up to 70-80%.

In wet years rich rainfall spring season Poa Bulbusa, Dolium rigidum Ejand, Erodium cicaturium, and in dry

years Salsola dendroides are widely distributed. Semi-desert plant yield is not so high and usually changes

falls between 1-7 s/ha.

The low mountain forest zone stretches as a narrow belt between 500-600 m and 800-900 m above sea level

height. At the east of the zone, due to dryness of the climate, the upper border of the forests ascend up to

1200-1400 m (in some areas 1600 m) height. Oak and hornbeam trees are superior in the forests. Georgian

(or Iberian) oak seldom forms pure forest, but mainly with hornbeam and sometimes together with lime-tree.

On flat crests of the low mountain beddings and on gentle slopes there are oak forests. On other areas

basically oak, ash-tree and oak-hornbeam forests predominateare superior.

Due to humidity increase in river valleys and hollows of low mountains lian pistachio-tree and hornbeam

forests are developed.

Under oak and oak-hornbeam forests complex structured little trees and bushes grow.

62

The animal worldFauna

Typical animals of semi-desert and dry fields are wolf, fox, jackal, rabbit, etc. Preyers occur close to sheep-

pens and villages, as well as in open semi-desert areas. Because of fox and jackal being mainly rodent

feeders, they usually live far away from settlements. Grey, chestnut and red coloured small fox (Vulpes

Alpheraklyi) that feeding within insects and rodents are widely spread.

In semi-desert and dry fields from rodents Badger, spotted or polecat (Vormela Sarmatica) and weasel occur.

Field mouse (Microtus Socialis), Red tail mouse (Meriones crythrourusi), Bogdanov field mouse, Williams

arab rabbit, small arab rabbit, grey mountain mouse (Cricetulus Migratorius), house and forest mouse, sand

mouse, rabbit are typical rodents of semi-desert and dry fields. Here, from insect feedings lop-eared

hedgehog, long-tailed white-toothed, stink badger (Pachyure etrusca), considered as the smallest mammallia,

also occur.

In the semi desert zone and dry fields birds include stonebird (Ocnanthe isabelino), crested lark (Alanda

ciristata), grey lark, field lark, red duck, simple dove, etc. can be shown.

Reptiles commonly occur in semi-deserts and arid-denuded low mountains. Tortoise, some types of lizards

including snake-eyed lizard and others, occur.. Snakes are also widely spread: adder (Vipera labitina),

coluber jugularis, venomous snake, blind snake, feeding with insects (Contia collaris).

From amphibians only green land frog (Bufo Viridis) can be shown. There are many types of different

insects.

The mountain forest zone differs dramatically from other semi-desert zone in terms of its fauna landscape-

ecological systems in Siyazan. O. One of the rare animals of the forest zone is the forest cat.

In mountain-forest landscape badger and squirrel are rarely mentioned. Here are some types of mouse like

forest mouse ı, bush mouse, Caucasus mouse), shrew and other rodents are widely spread.

Mountain forests are dwelling place for black woodpecker, three types of many-coloured woodpecker, snow

bird, colourful nightingale, siskin, red throat. There are also water sparrow, long-tailed tomtit (in winter

months), grey eagle owl in this belt.

From Among reptiles, snake, rock lizard, grass-snake are mentioned in this belt.

Mountain forests are also rich with insects (dark blue proserus insect, blue alpine insect), forest bee and

snails.

63

Anthropogenic transformation of natural landscape

60%Sixty percent of semi-desert complexes are occupied by pasture and hayfield, 2,8% by agroirrigation

(18,6% grain, 4,2% vegetable, melon plantation) landscapes, 8,4% by technogen modifications (road,

channel, gas, oil pipe, current lines, etc.), 8,8% by river-beds, gorge, ravine, valley, etc. useless areas.

In the semi-desert zone, pipelines, automobile and rail routes, electrical lines, irrigation channels and other

man-made modifications separate large areas of the natural environment into small parts. In some places

man-made developments (between Gilazi-Zarat) occupy over 25% area of semi-deserts.

Anthropogenic transformation of dry fields . Bushy-fields, second-fields, forest-bushy-fields

differ from each-other according to their anthropogenic degree. Seventy eight percent of The

anthropogenesis of black thorn, wormwood bushy fields forming on grey-brown soils of sloping flats is is

attributable to human activity equal to 0.78%. ; 35% of these complexes are is irrigated garden, 47% is

irrigated garden- plantation, hayfield and 18% are other technogen modifications.

Human activity has converted 85 – 90 percent high sloping plains and terraces to fields Modern

anthropogenesis of high sloping flats, forest-field and fields of river terraces reaches to 0,85 and of weak

decomposited, wide terraced fields to 0,9. Analysis of cartographic information referring to the 20th century

shows that all these fields arose as the result of destruction of old forests where oak was superior.

Anthropogenic transformation of intrazonal landscapes. These complexes differ with their both

high natural dynamic and sharp anthropogenesis. At the beginning of 20th century lowland intrazonal

complexes occupied more than 70% of area only in Samur-Davachi . As a result of anthropogenic

transformation of natural landscapes flat forests have been replaced with forest-bushes, forest-meadows,

bogs, meadows, meadow-bushes and different anthropogenic modifications.

Forest, forest-bushes and forest-meadow complexes These complexes – frequently undergo to

anthropogenic impacts around settlements, big railway and automobile terraces.

Meadow-bog and flat-meadow complexes are one of the most aggravated anthropogenesis units of region.

Average anthropogenesis coefficient changes are between 0,7-0,8.

Underground and surface waters

Surface waters

The main rivers of Siyazan region are Shabranchay, Davachichay and Gilgilchay. At the north of

region the low flow of Valvalachay separates Siyazan from Guba region.

Main chemical content of water of these rivers are given in Table 4.364

Table 4.3. Main chemical content of water of Siyazan rayon rivers

N İon content, mg/eq Dry residue

Type pH

River NCO3 CL SO4 Ca Mg Na

Atachay

4.90 1.90 2.30 3.00 3.00 3.10 0.720 Hydro CarbonSulphate

7.3

Gilgilchay

3.30 1.20 2.30 3.00 2.00 1.80 0.500 Sulphate- HydroCarbom

Both rivers by the information of Ministry of Ecology are polluted at a certain degree.

Main morphometric and flow characteristics of these rivers have been given on Table 4.4 and flow sources

on Table 4.5.

Table 4.4. Average long-term and extreme water use of rivers

N River post

Annual flow norm, m3/s

Maximumwater use, m3/s

Minimumwater use, m3/s

Water catchment area, km2

Average height of basin, m

.1 Atachay- Altiagaj 0,062 64.5 0 22.4 1360

2.Kharmidorchay-Khaltan 0,31 20,6 0,002 42,4 1380

3. Gilgilchay-Jalagan 0,74 110 0 696 (920)

Table 4.5. Flow sources of the rivers

N River station Snow waters, % Rain waters, % Ground waters, %

1.Kharmidorchay-Khaltan 14 50 36

2. Atachay- Altiagaj 18 74 8

65

The Gilgilchay river starts from Gulumdostu mountain (on 1980 m altitude). It is also high water flood river.

The mineralization degree of water reaches to 920 mg/l. Water resources are using mainly in irrigation.

Atachay river is created at 1870 m upper the joining of Agchay and Mintyanka river.s. The mineralization

degree of water reaches to 900-1300 mg/l.

Underground waters

The area of Siyazan region is mainly consisting of clayey rocks of the palaeogene and neogene periods.

Local occurrences of sands, gravels and limestones are common, but these are of limited extent and do not

support the formation of significant groundwater resources. Accordingly, both ground and artesian water

resources in the region are limited. Groundwater plays a role in feeding the rivers of the area (see Table 4.5),

but their role is small in comparison with other sources of water that feed the rivers and in arid years in

summer months these rivers dry up.

In the foothills of Gilgilchay basin there are fresh and little mineralized ground water resources. According

to the assessments the resources of these waters are 1000 m3/day.

According to the information obtained from the Amelioration JSC, the mineralization of ground waters

between the rail road and the Caspian Sea is below 3.0 mq/l. The ground waters are of two types: Hydro

Carbonate – Calsium and Sulphate-Hydrocarbonate –Calsium- Magnezium waters .

4.2. Social-economic character of Project area

Economical-geographical position

Siyazan region is one of the five administrative regions (Shabran, Khachmaz, Guba, Gusar, Siyazan) of

Guba-Khachmaz economical-geographical region. The area of Siyazan region is 759 km2 and population is

37.6 thousand.

Siyazan region is situated in the north-east of Azerbaijan Republic. The economical-geographical position of

the region is very advantageous from a development perspective. Transportation and communication lines

pass through the region going from Azerbaijan to Russia and other CIS countries to the north; also, the

proximity of region to the highly developed industrial centre plays an important role in developing the

economy of the region. The transport network of the region is represented by rail, automobile, pipe-line

transport types. The passing of main rail-automobile lines through the region, and also the direct access of

the region to the sea create very good economic development conditions. As an indicator of development

potential, the Baku-Khachmaz-Darband railway line that passes through Siyazan recorded an increase in

freight and passengers of 2 – 2.5 times in the 1995 – 1996 period.

66

Population

Population dynamics in Siyazan region is given in Table 4.6.

Table 4.6. Increase dynamics of population number in Siyazan region (thousand persons)

Area1st of January situation

1990 1995 2000 2005 2009

Republic of Azerbaijan 7131.9 7643.5 8032.8 8447.3 8896.9

City population 3847.3 4005.6 4116.4 4477.6 4818.3

Village population 3284.6 3637.9 3916.4 3969.7 4078.6

Guba-Khachmaz economic region – total 373.7 417.8 445.3 465.9 487.0

City population 123.1 134.6 138.9 154.8 165.8


Siyazan region 29.2 31.8 33.8 35.8 37.6

City population 19.7 21.5 22.3 23.4 24.7


As identified in Table 4.5 most people in Siyazan region live in villages and the urbanization level is 66%.

The birth rate of the region was 19.7 per 1000 people in the 1990’s, but this has dropped to 9.3 births per

1000 more recently. The average density of population is 53 people per km2. The working population is

34% of the total population.

Siyazan attracts immigrants from other CIS countries. Displaced persons from Nagorno-Karabakh are also

inhabit the region. Displaced persons having limited economic means and faced with unemployment are

among the most vulnerable groups in society in Shabran region.

Economic-social situation

In Siyazan region approximately 50 % of employed persons work in state sector. There are 6 industrial and 2

agricultural institutions. The average monthly salary is 252.3 AZN.

The social-economic indicators of the region are given in Table 4.7.

67

Table 4.7. The social-economic indicators of Siyazan region.

Number of doctors, person 94 Number of infant schools 5

Number of doctors per 10000 persons

25.1 Number of children there, person

391

Number of average medical workers, person

220 Number of children against 100 places in infant schools

106

Number of average medical workers per 10000 persons

58.7 Internal general education schools 24

Number of hospitals 3 Number of pupils there, person 6371

Number of hospital beds 220

Industrial activity focuses on oil-gas production, other local raw material resources, food industries and

hardware production. In addition, there is a carpet factory in Siyazan. Local inhabitants are mainly busy

with grain-growing, vegetable-growing and cattle-breeding, however. More recently, At recent times wheat

planting cultivation has been of considerable increased (Table 4.7). Over Siyazan region production of plant-

growing crops and productivity of asgriclutural data spheres are given in Tables 4.8, 4.9, 4.10, 4.11 and

4.12.

Table 4.8. Sowing areas over Siyazan region, ha

№ Sowing areas 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20081 Orchard sowing area 85 85 85 135 135 135 1372 Sowing areas of grain

and grain beans 1585 3375 3611 4686 3446 1348 1591

3 Wheat sowing area 995 2492 2325 3190 2305 678 6724 Barley sowing area 577 873 1275 1486 1130 646 9065 Maize sowing area for

grain 8 8 8 8 9 22 12

6 Potato sowing area 21 34 34 37 40 33 297 Vegetable sowing area 53 73 80 90 96 66 658 Sowing area of

foodstuff melon plantation

27 38 40 46 47 42 39

9 Orchard sowing area 85 85 85 135 135 135 13710 Vineyard sowing area 400 50 50 4 4 24 24

Table 4.9. Production of plant-growing crops over Siyazan region, ton

№ Production field 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20081 Production of grain

and grain beans 2832 6923 6934 6859 5485 1287 2331

2 Wheat production 2012 5397 4768 5142 3889 625 1025

68

3 Barley production 798 1510 2147 1699 1576 624 12724 Maize production for

grain 17 13 14 15 17 35 33

5 Potato production 147 277 280 294 302 187 1646 Vegetable production 432 507 524 610 550 323 3747 Production of

foodstuff melon plantation

159 253 249 258 259 204 184

8 Fruit production 389 382 387 798 697 552 5899 Grape production 122 53 23 42 18 23 23

Table 4.10. Productivity on agricultural fields in Siyazan region, cent/ha

№ Productivity 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20081 Grain productivity 17.9 20.5 19.2 14.6 15.9 9.5 14.72 Wheat productivity 20.2 21.7 20.5 16.1 16.9 9.2 15.23 Barley productivity 13.8 17.3 16.8 11.4 13.9 9.7 144 Maize productivity

for grain 21.4 16.4 17.3 18.5 18.9 16.0 27.1

5 Potato productivity 70 82 82 80 75 57 576 Vegetable

productivity 82 70 66 68 57 49 58

7 Productivity of foodstuff melon plantation

59 67 62 56 55 49 47

8 Fruit productivity 45.8 44.9 45.4 71.3 69.8 55 599 Grape productivity 2.7 1.6 1.6 50 29.1 42.8 40.3

One of the specialized fields of the region is cattle-breeding. In flat areas milk-beef cattle breeding, in

foothills and mountainous areas sheep-breeding is developed (Table 4.11).

Table 4.11. Number of cattle in Siyazan (thousands)

Cattle-breeding fields 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Cow and bufallo 4518 4660 4860 4974 5024 5088 5130Sheep and goat 29319 35060 36650 38970 40228 41392 40855

In broiler enterprises of Siyazan chicken and eggs are producing (Table 4.12).

Table 4.12 Animal produce production in Siyazan region

№ Production fields 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20081 Meat production, ton

(undercut) 411 6229 5951 7895 7671 14224 15951

2 Milk production, ton 5700 7624 7850 7714 7880 8034 80483 Egg production,

thousand 1360 16639 13942 19375 16789 25696 32414

4 Wool production, ton 45 58 71 75 77 81 72

69

4.3. Significant changes in Project area

In Siyazan region reestablishment of Water Supply and Sewerage systems take into account the following

construction works:

1. For Water Supply system;

Construction of reservoirs;

Construction of pump stations;

Lay on water supply lines.

2. For Sewerage System

Construction of sewage cleaning structures

Installation of lines (main waterway) removing sewage

4.4. Information reliability

There are three main sources of used information in preparing of report:

1. Existing web-sites, questionnaire, scientific literature;

2. Visual field investigation;

3. Experts’ investigation objects and knowledge on environment and generalization skills.

Information on physical-geographical condition, geological structure, soil cover, ecosystems, vegetative and

animal worlds of the region have been taken from appropriate monographs and “Atlas of Azerbaijan”.

Main sources of information on climate, surface and ground waters of the territory have been taken from

different questionnaires of National Hydrometeorology and Department of Monitoring of Environment and

they are the results of monitoring conducted on last years.

General information on social-economic situation of the region have been taken from relative monographs

and web-site of State Statistics Committee.

Information on Water Supply and Sewerage System structures (reservoirs, pump stations, water cleaning

structure, water supply lines, etc.) that will be constructed and renewed in the territory have been taken from

TES reports implemented by Temelsu organization, also as the result of Eptisa and Hydrometeorological

Consulting organizations experts’ visual field review, which was undertaken in June 2010.

Members of the EIA project team have implemented scientific-investigation works and realized projects in

different regions of Azerbaijan, including in Siyazan region. In preparation of reports, gathering, processing,

analyzing and generalization of information they used their knowledge and skills.

The quality and exactness of information used in preparation of report can be considered as generally

satisfactory. However, it is be noted that there is limited information on fauna where the water treatment

plant will be constructed.

70

5. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

5.1 Environmental Issues

The boundaries of the EIA study are defined in two ways:

The boundaries of the project service area are defined by the boundaries of Siyazan city and nearby

villages in Siyazan Rayon.

The boundaries of the specific facilities to be established through the project are defined by the facilities

themselves and the area of potential impact adjacent to them. The area of potential impact differs for

different potential impacts (e.g. the area of potential impact associated with visual impacts is greater than

the area of potential impact associated with land use disturbance), and these will be defined in the EIA

study in association with the nature of the potential impacts themselves.

The EIA study reflects project boundaries according to each of these considerations

As described above the Project documentation has identified the following environment-related problems

associated with existing WSS systems in Siyazan region:

The untreated waste waters pollute groundwater and surface water.

Land and atmosphere air pollution by the effect of untreated waters discharged to open areas, posing a

health threat on the local population.

Leakages from old WS facilities (including water losses as a result of accidental breakage of old

pipelines) and also inefficiency of water use lead to drinking water shortage by volume and time scales.

Discharge of untreated industrial wastes (including medical) represents an immediate public health risk.

Little effort is made to reduce, reuse or recycle waste waters discharged to the sewage collector.

Absence of water meters lead to inefficient use of drinking water, including its use for irrigation and

other purposes

There is need to provide irrigation water supply from Samur- Absheron canal for lower tariffs than

drinking water

The proposed project is intended to address these problems. Therefore, the primary environmental

improvements associated with the proposed project will be the creation of an environmentally sound WSS

system that eliminates these problems to the extent feasible. The major environmental risks associated with

project implementation are as follows:

Proposed facilities are not in fact designed or constructed properly, either because sites are not

sufficiently investigated to ensure that appropriate designs are undertaken, or because of inadequate

design and/or construction supervision.

Proposed facilities are not operated properly, either because management or operational staff

are inadequately trained or because inadequate financial resources are available to maintain

the water management system following the investment.

71

The main socio-economic risks relate to the potential negative impact of the project during construction: the

project may disrupt the community for an extended period during its construction. Disruptions at the

residential level may occur as a result of the noise and dust associated with construction, and disruptions to

local economic activity may occur as a result difficulty in crossing construction zones and difficulty in

accessing business locations.

5.2. Potential Positive Project Impacts

The primary objective of the project is to improve the health and livelihoods of the urban communities

through the provision of safe, potable quality and adequate water supply and sanitation.

Based on the feasibility study document the following indicators will be followed:

Secure supply with potable water meeting World Health Organization (WHO) and/or national

quality standards

Continuous water supply for 24 hours per day

Supply of each user with sufficient water for domestic needs

Water distribution system workable under operation pressures with low leakage rates

Safe collection and treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater and reduction of aquifer

pollution

Compliance of water supply facilities, sewer system and wastewater treatment plant based on

international and/or Azeri standards(Annex 6).

Affordable Water Supply and Sanitation Prices for consumers and within determined service

tariffs

Minimum use of natural resources to keep the impact of WSS measures on the environment at

minimum level during implementation and maintenance

Implementation of the Project will upgrade and improve the sustainability in the Rayon centers through

application of a new, efficient and appropriately sized water and sanitation infrastructure , strengthening of

local know how and capacity to deliver and maintain water supply and sanitation services , developing a

sense of local ownership through community participation.

In general expected project benefits in the project area are as follows:

Prevention of the Ground and Surface Water Pollution

Protection of the Public Health

Prevention of Wasting of Water Resources and Energy

Prevention of the Soil Pollution and Supply of Free Fertilizers to Farmers

72

5.3 Potential Negative Project Impacts and Mitigation Measures

In this section, negative environmental impacts are identified, and the significance of hose impacts is

assessed.

An objective methodology is therefore required to permit assessment of the potential significance of

environmental issues.

The Feasibility Study Consultant carried out the initial environmental assessment for the Category A type

project. In the following the initial environmental assessment has been carried out in order to evaluate the

effects of the proposed solution. In this part first, the “Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist” was

filled for both sewerage and water supply systems. This checklist summarizes existing project area in

Siyazan and potential environmental impacts, which projects may cause. The checklist can be seen in the

following table(Table 5.1).

Table 5.1. Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist

QUESTIONS Yes No Notes A. Project siteProject area...Densely populated? XInvolved in development projects? XClose to temporary reserves or including? X

Cultural heritage XProtection zone XSwamp area XEstuary XBuffer zone of protected area XSpecial zone to protect biodiversities XBay XB. Potential Environmental Impacts Will this project cause impacts...? Damage to historical/cultural monuments /areas?

X

There are no cultural facilities and archeological monuments in the direct project zone. If any historical-cultural areas are to be recorded in the project zone in the future, proper measures are to be taken in accordance with Environmental Management Plan (EMP). These measures should ensure protection of historical archeological excavations and cultural heritage of national and international value.

Constraint to other enterprises and X It is expected that project related

73

access to buildings; noise, bad smell related disturbance to neighbouring areas and flow of rodents, insects etc.?

impacts during the construction works will be temporary, short-term and insignificant. The contractor should consider and take adequate measures to build temporary alternative roads, passages and relevant infrastructure to ensure access of people, reduce distribution of noise, bad odor and reach of wastewater to other sites.

resettlement or necessary relocation of local people

X

The project doesn’t include relocation of local people. It is also unlikely to result in loss of real estate, income sources and settlement areas. In case of temporary or permanent withdrawal of land owned by people during construction of water pipes or sewage lines, the losses will be compensated in accordance with relevant legislation of Azerbaijan republic.

damage to quality of downstream water in case of discharge of improperly treated or untreated wastewater?

X

Currently there is no adequate source for discharge of treated wastewater. Wastewater flows are usually discharged into open areas without any treatment which cause pollution of surface and ground water sources. It is believed that in the future the treated wastewater will be discharged into dry river bed or reused for irrigation purposes. If reused for irrigation, then in the periods out of irrigation season treated wastewater might cause damage to environment and health of people. Therefore, level of treatment shall be adjusted depending on the conditions of reuse and discharge. The wastewater flows will be treated to comply with the Surface Water Protection requirements of BOD205-3mg/l. So, 24 hour aeration process is envisaged with the application of full biological treatment. Wastewater flows treated up to BOD20= 20mg/l will undergo full retreatment in the natural pools.

Flooding of private properties with untreated wastewater

X Project includes construction of wastewater treatment works somewhere outside the urban area. The structures will comply with the modern technological standards and the process of construction will be supervised by the technical expertise. The operation and maintenance of the structure will be carried out by the qualified operator adhering to relevant technological schemes, design parameters and

74

normative acts. The situations causing flooding the neighbouring settlements and private property, other than natural disasters and technical breakages are unlikely.

Environmental pollution due to improper sludge operation or discharge of industrial wastewater into public sewage system?

X

Sludge produced by wastewater treatment will be processed properly. Sludge processing shall ensure full liquidation of its pollutant and harmful compositions. If sludge will be used for agricultural purposes, the proper processing will be included in the wastewater treatment process and respond to relevant sanitary-hygiene norms. If sludge will not be used in agriculture, it will be processed accordingly, stored in sludge fields and buried in the areas agreed with Rayon Executive Power and sanitary center. The body responsible for the maintenance of the treatment plant and sanitary-hygiene department will control discharge of inadmissible harmful substances, wastes and materials into the sewage collector.

Noise and vibration due to explosions and other construction works?

X

Construction works will be carried out in accordance with bidding process. It will be implemented with due compliance with specifications, ecological and sanitary norms and regulations. The quality and scope of works will be supervised by PIU and selected consultants. The constructor will take necessary measures in due time, with a view not to exceed allowable level of noise and vibration.

Discharge of toxic substance into sewage system which may damage the system and harm workers health?

X

Inadequacy of contractor’s project related activities may cause damage to environment, staff health, and health security of local people, including discharge of toxic chemical substances to sewage collectors which may lead to bad consequences. The organization of works in accordance with the best practices and implementation of trainings for the local staff are the key components to eliminate or mitigate adverse environmental impacts and risk to human health.

Buffer zone to mitigate noise or other potential damages to surrounding locations and supply structures with protection zones?

X Presently there are no protection lines/buffer zones around existing sewage structures and pumping stations. The planned new structures or rehabilitation of existing ones will require allocation of sanitary protection

75

zone as indicated in the sanitary-hygiene norms. The planting of trees to provide a fence around these zones and implementation of other adequate arrangements will contribute mitigation of noise, vibration and other potential impacts.

Conflicts between construction staff from other areas and local workers?

X

Social studies implemented in the project zone show the sufficiency of local labor force with different disciplines. One of the project outcomes is the creation of new temporary and permanent employments. Thus, local expertise must be favored in the process of employment. Any conflicts resulted on any grounds will be resolved under procedures of Management of Social Impacts.

Traffic closures and temporary flooding of roads due to earth excavation works and during rainfall seasons?

X

It is expected that construction of water supply and sanitation system implies enormous earth excavation works. The contractor will plan the work phases, provide temporary roads for local population, protect surrounding areas from flooding due to excavation works and take proper actions to handle excavated material.

Noise and dust caused by construction works?

X

Noise and dust caused by construction works will be mitigated by the application of best ecological practices. These measures may include implementation of works during ordinary working hours and application of noise silencers. Noise production rate cannot exceed 65 dB in the daytime and 45 dB in the dark hours in accordance with Azerbaijani standards and norms. The dust distribution must be eliminated by minimum application of machines and mechanisms producing disturbing noise, watering of the construction site, provision of coatings over dusty materials and temporary fences and other methods.

Traffic constraints due to transportation of construction materials and wastes?

X

Construction works must be organized in such a way that they don’t cause constraints to normal traffic and extra noise. In order to avoid pollution of central urban areas excavated materials will be transported through alternative secondary roads rather than main highways. (to be agreed with rayon SRP).

Excavation of temporary silt? X One of the environmental impacts is the silt and other earth materials generated

76

due to construction works. Such materials will be handled in accordance with the EMP, surrounded to ensure flow to other areas, covered (if necessary) and discharge to areas as agreed with the Rayon Executive Power.

Health risks due to flooding and groundwater pollution due to sewage line deterioration?

X

Treatment structures will be operated in compliance with the relevant guidelines and standard documents. These structures will be provided with emergency outlets in cases of breakages and other damages. Emergency outlets will be used with the prior awareness of the adequate local bodies. The emergency plan of the operator of the treatment structure will include early warning of unexpected emergency situations.

Damage to water quality due to bad sludge treatment or discharge of wastewater without treatment?

X

The plant should include internal laboratory to ensure operation of treatment structures in compliance with the relevant ecological and sanitary norms and adherence to permissible pollution level of the treated water content. The operation of these structures will also be followed by the local sanitary agencies and MENR regional departments.

Pollution of surface and groundwater sources due to sludge accumulations?

X

Negligence of control of sludge accumulation in ecologically vulnerable areas can increase risk of pollution of surface and groundwater sources. The contractor will apply best practices to mitigate such risks.

Risks to health of operation staff resulting from toxic gases, harmful substances, including pathogens in the wastewater and sludge residues?

X

Wastewater operation staff should follow adequate technological instructions and sanitary norms in daily working hours and be provided with relevant safety uniforms and facilities. The security experts of wastewater treatment plant are responsible for safe working conditions and training of operation staff on security issues.

Conflicts of raw water supply with the consumers of other surface and groundwater sources? X

The supply of water will surely affect the capacity of the supply source but have no conflicting factor with other water consumers.

Supply of unreliable raw water (including extra pathogens and mineral compositions)?

X Water sources meeting potable water norms and having required flow rates approved by the government, including necessary technical, economical, financial, and ecological requirements are seen as reliable alternative sources.

77

The project excludes investigation of sources irrelevant to the above indicators.

Delivery of irrelevant water flows into the distribution system?

X

The development of operation department must ensure adherence to the wastewater treatment operation procedures and exclude any delivery of irrelevant and inadequate to water standards water flows into the distribution system.

Irrelevant protection of intake structures or wells resulting in pollution of water supply?

X

A sanitary-protection zone is envisaged for water supply source to be selected through comparison of different alternatives meeting technical, ecological, financial and ecological conditions and adequate structures to be built on this source. This zone will ensure any discharge of wastes or substances and illegal access to the selected water supply facilities.

Oversupply of groundwater flows resulting in soil salinization and ground setting?

X

The project studies will prioritize water sources with sufficient flow capacity and adequate quality (rivers, main water pipelines etc.), including artesian wells. The risk of soil salinization or ground settling will be determined by adequate geological investigations.

Overgrowth of water-plants in the water reservoir? X Growth of water plants on the walls and

bed of water reservoirs is unlikely. Production of wastewater flows which surpass design capacity of domestic sewage system?

X

Improvement of water supply will certainly increase production of domestic wastewater flows in the project towns. However, project activities include construction of adequate sanitation system and wastewater treatment structures which will prevent environmental pollution with additional wastewater flows.

Risks resulting from inadequate design of structures envisaged for purchase, storage and application of chlorine and other toxic chemicals?

X

The chlorine to be applied in the primary production structures and water reservoirs and transportation, storage and application of reagents to be used for water cleaning purposes and laboratory analyses will be carried out in accordance with the ‘National Strategy on the Management of Hazardous Substances and Wastes of the Republic of Azerbaijan’, including inventory of these substances. The given provision excludes any adverse impact of these substances on adequate staff and local population.

Health risks due to application of chlorine and other substances to disinfect water?

X Chlorine and other reagents to be used for disinfection of potable water is unlikely to cause any health risks because the staff working with such

78

substances will have necessary knowledge of behaviour with such substances and follow adequate guidelines and instructions.

Risks of inadequate water supply and disproportionate chlorination in the distribution system due to bad operation and maintenance (siltation of filters)?

X

The project envisages full replacement of pipes, structures and other facilities of water supply and sanitation system of the project area and their maintenance in accordance with the best practices and laboratory analyses of potable water supplied to urban population. The application of new operation model to the water supply facilities will cause operational and service improvement of this sector. In line with above notes it is not likely that the level of chlorine in the water flows supplied to local population will increase permissible levels.

Delivery of water to corroded distribution network due to negligence of proper proportionate application of chemical substances? X

Modern and more reliable construction materials (polymer pipes etc.) will be used in the reconstruction of the water supply and sanitation system which will ensure proper operation of distribution system and its corrosion resistance.

Unexpected leakage of gas chlorine?

X

Transportation, storage and application of any chemical substances to be used for disinfection of potable water will be carried out in accordance with the adequate guidelines. The adherence to such guidelines will prevent any leakages.

Oversupply of water to the downstream consumers?

X

According to the current studies existing water sources used for water supply are irrelevant, with negligence for physical-chemical treatment which causes health risks. The improvement of water supply and sanitation system will cause no risk for downstream consumers.

In addition to the findings in above table for comparison also a semi-quantitative analysis has been

undertaken to further evaluate potential environmental impacts., and Accordingly, “Valued environmental

components” (VEC’s) are determined and ranked according to whether they are “high”, “medium” or “low”

( Table 5.2). Each of the environmental components identified in the Table has been identified during the

consultations or as a result of technical analysis. Valued environmental components that are valued as

“high” are those that are broadly important across society. VEC’s that are ranked as “medium” are those that

79

are important at a community level, but are of limited significance at a wider level. VEC’s that are ranked as

“low” are significant at a localised level2

The table evaluates the significance of potential impacts with respect to each VEC. The “significance of

potential environmental effects” is ranked based on the intrinsic potential of the identified potential effects to

impact the VEC’s. As identified in the Table, the potential significance of possible project effects is ranked

as “high” for most of the VEC’s that are highly valued. However, the significance of project impacts on land

use is considered to be “medium” since the amount of land in question is limited, some future land uses

would be enhanced (and development costs lowered) by facility development and specific alternate land

uses have not been proposed.

The significance of potential project effects on VEC’s ranked as “medium” varies. In some cases, potential

project effects are ranked as “high” and in other cases as “medium”. This recognises that the project may

have effects ranked as “high” or “medium” even though these effects may be on VEC’s that are not

themselves ranked as “high”; these effects will be important to address to ensure that the project does not

disadvantage the communities in which facilities are located. The project has only “low” potential with

respect to the location of reservoirs and treatment plant facilities to impact property values, however, since

Siyazan community is located in a distance from the proposed site.

VEC’s ranked as “low” are those that are relevant at the scale of individual property owners and users of the

land on which proposed facilities are proposed to be located. Notwithstanding that they are considered as

“low” from the perspective of society as a whole, they may be of the highest importance to the individuals

and their families who depend on the proposed site locations for their livelihood. Potential project impacts

on VEC’s at this level are “high”, since the project has potential to seriously disrupt both the livelihoods of

those who use the land as well as the amenity values they associate with the land.

Table 5.2 also identifies the availability of mitigation measures. As indicated in the table, mitigation

measures are available to address all potential negative effects identified during the period of the preparation

of this document.

2 The identification and priority assigned to a VEC has been informed by the public consultations that took place in June 2010.

80

Table 5.2 :Valued Environmental Components and Potential Negative Effects

VALUED ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS SIGNIFICANCE OF POTENTIAL NEGATIVE EFFECTS AVAILABILITY OF MITIGATION MEASURESPriority Environmental Component Potential Negative Project Effects Potential Significance of Effect*

Construction Phase PhaseHigh Ground and surface water Pollution of ground and surface water High Measures available

Land Use Long term reduction of choices for land development at the area Medium Measures availableNatural habitat Disturbance of the natural habitat due to construction related

noise, dust, non-seasonal works, unprocessed residues and etc. Loss of natural areas due to construction works.

Medium

Low

Measures available

Measures not avaiilableFlora and fauna Earthworks, operation of machines, noise and etc.;

Losses or degradations during and after construction works, non-seasonal works, change of ecological situation etc.

Medium Measures available

Drinking water quality Pollution of drinking water sources High Measures available

Cultural heritage Loss of cultural heritage Medium Measures available

Public health Injury from use of harmful substances in construction (paints with heavy metal, lead compositions), asbestos- cement slabs, inflammable and toxic materials etc.)

High Measures available

Air quality Dust, gases/aerosol associated with construction (toxic gasses discharged by construction machineries, wind blown construction materials etc.)


Soil Contamination of soil from land disposal of construction wastes

Low Landfill for disposal of wastes is not available

Traffic/construction vehicle impacts Increased level of truck/construction vehicle traffic in communities


Odour, dust and noise impacts from construction activities

Odour, dust and noise impact at staff and off-site receptors Medium Measures available

Medium Environmental pollution form WWTP

Environmental pollution due to improper sludge operation or discharge of industrial wastewater into public sewage system

Low Measures available

Socio-economic stability Inability of local communities to pay for services High Measures available

Public health Health risks from unprocessed wastes;Use of harmful substances by users of the WSS system (paints with heavy metal, lead compositions, toxic materials etc.)


Soil Contamination of soil from land disposal of sludge;Possibility of erosion related to wastewater discharge;


WSS SHABRAN JULY 2010

EIA SCOPING STUDY 81

VALUED ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS SIGNIFICANCE OF POTENTIAL NEGATIVE EFFECTS AVAILABILITY OF MITIGATION MEASURESPriority Environmental Component Potential Negative Project Effects Potential Significance of Effect*

Flooding of sewage system Production of wastewater flows which surpass design capacity of domestic sewage system as a result of increase of water supply

High Measures available, except that landfill for disposal of wastes is not available

Odour impacts from wastewater treatment plant site activities

Odour impacts on nearby properties High Measures available

Reduction of land in productive agricultural use

Reduced land availability for grazing and crops Medium Measures available

Limitations on future development Reduction of development options (reservoirs, WWTP area) High Measures availableLimitations on future development Reduction of development options (reservoirs, WWTP area) High Measures availableEnvironnemental pollution from WWTP construction

Soil, air and/or water pollution from improper storage of construction materials


Operational PhaseHigh Socio-economic stability Inability of community to pay for facilities High Measures available

Reduction in property values Low Measures availablePublic health Health risks from sludge disposed as waste High Landfill to protect public health

from health risks related to waste not available

Soil Contamination of soil from land disposal of sludge High Landfill to protect soil quality from contamination related to waste not available

Possibility of soil erosion related to wastewater discharge; Medium Measures availableFlooding of sewage system Production of wastewater flows which surpass design capacity

of domestic sewage system as a result of increase of water supply

High Measures available Measures available, except that landfill for disposal of wastes is not available

Odour impacts from wastewater treatment plant site activities

Odour impacts on nearby properties High Measures available

Reduction of land in productive agricultural use

Reduced land availability for grazing and crops Medium Measures available

Reduction in local property values. Loss of investment value by residents Low Measures available

Medium Limitations on future development Reduction of development options (reservoirs, WWTP area) High Measures availableVisual impact Unsightliness of treatment facilities Low/medium Measures availableEmployment/livelihood Loss of traditional employment/livelihood High Measures available

Low Amenity value Loss of amenity value adjacent to treatment facilities Low Measures available



Mitigation measures may be at the level of facility siting, design, construction and operation, and may

include physical, financial, institutional or other measures. An environmental monitoring plan will ensure

that all measures are appropriately undertaken and that required environmental standards are maintained.

This will document the nature and frequency of the monitoring required. For the WWTP site, environmental

monitoring will include a schedule for regular monitoring for key indicators of contamination.

Check points, terms of selection of samples of waste water and main indicators of its content are defined in

each specific case at designing and they are specified at operation of irrigation systems in agreement with

local control bodies.

Analysis of content of sludge of waste water is conducted before use of it . Background content of heavy

metals in soil isn’t high and sludge meets demands for irrigation use on fields.

During the treatment process environmental quality standards should be followed. If treated water doesn’t

meet standards during the low flow period(or when there is no water in the river ) in Atachay river, which is

observed in summer , autumn and winter it would damage the flora and fauna of the river . Information on

flow characteristics of the river is given in the Table 5.3.

Table 5.3. Flow characteristics of the Atachay river(Water discharges, cubic meters per second)

Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 AnnualAverage 0.013 0.024 0.14 0.23 0.14 0.06 0.02 0.005 0.017 0.02 0.036 0.029 0.062Minimum 0 0.001 0.012 0.006 0.002 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.003

Chemical composition of water in the river is given in the Table 5.4.

Table 5.4.Chemical composition of Atachay river waters

N Ion content, mg/eq Dry residue

Type pHElement NCO3 CL SO4 Ca Mg NaConcentration 4.90 1.90 2.30 3.00 3.00 3.10 0.720 Hydro

CarbonSulphate

7ş3

In this region surface and ground waters have high level of salinity. Their composition is characterised as:

Sulphate- hydro carbonate – Calcium- Magnesium .

If waste water is treated according to standards, the risk of impact on the quality of river water will be

minimal. Even if concentrations of some pollutant in the treated water is higher than in receiving water, it

shouldn’t have significant negative impact to the river provided that the amount of treated waters is small

compared to water discharges of the river and also because of above indicators of water quality of river.



5.4 Data Evaluation

The information basis for the EIA differs according to the specific assessments that have been required.

.

Archive materials have been used to get basic information about physical- geographic conditions of Siyazan

region, environmental situation, water resources , their use and protections and etc. The project feasibility

document provides the main information about existing situation and proposed project activities.

Documentary information has been supported by a series of field trips.. During the trips, additional

information was gathered about the existing water and sanitation situations, project needs and its positive and

negative impacts This is based on the existing information provided by the relevant organizations, visual

monitoring and opinions of stakeholders

Results of discussions with the stakeholders are described ion the Annex IX.

During the development of EIA report FS report materials on project activities, its impacts and proposed

environment management procedures have been checked with the national and international standards. Main

data gaps were connected with the lack of long term water resources and waste water quality and quantity

information, water use by different sectors, waste discharges by different economic sectors, and pollution of

water resources , ground waters and soil by waste waters.

Notwithstanding these shortcomings, In spite of this the information base that has been used can be

considered sufficient for the EIA development.



6. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT

Project sites are required for the water reservoirs, pipelines , pumping stations and waste water treatment

facilities. Project sites for reservoirs are primarily determined as a function of least cost associated with

construction, provision of necessary portion of area with required amount of water by gravity. Analysis has

been undertaken to identify the least cost location for each element of construction work. In addition, the

locations proposed for reservoirs and WWTP are municipally-owned lands. Discussions have been held with

local communities to determine specific locations within the community where pipelines for WS and sewage

system can most appropriately be located from the community perspective. The location of the facilities has

been pre-determined based on an extensive analysis of some alternative locations.

At meetings with Rayon staff, gravity systems for water supply were consistently promoted as the preferred

method of supply. The reason given was the simplicity of operation and the additional operating costs from

pumped sources. Alternatives such as groundwater, bore fields were not seen to be viable and made data

collection for non gravity options more

difficult.

Within the scope of the project polyethylene based corrugated pipes will be laid in wastewater network and a

new Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) will be constructed approximately 2 km away from the town

center

Information on reservoirs and other infrastructure is provided below at water supply and waste water system

improvement sections and their locations are illustrated in the relevant annexes to this report(Annexes I-V)

The following alternatives have been considered during the EIA process:

(i) No Project Scenario

(ii) Water Supply System improvement only

(iii) Water Supply and Waste Water Management System improvement

6.1. No project Scenario

No project scenario would see continuation of an inefficient and unreliable, water supply system, which has

limited coverage, delivers low pressure supply and has water shortages. With regard to the wastewater

system, the situation will be worsened by the discharge of raw wastewater into the soil, groundwater and

eventually the river network, due to the lack of a WWTP. The socially and environmentally damaging

situation in the rayon will be further exacerbated, the risks of flooding of the streets and houses will be

raised. Pollution of soils, air quality (bad odor), damage to the flora and fauna will occur, surface and

groundwater will be seriously impacted. This situation is very undesirable, especially with the ongoing high

growth rate of the population and development of new business enterprises in the region (Table 6.1).



Table 6.1. Population Growth Rates

Year The Population Growth Rate

Siyazan Population Values in Future

Water Supplied

Sewerage Served

Waste Water Treatment (Including Buyuk Hemye Village)

2009 - 23,990 23,990 26,7012015 1,025 25,504 25,504 28,8362020 1,000 26,805 26,805 29,8342025 0,750 27,825 27,825 30,9692030 0,700 28,813 28,813 32,069

Source: the Feasibility Study of Siyazan WSS Project, 2010

With the population growth rate shown above, water demand, and consequently waste water production will

considerably increase over the years.

6.2. Water Supply System Improvement Scenario

According to the Feasibility Study, the average daily water consumption is estimated as 64.16 l/sfor the

design purpose. This estimate includes water use by households, entities, stock feeding, industry etc. The

current water losses in the system will be eliminated in the improved water supply system. The following

water supply options have been analyzed:

Option 1: Sourcing water from the water reservoir of the Tahtakorpu – Ceyranbatan canal.

Siyazan rayon centre is located 15 kilometers to the south of the valley of the Tahtakorpu reservoir. The

Tahtakorpu – Ceyranbatan canal passes within 1.5 kilometers of the Siyazan rayon center. With a tapping at

16,080 meters at asl 85.3 it is possible to supply water from the canal to water treatment plant located about

250 m from the canal. Treated water can then be delivered by gravity to Reservoir 1 located at 75 masl. From

there it can be distributed by gravity to Pressure Zone 1 and pumped to Reservoir 2 to supply Pressure Zone

2.

Construction of the Tahtakorpu reservoir and canal system has been ongoing for more than 10 years. A

significant reduction in funds due to the 2007 financial crisis further delayed construction. This has pushed

the completion date of the project to 2014. This delay in the implementation would impact on the ability to

use water from the Tahtakorpu reservoir. From the other hand water taken from Takhtakorpy will need to

be treated to meet the drinking water requirements specified in Annex VI, which is associated with additional

cost and, thus, is not economically feasible. The potential environmental impacts of the use of the

Takhtakorpu reservoir as a water source would occur due to the construction of new water intake, access

road upgrade, construction of a new water pipeline to the town etc. Due to these considerations this option

has been rejected.



Option 2: Upgrading the water supply from Baku I and II Water Transmission Lines.

These two water transmission lines, of 180-200 Km length supply water to Baku from spring and ground

waters of Shollar village and Khachmaz region .

Siyazan rayon centre extends eastwards from the flank of a range of low hills to the lower plains. The highest

point is approximately 95 masl, the lowest 15 masl. Two zones will distribute water throughout the urban

and industrial areas using water sourced from two reservoirs – Reservoir 1 of 3000 m3 located at masl 75 and

Reservoir 2 of 1000m3 located at masl 115 (see Annex II).

Water is taken from the 1st Baku Transmission Line to the balancing reservoir (100 m 3) of Pumping Station-

1 (PS-1). There are 3 (2+1) pumps in this pumping station each having 22 kW power. Discharge through one

pump is 31 l/s and the pressure rise is 48 m. Water pumped by PS-1 is equal to the average demand of

Pressure Zone-1. Water is pumped to the balancing reservoir (also 100m3) of Pumping Station-2 (PS-2). PS-2

also takes water from 2nd Baku Transmission Line water demand of Pressure Zone-2 and pumps the total

demand to Reservoir-1. There are also 3 (2+1) pumps in this pumping station each having is 30 kW power.

Discharge of each pump is 42 l/s with 48 m pressure increase. From Reservoir-1 the water demand of

Pressure Zone-2 is pumped to Reservoir-2 by Pumping Station-3 (PS-3). This pumping station has 3 (2+1)

pumps each having 11 kW power. Discharge of each pump is 12 l/s with 53 m pressure increase. The 2nd

Baku Transmission Line passes through the main urban area at about 35 masl while the Baku I canal is

located lower down the slope at masl 0.

Verification of the structural integrity of the Baku I and II Transmission Lines has been undertaken. The

Baku I canal was completed and commissioned in 1917 with a design capacity of 1 m 3 /sec. Baku II canal

was completed in the early 1960’s with a design capacity of 2.73 m3/sec. The staff of the rayon water

department and Azersu advised that no regular maintenance has been undertaken on either of these canals.

This should be taken into account by the detailed design which should envision back up arrangements

between the 2 canals in case of any breach or supply interruption on one of these canals.

Groundwater is used for both canals and is delivered by gravity. The water quality in the Baku I and II water

transmission lines has been analyzed and results show that samples from both lines meet EU, Azeri and

WHO standards (see Annex VI).

The anticipated increased water demand (to be 64.16 l/sec) will not have any significant impact on this

water source: the water abstraction will be up to 2 mln. m3 / year, while the total transmission capacity of

both canals is 125 mln. m3 / year. Ground water mostly meets the limiting values of EU Council Directive

98/83/EC without treatment. In some cases only reduction of iron and manganese is necessary, which can be

performed by simple treatment units (oxidation and filtration).



Based on the above considerations, the second option is preferred for the project water supply system

because it minimizes the need for new infrastructure that would disturb natural, manmade and social

environments. While infrastructure upgrading is associated with this option, this will be done within the

context of environmental impacts that have already occurred. While upgrading of infrastructure certainly has

potential to cause negative environmental impacts, these are lesser in scope and magnitude than would occur

if new infrastructure is introduced , and potential negative impacts can be mitigated. In both options, the

supply of water would be from facilities that will in any case exist, thus minimizing environmental impacts

associated with construction/operation of water extraction facilities. However, the delay and uncertainty

associated with water supply under option 1 will certainly have significant socio-economic impacts in

Siyazan

Main environmental impact of the construction and operation work envisioned in the project are described in

Chapter 5 and list of potential negative impact is given in the Table 5.1

The widening of the access road through the uplands is relatively straightforward for most of its length, as it

is flanked by disturbed ground with sparse vegetation. The work in the wooded habitat and vegetation will

create some environmental problems including damage to topsoil and to tree roots; and erosion may result.

Full adherence to good site practice should be ensured, as well as storage and handling of fuels and oils to

avoid contamination.

There will be temporary disturbance during construction of the reservoir and intake infrastructure, as well

for the areas along the pipeline routes to the reservoirs but this is not expected to be significant (see Chapter

5 for details). Location of the reservoir is given in the Annex IV

If the sewage system is not be improved, the situation with respect to waste water management will continue

to worsen from social – economic and environmental point of view. With the anticipated increased water

demand from the current 80 l/cap/d to 180 l/cap/din by 2030, the amount of waste water will increase

accordingly, which will further aggravate the environmental situation.

6. 3. Water Supply and Waste Water System Improvement

Different options for the improvement of the water supply system have been considered above. Project

related environmental impact for the construction and operation phases are described in Chapter 5, and list of

potential negative impact is given in the Table 5.1

Two options for improvement of sewage system in Siyazan have been analyzed:

Option 1: Rehabilitation and use of the existing waste water pipelines and wastewater treatment lagoon.



Improving the existing sewerage system by extensions and replacement of sections causing problems has

been evaluated. Most of the existing sewer network was constructed before 1985 and is currently almost non-

operational. The recently constructed section is poorly designed and buried to a depth of 1,5 m. The existing

pipelines transport wastewaters to the wastewater treatment lagoon area located at the south-eastern part of

the town. Since the proposed wastewater treatment plant area is at the north-eastern part of the town,

realigning of the existing lines from south-east to north-east is not technically viable solution. Therefore this

option has been rejected.

Option 2: Construction of new sewage system and waste water treatment plant.

The wastewater collection system design was developed by use of a model (by the analysis of topographical

maps with the support of satellite views). The location of the main sewer pipelines and lines that can be

buried deeper was determined in the first phase. These main sewer pipeline locations have been determined

by taking into account especially the critical points in the network like railways, highways, water channels

and water transmission line crossings.

The topographic conditions allow for sewerage collection by gravity. Thus, no pumps will be needed which

will minimize potential water spills. The selection of the location of the waste water treatment plant is

determined by such factors as distance from the city and Boyukhemye village(more than 800m), waste

waters and treated waters will flow by gravity, minimal environmental and social impact and etc.

Taking into account the above difficulties for rehabilitation of existing waste water system and advantage of

construction of new one, which is feasible from technical, economical and environmental point of view,

Option 2 ‘Construction of new sewage system and waste water treatment plant’ is preferred. The location of

the new WWTP will be located between Siyazan city and Boyukhemye village (800 m South-West).

The new WWTP will be provided with modern equipment which will ensure treatment of the waste waters in

accordance with international standards (EU Directive 91/271/EEC requirements are given in Annex

VI,VIII). The extended aeration system does not envisage use of heated septic reservoir and gas and, as such,

will contribute to improved safety of operation.

It should be noted that after treatment, waste waters are planned to be discharged to the Atachay river or to

be used for irrigation.

As an “alternative” option discharging of treated waters to Caspian sea via an existing drainage canal has

also been conssidered and discussed with local stakeholders. During the discussions, the local population

objected this option due to the perspective of potential human impacts on nearby located residential areas,

even though wastewates will be treated according to international standards. Therefore, it was decided to

discharge treated waters to Atachay river or use for irrigation.



Option 2 is preferred for the managment of wastewater. It is clear that option 1 cannot provide an

envionmentally secure management of wastewater: poor design and maitenance mean that significant

quantities of wastewater escape into the environment under its current structure. In principal, rehabilitation

of infrastructure is preferred as compared to new consrtuction from an environmental perspective; however,

the existing infrastructure is in such a state of disrepair that rehabilitation will not achieve the environmental

goals of the project: protection of the environment from the negative impacts of wastewater. Accordingly,

the implemmentaiton of a new sewerage infrastructure is environmmentallly appropriate.

As described in Chapter 5, treated waste waters will not have significant negative impact to the regime of

Atachay river. Additonallly, an improved situation in the receiving watercourses and adjacent areas

currently adversely affected by polluting untreated wastewaters is expected.

The removal of large organic loadings and their associated bacteria will be of significant benefit to at least

the local river system and groundwater and will ultimately contribute to a reduction in polluting loadings

within the Caspian Sea catchment, on which several internationally financed projects are focusing their

attention.

The sludge generated in the WWTW will be disposed of in accordance with the EU Directive, see Annex VI,

VIII for the monitoring standards and requirements. As Siyazan is a semi-rural catchment with no heavy

industries discharging to the sewer network, the sludge should be suitable for disposal to agricultural lands,

where it will have a beneficial impact and will support local agricultural activities..



7. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS

This activity is aimed at informing identified stakeholders and other interested parties concerning the project

and gathering perspectives from them. Public consultation presents stakeholders with the opportunity to

voice both their positive opinions and their concerns and to enable these issues to be addressed in the EIA

and incorporated into the project design.

A two-stage public consultation process has been implemented:

The first stage of public consultation was undertaken as part of the “scoping” of the EIA. In this

stage, public concerns with respect to the environmental impacts of the project were gathered

(including concerns regarding impacts on both the natural and the socio-economic environments)

The second stage presented the draft EIA report to stakeholders for their comment.

7.1 Public Consultation at the Scoping Stage

Stakeholder Consultations Stakeholder issues relevant to the EIA have been identified through a consultative

process.. Stakeholder consultations have therefore been integral to the design of the EIA, and the issues

identified through these consultations have been an important input into the identification of issues to be

addressed by the EIA. All stakeholder consultations have been undertaken in Azeri. Where non-Azeri

consultants have participated in consultations, their comments have been translated into Azeri in order to

allow all discussions to be undertaken in Azeri.

Not all stakeholders have been involved in the consultations associated with project preparation.

Accordingly, stakeholder consultations have been undertaken during the scoping phase associated with the

preparation of this document for the specific purpose of identifying and clarifying issues, and particularly

issues concerning those:

Who live near sites that are proposed for new WSS facilities

Who have specialist technical or scientific knowledge relevant to the proposed WSS system

Whose work is relevant to the proposed WSS system

Technical Analysis While the issues identified by stakeholders are key to the overall presentation of issues

in this document, they are limited to the extent that the knowledge of stakeholders concerning the new WSS

system is limited. Thus, during the consultation process it has been clear that the ability of stakeholders to

identify issues has, to a degree, been limited by their knowledge of modern WSS systems. Technical

analysis has therefore been undertaken to determine whether there might be issues additional to those



identified by stakeholders that should be addressed by the EIA, even though they might not have been

identified by stakeholders, or may not have been prioritized by stakeholders. Technical analysis

complements the stakeholder consultations.

Table 1 identifies the stakeholders with whom consultations have been undertaken. As indicated in the

Table, stakeholders fall into two categories:

Public stakeholders. These stakeholders are members of the public in general on whom the project

may be anticipated to have an impact. At the broadest level, these stakeholders include all members of

the public that will be served by the project, and who will benefit from it. However, some public

stakeholders may be more greatly impacted by the project because they live in proximity to proposed

project facilities. These stakeholders may be expected to identify a range of issues that is different to

those that would be identified to other public stakeholders.

Special interest stakeholders. These stakeholders have interests in the project because they have either

specialist knowledge relevant to the project or because their work in some way is relevant to, or is

impacted by, the project. These stakeholders may identify issues relevant to the EIA as a result of

either their work or their knowledge.

In this project, stakeholders are those affected by the proposed WSS facilities, and those who have the ability

to influence, positively or negatively, the course and outcome of the project. The range of stakeholders

relevant to this document is reflected in Table 7.1. The list of all stakeholders that have been consulted is

provided in Annex IX

Table 7.1 identifies the consultation mechanisms selected to identify issues associated with the various

stakeholders, and also identifies the status of the consultations.

Technical meetings and interviews with staff from different local government units have been undertaken on

an on-going basis. During the meetings, discussions were held on technical and managerial levels and an

accurate picture about the current WSS system was developed, together with common understandings of

options and issues associated with potential future actions. A clear picture was made about the rating of

water management skills and the rate of satisfaction of the public about WSS services. The wishes and

concerns of the residents were also raised during the meetings. In most cases and after the meeting a field

visit was made to water intake facilities, pipelines locations, pumping stations, reservoirs and sewage

facilities and information was obtained about the problems of each site.



Consultation and planning workshops were undertaken during the preparation of this document. As

identified in Table 7.1, these included consultation with municipal and village councils, and with government

agencies. A public consultation and planning workshop was held on 09 June 2010. These consultations and

workshop were organized by the project consultant, in collaboration with the Amelioration JSC, Executive

power and Municipality of Siyazan.



Table 7.1Stakeholders and Consultation Mechanism

STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION MECHANISM

STATUS OF CONSULTATION

Public StakeholdersAffected People Interviews with affected

people Interviews have been conducted as part of EIA study in communities where new water intake facilities, pipelines, pumping stations, reservoirs and treatment facilities will be located

Wider Community Information to be supplied to the media and the general public to be invited to submit comments.

Meetings have been conducted with the representatives of local radio and newspapers during which they received needed information, which was later spread by them in their news canals, including newspapers and radios

Community Leaders Interviews of directly affected communities; meetings with community leaders

Workshops held; interview conducted in communities where new reservoirs and treatment facilities will be located; meetings held with community leaders

Special Interest StakeholdersNon-Governmental Organisations

Round Table meeting Scoping Workshop

Round Table meeting and Scoping Workshop held

Municipalities and Village Councils

Technical meetings, Consultation and Planning Workshops

Consultation and planning workshops held

Media Media relations strategy required

Representatives of media have been involved into EIA process. They participated in discussions, public meeting and spread obtained materials through their publication in local newspaper and also via local radio

Academics and Researchers Round Table meeting, Scoping Workshop

Meeting and Scoping Workshop held

Government Ministries/Agencies

Consultation and Planning WorkshopsRound Table Meeting

Consultation and Planning Workshops held; Round Table Meeting held

Private sector Meetings with representatives of relevant sectors/companies

Meetings with representatives of relevant sectors/companies held

International Organisations/Donors

Consultation and Round Table meeting

Consultation and Round Table Meeting held

A round table meeting was held on 09 June, 2010 and hosted by the Executive Power of Siyazan region.

Representatives of different agencies, Amelioration JSC, Azersu , MoE and NGOs attended and their

concerns were also reported. The meeting was solely dedicated for defining the scope of the EIA..

The following areas of Siyazan city and nearby communities (Eynibulaq, 900 persons) and Boyuk Hamya

adjacent to the proposed facilities have been identified to be affected by project. Representatives of the

population of these communities have been interviewed on 15 June 2010. The communities to be directly

affected by the project activities are listed in Table 7.2.

94 / 145

Table 7.2.Communities Adjacent to the Proposed Project FacilitiesCommunity Location PopulationEynibulaq Adjacent to the proposed reservoirs

and Water supply pipes900

Siyazan city Adjacent to a proposed water supply and sanitation system

21400

Boyuk Hamya village

Located close to proposed waste water treatment facilities

2800

During the selection of the population sample for interview purposes, consideration was given to the

economic situation of the family, and to the distance to the facilities to be constructed. The objectives of the

surveys were to:

Share information about the project and the proposed construction work.

Identify important interests and concerns at the local level.

Identify potentially affected individuals, groups and publics.

Identify community concerns about the construction work.

Understand the values about the environment held by individuals/groups that might be affected by the

project.

Meetings with municipality members in these communities were also carried out, as possible, to understand

concerns and issues that they may have.

A Scoping Workshop was conducted on 09 June, 2010 and attended by 28 participants representing different

institutions. During that session the findings of previous consultations (by Gauff-Temelsu) were presented

and additional comments and suggestions were received.

Principal Issues

The principal concerns raised during the consultation process were:

Potential for odour, insects, dust and noise impacts from site activities;

Compensation measures to be taken by the Authorities for temporary loss of land in productive use;

Reduction in local property values;

Impacts on ground and surface water;

Limitations for expansion of villages in the future; and

Aesthetic distortion (e.g. visual impacts).

95 / 145

These issues were highlighted by most of the people interviewed. Other issues that were highlighted during

the consultations include:

Training and public awareness;

Financial sustainability;

Detection and control of hazardous waste waters;

Waste water collection, treatment, utilization or discharge to the sea;

Health and safety;

Social and economic impacts; and

Compensation of directly affected communities through the project itself by incentives.

As indicated above, the project team has considered the issues that have been raised during the consultations

and has assessed the identified issues in the context of the overall scope of the proposed project. The purpose

of this assessment has been to determine whether there are additional issues that should be considered by the

EIA even though they may not have been specifically identified by stakeholders during the consultations. As

a result of this assessment, it has been concluded that in addition to the potential impacts identified through

the consultations, the EIA study should also address review of the potential positive and negative impacts

associated with the proposed project on:

Land use;

Cultural heritage;

Traffic

Public health;

Local employment; and

General issues associated with sitting of treatment plant

The stakeholders support the proposed WSS project. The issues raised by the stakeholders are reasonable

concerns that should be addressed by the EIA study, and the recommendations of the EIA study should be

integrated into the design of project implementation. However, as identified above, stakeholder knowledge

of potential positive and negative impacts associated with the project is incomplete and issues additional to

those identified by the stakeholders should be considered by the EIA.

Stakeholder Meeting in Siyazan Rayon

The public meeting in Siyazan took place on June 09 2010 and was chaired by Mr. Zafar Aliyev, Deputy

Head of the the Siyazan district Executive authority, Head of Rayon Commission on WSS project

implementation

The agenda of the meeting included brief welcoming speech by the Head of the Commission Mr. Zafar

Aliyev and Representative of PCU Mr. Panah Abdullayev. They informed attendants about the aim and

96 / 145

importance of realization of the project. In his opening speech Mr. Aliyev informed attendants that this

project shouldn’t have significant negative environmental impact but that it is directed at improvement of the

environment in the rayon. The proposed treatment facility is a bit closer to Boyuk Hamya residential area

and the good treatment facility will allow to avoid possible impacts to the health of population and entire

environment.

Figure 7.1. Presenting of WSS project during public consultation meeting in Siyazan

Then Rafig Verdiyev, representative of Eptisa and Prof. Farda Imanov, Representative of Hydrometeorology

Consulting Company, informed participants about the aim of the Environmental and Social Impact

Assessment process, and issues to be included into its scope during the project implementation. Participants

then requested to participate actively in discussions and identify their suggestions to be included into list of

issues of environmental and social concern and taken into consideration and included, as appropriate, in the

Environment Management Plans to minimize negative project impacts.

The first remark was expressed by Mr. Aliyev about scale of the water supply area. As he stated, initially the

villages surrounding Siyazan also were supposed to be included into the project but now they are not. These

are Eynibulaq (900 persons) and Sadan (750 persons) villages. Currently they have to collect rain water in

Sadan (which is located in some 300m higher than Siyazan) and use it for household needs and transport

drinking water by cars. Then it was expressed that Azersu has some plans for water supply of above villages

according to selection from among the following options:

97 / 145

To pump water form the reservoir in upper part of Siyazan to these villages.

To connect Eynibulaq village to the Samur- Absheron canal coming from Takhtakorpy reservoir.

To construct pipeline from Gilgilchay village to use waters of II Baku water pipe.

To use spring water from Hajiisgendar village of Shabran region

The small spring in Sadan is not sufficient for use.

Akif Valiyev asked if houses will be connected to the new water supply and sewage system. In response to

this question it was expressed that pipes will reach each household yard and households themselves should

be connected to these pipes.

Other questions were about alternative water use from Samur- Absheron Canal (Takhtakorpu reservoir) or

use of spring water used before when water in Baku-II canal is limited. The response was that these sources

can be used for irrigation then water would be enough for drinking purposes.

Mr. Kabirov Rafig expressed his concern on the possibility that communication lines will be damaged during

installation of pipelines under ground. In response to this it was noted that all work carried out underground

will be according to the plan agreed with relevant ministries and agencies.

Figure 7.2. Discussions during public consultation meeting in Siyazan

98 / 145

Other questions were about repairing asphalt roads and other places that are damaged by the construction

works. It was noted that all work will be carried as required by existing regulations. Any damage of social

and environmental character will be mitigated according to management plans and monitored by designated

groups.

Mr. Yagubov Mehman asked about installation and protection of water meters, as they can be damaged if

they are in the street. It was noted that proper place will be selected for water meters installation so that

inspectors are able to inspect them when necessary.

A second question was about collection of water in the basement of high storey buildings. It was noted the

installation of the sewage system and connection of residents to it will help to address this issue.

The list of participants at the public consultation meeting for Siyazan rayon WSS project, held on June 09

2010 is given in ANNEX X

7.2 Presentation of the Draft EIA Report

Information on public discussion of the draft EIA report for Siyazan and WSS projects was held on October

22 2010.. This meeting was advertised 15 day before this date and most of stakeholders have been contacted

by the local executive authorities regarding the participation of the event. Further information on the

meeting is provided in Annex XI.

The recommendations of the draft EIA were presented to the meeting. There were no negative responses to

the draft report, or its recommendations. However, participants did raise issues that were raised in the earlier

consultations in June 2010 and which have been addressed in the EIA report. This points to the need for a

proper monitoring of the mitigation measures set out in this document in order ensure that mitigation

measures are appropriately implemented.

99 / 145

8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN From the above description of environment impacts the list of key aspects associated with the Project

activities is identified and described in Table 8-1 below.

Table 8-1 Environmental Aspects

Project Component Environmental AspectsConstruction Temporary removal of habitat for sewer pipeline construction

Renovation and construction of existing steel water delivery mainsPotential polluted run-off and spillage of untreated wastewater during sewer renovation Pedestrian, vehicle and community safetyProcurement and delivery of construction materialsUse, maintenance and repair of equipment and machinery Air and noise pollution from preparation of construction Materials such as bitumen, asphalt and concrete.Extraction/purchase of sands and gravels for earthworksConstruction yard for equipment and machineryWaste and hazardous materials managementConstruction of new reservoirs for water supply Service disruption (electricity, telecoms, water)Disruption to irrigation and drainage infrastructureSoil management issues during pipe layingConstruction of new WWTP works on a new site

Operation Operation of the water and wastewater networksSludge disposalCommunity safetyInduced developmentAir and noise quality Use of maintenance machinery and equipmentStorm water management Wastewater discharge

Accidental (Non-Routine) Events

Spills and leaksInappropriate waste or sludge disposalSewer flushing due to blockage

These aspects and proposed mitigation measures are discussed below.

Geology and soils

Construction phase

Hazardous material

Spills of fuel, oil and other liquids have the potential to cause contamination of soil and groundwater. The

Contractor shall implement measures to contain such spills and avoid contamination as much as possible.

However, it is possible that some contamination may occur and the Contractor will be required to implement

remediation measures in accordance with project and national requirements.

100 / 145

Soil erosion

The area is susceptible to surface erosion, especially after heavy rain, therefore efforts will be made to

reduce the potential for soil erosion during construction activities. Temporary berms will be constructed

where necessary to control any run-off to prevents rills or gulleys forming or soil wash out to surface water

features. Correct groundworks and compaction will be specified in the contract documentation to prevent soil

erosion.

Waste management

Inert, solid waste (metals, asphalt chunks, rocks, concrete, gravel, sand and etc.) will be generated during

drilling well and pipeline installation operations. The replacement and installation of water distribution pipes

in the town will include removal of asphalt surface and importation of suitable padding and backfill (eg sand)

as well as backfilling using suitable excavated material. Repair of paved roads and walkways and asphalt

surfaces will also be required.

Solid wastes generated in construction sites and during the construction of pipelines and sewer drains will be

transported by the construction contractor. Transportation and disposal of such waste will be agreed with the

local executive authority and regional department of MENR, as necessary.

The construction works will generate hazardous waste, such as used oils, solvents and other construction

waste, which will be required to be disposed of. However, there is no licensed hazardous waste disposal

facility in the region (and in fact this is a problem nationally) and therefore it will be necessary to arrange an

appropriate containment or disposal place in agreement with MENR and the regional officials. The EMP

allows for the cost of this item and it can be managed by the municipality, as per the agreement with

Amelioration JSC.

Parts of the existing water supply and sanitation network may have been constructed using asbestos

containing material (ACM), which will require careful handling during its removal. Measures compliant to

good health and safety practice will need to be employed, including appropriate PPE for workers, dampening

down of any material that may be abraded or otherwise generate potentially inhalable dust particles and

appropriate containment prior to its storage at an approved/agreed secure facility.

A construction yard needs to be created, for laydown of plant and material, maintenance of machinery and

prefabrication of infrastructure components. All construction sites will be managed as follows:

• Boundaries of construction sites will be marked beforehand and signs will be erected warning

people not to enter or dump garbage;

101 / 145

• Metal wastes will be collected and taken to metal processing companies;

• Construction debris (sand, soil, rocks) will be re-used as an additional material for filling deep

trenches when needed and where suitable. If not needed, they will be taken to city dumping-

grounds, as agreed with local environmental/planning authorities;

• Removed asphalt debris will be taken to bitumen factories for recycling, egg at the asphalt

plant

• Speed limits will be set for all trucks operating within the town; this will be important for

those transporting waste.

Operational phase

No adverse effects are anticipated as a result of normal operations, as the wastewater will be treated to EU

standards prior to its discharge, which is a distinct improvement from the current situation, which sees no

functioning wastewater treatment. Discussions are ongoing regarding the treatment of the final effluent, as

under the Soviet system, chlorination of effluent (for disinfection) was the norm. However, disinfection is

not the norm in Europe and in fact the addition of chlorine is a biological hazard to the aquatic ecosystems to

which the effluent will be discharged. It would be preferable to use ultraviolet (UV) radiation or rely on

natural exposure to UV to reduce bacteria loadings in the final effluent. The recommendation to use UV has

been made strongly in this EIA and also in discussions with Amelioration JSC, who are very supportive of

this approach and the intention is to implement this.

Air quality

Construction phase

It will be the responsibility of the construction management to schedule construction activities and to apply

best practices for dust control, to minimize occurrences of excessive dust concentrations in sensitive

neighbouring areas and at the worksite. It will be the responsibility of the construction management to apply

best practices for reducing fuel consumption and exhaust emissions, wherever feasible. Aspects such as a

reduction of idle driving, selection of new equipment where possible and maintenance of all machinery and

engines should be encouraged.

Operational phase

Adverse air quality effects are not predicted during operation, due to the nature of the project. All machinery

will either be new and/or will be maintained according to the manufacturer’s service programme.

Furthermore, significant noxious odours are only typically generated from a WWTP in the vicinity of

pumping operations, where an aerosol effect is produced or when sewage has gone septic due to operational

problems. All the main potential locations where noxious odour could be generated will be housed and

ventilated. In addition, there are no sensitive receptors nearby to the operating facility, which is located at the

edge of town well away from residential areas.

102 / 145

Noise

Construction phase

The nature and extent of the works, particularly those involving replacement of the water distribution system

will result in noise and disturbance to local residents. Amelioration JSC will ensure that the contractor

minimizes disruption and noise, by inter alia, liaising with residents. It must also be noted that the residents

are supportive of the project, as it will result in provision of a reliable, constant water supply and will

therefore generally be tolerant of disruption to some extent.

According to the Azerbaijan standards allowable noise level should be 65 dBA in daytime; and 45 dBA at

night-time, which is close to the international standards.

Mitigation

There are three ways to reduce noise emissions: mitigation at the source, mitigation along the path and

mitigation at the receptor. The following examples of construction noise mitigation methods could be

considered during planning of the works and are expected to be a source of guidance to the contractors. In

many cases, the magnitude of the dB reduction can first be ascertained when construction work has begun

and measurements can be made.

Source controls

In general, source controls are the most effective method of mitigating noise. The impact of a noise

source is reduced before it emits offensive noise levels.

Operational phase

Negligible operational noise is anticipated, as the pumping stations will be housed within buildings and the

new WWTP is situated far away from residential housing in a fenced compound and is designed to emit

limited noise.

Ecology and protected areas

Construction phase

The main potential effects on ecology are associated with water intake; the associated access road upgrade;

construction of the new pipeline route water supply to the town; construction of the new reservoirs

themselves; and construction of the interceptor and new WWTP

The offtake and reservoir construction work will have to be carefully designed during the detailed design

phase to avoid damage to the riparian habitat.

The widening of the access road may affect habitats associated, however nothing particularly rare or unusual

is anticipated due to the disturbed nature of the general location, which was until recent years well populated

and farmed by some crops.

The work will need to be undertaken carefully, with good planning (in the detailed design stage) to conserve

topsoil; reduce encroachment and damage to features such as tree roots; avoid water pollution; avoid erosion

103 / 145

and soil or material run-off; and ensure good reinstatement. Full adherence to good site practice should be

ensured, as well as storage and handling of fuels and oils to avoid contamination.

Protected areas

There are no protected areas potentially affected by the project, although to the south- west of Siyazan rayon

Altiagac State reserve exists (see Figure 8.1).

Figure 8.1. Protected area map

Operational phase

The receiving watercourses and ground waters currently adversely affected by polluting untreated

wastewaters will be expected to improve considerably and can be expected to see improvements as nutrient

and bacteria levels significantly reduce.

Surface and ground water

Construction phase

Many of the risks to surface and groundwater are similar to those already covered under the soils section

above and are therefore not repeated here. Due to the nature of the works there is the potential for spillage of

104 / 145

wastewater to ground or watercourse, which is generally poorly treated or untreated and could also lead to

the spread of disease to workers or local residents.

In addition, the wastewater from existing pipelines and sumps will require to be purged. Likely options are to

either empty the wastewater into temporary excavated pits and then remove the material by suction into

septic tanks on sewer trucks or continue to use soakaways until connections to the sewer area made.

Mitigation

Fuel and oil storage

Fuel and oil storage tanks will not be located within 50m of any watercourse, well or dry river bed. Certain

plant and equipment may be required to be maintained in a position closer than 50m from the water course

(and are not able to be relocated just for refueling) and therefore special measures will be implemented to

avoid spillage of fuels and oils, such as deployment of spill-retaining materials, mobile drip trays and the like

ad specific training given to operators in this regard.

Areas for road tanker parking and delivery shall be hard surfaced (concrete) and drained to an interceptor.

Discharge of rainwater and waste from these areas will be via a treatment system designed to meet the water

discharge standards.

At each site where diesel is delivered and stored, spillage equipment shall be installed to contain any spillage

during loading. Specific drainage requirements, which include oil interceptors, will be put in place at

facilities where diesel is stored and used.

All fuel storage areas will be securely fenced and locked to prevent un authorized access. Only Refueling

Operators will be allowed to dispense fuel as set out below. All fuel storage areas will be equipped with an

adequate supply of spill containment materials.

Exceptions to the above are to be made for smaller fuel equipment. Generators will be self-bunded and will

have an integral fuel tank. Refueling will be undertaken as per the procedures below.

Refueling will be carried out by the nominated Refueling Operators who will be specifically trained in the

relevant procedures. Upon arriving at the refueling areas, the Refueling Operators will dispense the required

fuel.

Drip Trays

The use of integral drip trays for generators, tanks and other fixed plant will be will be encouraged

throughout the project.

Individual drip trays will be necessary for temporary secondary containment of materials.

Storage and Use of Chemicals

All chemicals will be stored in designated, locked storage areas, taking care to ensure segregation of

potentially reactive substance (e.g. flammables should not be stored with toxic substances). These areas will

have an enclosed drainage system/bund to avoid contamination. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) will be

provided for all substances and used in project health and safety assessments.

105 / 145

Efforts will be made to avoid and minimize the use of hazardous chemicals during construction where

possible.

Operational phase

The average flow rate in Baku 1 and Baku 2 canals is 4000l/s. With water intake to be 64.6 l/s, no adverse

impact is envisaged on the operation of the canals, other users and the original water source (Shollar

springs).

An improved situation in the receiving watercourses and adjacent wetlands currently adversely affected by

polluting untreated wastewaters is expected.

Groundwater impacts

The water resources in the project area include groundwater, which can be expected to benefit from the

reduction in discharge of untreated wastewater.

SOCIAL – CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT

Construction phase

The main effects on the local community during construction are associated with the considerable disruption

that the works will have within the town through excavation of defunct infrastructure and installation of new

water mains and sewer pipes in the roads and connection of water supply pipes and water meters to

individual properties. The proximity of the works to residents also raises the issue of health and safety, as

well as traffic disruption and interference with access to houses, work places and public buildings such as

hospitals and schools.

There may be land acquisition issues associated with construction of the service reservoirs and the

connecting pipelines, as the infrastructure may cross parcels of privately owned land. Potential land issues

may arise due to permanent restrictions on land use above any buried pipeline or due to temporary

occupation of land during construction. These aspects will all be considered during the detailed design and

the contractor will be made fully aware of the RPF and RAP policies. The RAP will be developed by

Amelioration JSC once the details of the resettlement aspects are known.

Mitigation

Safety at the work site, both for workers and residents has been discussed at length with Amelioration JSC,

who will ensure that contractors develop and implement safe working practices. The construction contractor

will train its personnel on safety, environment and quality control, as well as implementation of all the safety

rules. Works will be guided by existing laws, sanitary rules and Amelioration JSC work manuals.

The following measures will be taken to protect the health of personnel working in polluted areas:

• Health and safety training will be conducted as part of project induction for all workers;

106 / 145

• All personnel will be supplied with special coveralls and the minimum PPE;

• Personnel working in excavation of polluted soils and collection, loading, transportation and

disposal of sewage waters will be supplied with protective safety glasses, gloves, long rubber

boots and dust masks;

• Mobile shower cabins will be set up for personnel;

• Personnel will pass regular medical check-ups.

• Use of asbestos and other dangerous substances is not planned.

As referenced earlier, impacts on people and their economic activity, public transport and agricultural

activities during construction phase are possible. Construction sites will be divided into sections, works will

be planned according to a schedule prepared beforehand and people and organizations will be notified ahead

of time. Borders of construction sites will be marked, safety boards will be placed, signs regulating

movement of pedestrians and traffic will be erected.

Furthermore, discussions have been held with Amelioration JSC regarding the need to keep residents

informed of planned activities, but also to be receptive to their requirements. Thus contractors will be

required to develop a traffic management plan in consultation with Amelioration JSC and the municipality

and to discuss this at a public meeting prior to start of the works. This should ensure that disruption of

residents is minimized and works are co-ordinated to limit impeded access.

Work with asbestos

The International Labor Organization (ILO) established an Asbestos Convention (C162) in 1986 to promote

national laws and regulations for the “prevention and control of, and protection of workers against, health

hazards due to occupational exposure to asbestos. The convention outlines aspects of best practice: Scope

and Definitions, General Principles, Protective and Preventive Measures, Surveillance of the Working

Environment, and Workers’ Health. Some of the ILO asbestos convention requirements:

Work clothing to be provided by employers;

Double changing rooms and wash facilities to prevent dust from going home on street clothes;

Training of workers about the health hazards to themselves and their families;

Periodic medical examinations of workers,

Periodic air monitoring of the work environment, with records retained for 30 years;

Development of a work plan prior to demolition work, to protect workers and provide for proper waste

disposal; and

Protection from “retaliatory and disciplinary measures” of workers who remove themselves from work

that they are justified in believing presents a serious danger to health.

107 / 145

8.1 Implementation of Mitigation Measures

This section of the report further elaborates on the mitigation measures to address the potential negative

environmental impacts. The impacts, proposed measures and institutional responsibilities are summarized

and tabulated in the environmental management plan (EMP) in Table8.2. It outlines the management

mechanisms (i.e. working arrangements) for how the environmental and social elements of the project will

be managed from detailed design and construction through operation.

The EMP contains environmental requirements which are required for the successful implementation of

mitigation measures, environmental monitoring, emergency measures and environmental auditing to be

carried out during the construction works on the site. The implementation of mitigation measures and

emergency measures shall be the responsibility of the Contractor. The Contractor will ensure compliance

with all environmental legislation, regulations and conventions. The responsibility for environmental

monitoring lies with the Amelioration JSC and the World Bank.

108 / 145

Table 8.4 Potential Main Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Stage

Environment

Or Social

Component

Potential Impacts Impact Mitigation Measures

Estimated Cost Of Impact Mitigation Measures

Responcibility

Monitoring

Construction

Air quality

Dust, gases/aerosol associated with construction (toxic gasses discharged by construction machineries, wind blown construction materials etc.)

Dust prevention by watering and other means;Transportation of grainy or dusty materials in the top-coated trucks;Watering of dust sources;Transportation of dust producing materials during calm days (not in the windy days);Avoid making open fires;Avoid setting fire on residue grease, isolation materials, and other substances;Efficient use of machinery and other technologies;Application of adequate construction methodologies and facilities;Careful implementation of works in vulnerable areas.

Provision of water: $10,000


Contractor


Earth

Waste pollution, especially wastes caused by construction and domestic activities;Material storage, civil works and other impacts;Landfill of wastes and other materials;Impacts of excavation works;Possibility of erosion;Wastewater.

Protection of the surroundings of the construction site;Limited works in the vulnerable zones;Identify adequate areas to store residue materials, and transportation of all construction related effluent materials into the predetermined site;Control of erosion process;Provide earth stabilization/green cover over vertical points and slopes to minimize land slide risks;Prevent discharge of excavated material to the river beds or lakes;Avoid unwanted traffic blockage, collect excavated spoil material and discharge somewhere close to the construction site;Discharge wastewater flows to the closest sewage line, installation of toilets and septic tanks.

Provision of materials and cover to prevent landslide risks: $10,000

Traffic management signage: $5,000


Contractor


Topsoil

Damage to the topsoil resulting from material storage, excavation works, temporary roads etc. Loss of topsoil during excavation;Flushing of topsoil

Adequate design works and selection of proper route to minimize impact on the topsoil;Usage of excavated soil material for the agriculture purposes;Cut, store and restore topsoil where possible after the completion of the construction works;Discharge of materials to the

Proper storage of toxic materials/effluents: $12,500

Measures against landslides addressed above

No cost for other

Contractor


109 / 145

Stage

Environment

Or Social

Component



Responcibility

Monitoring

and soil erosion due to polluted water streams;

predetermined areas by secondary routs;Measures against land slides Storage of toxic materials and effluents in the safe and predetermined areas, its provision with drainage waters, and processing where necessary;Standards applied, including soil erosion prevention by good soil practice and drainage control. Good soil conservation measures and effective reins to prevent future erosion and soil loss.

measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedures.

Water resources and waste waters

Pollution of surface and groundwater sources due to domestic and construction effluents, including harmful residues, leakage of fuel and other oil related products;Blockage of surface and groundwater filtration and creation of stagnant water accumulations.Connected with project connected with project problems of water scarcity in low flow periods of the year and also those connected with the increase of water supply problem for other users which use the same sources

Avoid discharge of harmful chemical substances into sewage lines or ground surface;Design and operation of natural drainage and consideration for alternative directions;Discharge wastewater flows to the closest sewage line, installation of toilets and septic tanks.Required standards applied, including safe removal of wastewater during renovation works, use of appropriate equipment by workers and ongoing liaison with residents and fencing off contaminated areas.

Balanced use of water sources to avoid significant pressure on them in low flow period and also eliminate water shortage problems for all users.


Contractor


Construction

Noise

Disturbance due to noise generated from construction works and intensive traffic

Use of adequate construction materials and equipment;Adherence to predetermined work schedule to minimize disturbance and implementation of noise generating works during normal work hours;Minimum use of noise generating equipment (example, stone cutters, compressors);Minimize traffic during dark hours, and use of silencers.


Contractor


Natural habitat

Disturbance of the natural habitat due to construction

Adequate storage, processing or liquidation of wastes;Application of relevant

No cost for identified measures provided

Contractor

Supervisor/ Amelioration

110 / 145

Stage

Environment

Or Social

Component



Responcibility

Monitoring

related noise, dust, non-seasonal works, unprocessed residues and etc. Loss of natural settlement areas due to construction works.

construction and seasonal work methodologies;Protection of vulnerable areas located close to the construction site.

they are integrated into normal operating procedures

JSC

Flora and fauna

Earthworks, operation of machines, noise and etc.;Losses or degradations during and after construction works, non-seasonal works, change of ecological situation etc.

Adequate storage, processing or liquidation of wastes;Protection of vulnerable areas located close to the construction site;Application of seasonal work methodologies where necessary.

Storage, processing, liquidation of wastes addressed above


Contractor


Construction

Aesthetics and landscape

Impact of works on landscape and disturbance to natural sights, greenness and trees;Noise, dust, residue and etc. during and after construction.

Careful design and location of works;Restoration of damaged trees, protection lines and etc.;Planting of greenery in the construction site, careful implementation of works in the work sites, and management of wastes.

Restoration/planting of greenery: $50,000

No cost for remaining measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedures.

Contractor


Agriculture

Damage to agricultural lands, including drainage and irrigation infrastructure.

Liaise effectively with relevant organizations and residents before start of construction, maintain dialogue, develop a grievance procedure, strictly control machinery and vehicle access and reinstate all affected areas


Contractor


Livestock

Livestock resources damaged by machinery and vehicles.

Liaise effectively with farmers and residents before start of construction, maintain dialogue, develop a grievance procedure, strictly control machinery and vehicle access and reinstate all affected areas


Contractor


Health and safety of residents and workers

Health risks from unprocessed wastes;Use of harmful substances (paints with heavy metal, lead compositions), asbestos- cement slabs, inflammable and toxic

Planning of measures dealing with security and environmental protection issues;Adherence to project standards, good signage, ongoing consultation with residents, including schools. All workers to use appropriate PPE and be trained at project induction. Safety fencing provided.Organization and

Trainings: $25,000


Contractor


111 / 145

Stage

Environment

Or Social

Component



Responcibility

Monitoring

materials etc.). implementation of security and safety related trainings;WB requirements will be followed when replacing the asbestos-cement pipes.

Management of materials in accordance with the relevant ecological and sanitary-hygiene norms;Identification of dangerous sites, proper storage/liquidation of waste materials.

Construction of warehouse for temporal storage of hazardous wastes: $50,000

Areas of historical and cultural value

Damage to areas of historical and cultural value located in the project area

There are no areas of historic/cultural value to be affected by project. But if it appears relevant measures need to be takenStaff awareness;Inform adequate organizations in case of archeological findings;Temporary termination of works.


Contractor


Resettlement Land aquisation]

Loss of property, land and damage to living areas of population

There no need for resettlement. For areas where lands used for agricultural crop production relevant plans need to be prepared, which includes provision of replacement lands or compensation for lost access to plots of arable land and lost fruit or nut trees.

Costs for resettlement (if any) to be negotiated by project owner in accordance with relevant legislation, contractual agreement or other documents.

Contractor


Operations (potable water systems)

Risks to human health and environment

Quality of treated water

Operation supervision of treatment facilities in due accordance with the operation guidelines;Quality control of water flows entering the system;Avoid pollution of treated waters with the wastewater flows;Avoid over-chlorination of water flows supplied to the consumers.


Contractor


Breakages and emergency situations

There is need to develop scheduled preventative maintenance Training of staff on safety and human security issues;Measures to avoid leakage of chlorine gas.

Training cost identified belowNo cost for remaining measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedures

Contractor


Social-economical

Reduction of treated water quantities

Prevent illegal connections to the system;Proper operation of the system including water treatment, pipelines, connection lines and etc.Ensure an affordable tariff structure and proper collection of

No cost for remaining measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedure

Contractor


112 / 145

Stage

Environment

Or Social

Component



Responcibility

Monitoring

fees.

Operations(sewage and wastewater)

Risks to human health and environmental impacts

Quality of wastewater and its impacts on human health and environment

Constant monitoring of wastewater flows coming out of the wastewater treatment plant;Discharge of wastewater into the environment only after adequate treatment;Training of operation staff for their qualification raising;Monitoring of downstream habitats to evaluate the extent to which they return to their previously unpolluted state.

Monitoring of downstream environmental quality: $12,500 one time every 2 years for 20 years


Contractor


Quality of sediments in the treatment structures (sludge), risks due to agricultural consumption of these wastes.

Adequate processing of sludge;Monitoring of nematodes, coliforms and heavy metals in the composition of output sludge;Transportation of sludge in the closed containers;Training of operation staff for their qualification raising.Training In application of sludge, and monitoring of sludge application

Monitoring of sludge quality: $10,000/yearTransportation of sludge $10,000/year

Training cost identified below

Contractor


Smell generations in the wastewater treatment structure;

Planning and management of smell mitigation;Tight shutting of smell producing equipment and containers.

Odour masking agents: $US 5,000/year


Contractor


Operations(potable water, sewage and wastewater)

Safe storage of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes

Risks to human health

Use of authorized sites for non-hazardous waste disposal; support and arrangements for setting facilities for hazardous waste safe storage

Training: $25,000 in first year; $5,000/year in each following year


Contractor


Human health

Risks to health of residents and workers and to the environment

Training of staff on safety and human security issues;Training of staff on sanitary and hygiene rules to prevent infections from wastewater discharges and sludge residues;Provide staff with adequate protection uniforms and facilities;Measures to prevent emergency situations such as leakage of

Contractor


113 / 145

Stage

Environment

Or Social

Component



Responcibility

Monitoring

chlorine gas.Monitoring of drinking water and wastewater quality

Note: All mitigation measures identified in this Table should be specified in all bidding documents (Bill of Quantities) and contracts for construction and operation of the project, and should also be including in all manuals or operating procedures that are developed. Based on above assessment in total around 200000 USD need to be allocated to implement main mitigation measures

The Contractor will be contractually required to conform to the requirements specified in the EIA and EMP

and will be accountable to Amelioration JSC, as the client, through its Project Implementation Unit (PIU). It

is recommended (as agreed with Amelioration JSC) that the project environmental and social safeguard

objectives will be achieved if the construction supervision consultant has an environmental expertise and

carries out environmental supervision as part of the overall project supervision.. The precise details have not

yet been determined, but the consultant will advise and support the PIU in implementation of the EIA

standards during construction and into operation. Furthermore, local Bank staff will work with the consultant

and the PIU during development of the environmental plans.

There are several mechanisms of ensuring delivery during construction of both general and site specific

mitigation developed in EIAs. One mechanism favored for the project involves requiring the Contractor to

further develop the outline requirements in an EMP by designing individual Management Plans, such as oil

and fuel storage, waste management, traffic management and pollution prevention.

This approach for each individual scheme will benefit from oversight by the PIU to form a set of

environmental requirements applicable to the project as a whole, which will ensure compliance of the work

to both national and Bank standards. Such measures will be mandated in the bidding and contract documents,

so that an overall good standard of work is achieved. This approach also has benefits of institutional capacity

training, as the knowledge and capability of Amelioration JSC will be extended to effective environmental

management and as each scheme comes on stream the PIU will benefit from knowledge gained on previous

schemes. Main elements of the Specific Management Plans are given in able 8.3

Table 8.3 List of Specific Management Plans

Specific Management Plan

Outline of Content

Waste Management

Measures to reduce, handle, separate, store and dispose waste from operations and work sites. Requirements for monitoring, recording, inspection and reporting. Instructions for the storage and handling of various types of hazardous materials.

114 / 145

Specific Management Plan

Outline of Content

Waste Water Management

Measures to control, collect, treat or reuse wastewater from various sources to avoid pollution.

Air Quality Control

Measures to reduce and control air emission from various sources. Requirements for monitoring, recording, inspection and reporting.

Dust Control Measures to reduce and control dust emissions from roads, work sites and construction activities. Requirements for monitoring, recording, inspection and reporting.

Noise and Vibration Control

Measures to reduce and control noise and vibrations generated by plant at all work sites and from transport activities. Requirements for monitoring, recording, inspection and reporting.

Traffic Management

Procedures for minimising disruption to traffic and access, especially for public buildings such as hospitals and schools.

Emergency Response

Procedures for response to a range of incidents and emergencies. Requirements for monitoring, recording, inspection and reporting.

Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

Measures to reduce adverse impacts on cultural heritage during construction. If any late finds are made measures must be taken to ensure ‘conservation’ in accordance with legislation.

Oil and fuel storage and refuelling

Specification for storage of all oils and fuels (secondary containment etc) and procedures for refuelling vehicles, plant and equipment so as to ensure environmental protection.

Site Inspection Procedures for site inspection and reporting including notification of non-compliance

Handling of Complaints and Grievances

Procedures for handling of complaints including response to complainer and reporting.

Environmental Training

- Project Induction- Toolbox talksTraining requirements and procedures including target groups, contents of training sessions and verification.

Storage and use of hazardous products & substances

Registration, logging of material safety data sheets and risk assessment of materials and chemicals being used in the project. Documentation requirements.

Reinstatement Plan

Plan for topsoil management and removal of all equipment and materials from temporary work sites and reinstatement of areas to a standard at least as good as the pre-construction condition.

8.2. Monitoring

Conducting monitoring is the major strategic tool in environmental management and the extent of project

monitoring will be dependent on the nature, scale and potential impact of the project activities. Monitoring

may require the services of environmental specialists or a company with laboratory and analytical facilities

(for complex environmental problems) or inspection by the local government environmental officers.

115 / 145

Main elements of the environmental monitoring plan are the following:

In construction phase:

Dust monitoring;

Noise monitoring;

Solid wastes monitoring;

Waste waters monitoring;

Soil monitoring.

In utilization phase:

Monitoring of water volume in water sources and water storages;

Monitoring of microbiological and chemical composition of water distributed to people, comparison

to water standards;

Monitoring of pollution level of sewage;

Monitoring of waste waters after purification;

Monitoring of depositions settled in water cleaning plants;

Monitoring of cleaned sewage in the place where it joins to sewage collector;

Monitoring of soil where depositions generated in water cleaning plants will be used as fertilizers.

Monitoring of all activities during the construction period will be under the responsibility of the Contractor,

whose environmental performance will be controlled by the Amelioration JSC (PIU and Environmental

Specialist) and supervision consultant appointed by PIU. The Contractor will prepare Specific Management

Plans (see Table 8.3 above)_ addressing all aspects of the EMP, and will establish a team for the monitoring

activities(Table 8.3).

The Contractor will be responsible for the compliance of the constructions with the national norms and

standards. Monitoring of construction activities will have to ensure that mitigation measures of construction

impacts are being implemented properly. The Contractor’s Environmental Team will be subject to the

government inspections(MENR, MoH) from time to time. The PIU may involve an individual auditing

company to conduct additional environmental monitoring of the Contractor’s performance. The construction

supervision consultant should have an environmental expert who will provide environmental monitoring of

construction work and report to PIU. Based on the inputs from supervision consultant and auditing company

the PIU should handle raised environmental issues and regularly report to the World Bank as part of overall

project progress reporting

116 / 145

The Environmental Monitoring Plan (see Table 8.4 below) has been prepared based on the initial monitoring

plan developed as part of the Feasibility Study.

117 / 145

Table 8.4. Environmental Monitoring Plan

Item Element Location Type of monitoring Frequency of monitoring Purpose of monitoring Cost

Construction repair works

Dust In the construction sites

Visual monitoring

During periodic site visits to be carried on daily basis by contractor and by monitor appointed in the contract

To ensure adherence to environmental protection requirements

2500 USD

Project site and surrounding area Each month Relevance to standards and rules

2500 USD

Wastewater flows generated in the construction sites

In the construction sites

Visual monitoringDuring monthly site visits


2500 USD

Collection of solid wastes

In the construction sites Visual monitoring During periodic site

visits


2500 USD

Utilization of solid wastes Abandoned areas Visual monitoring During periodic site

visits


2500 USD

Use of dangerous materials h (paints with heavy metals, lead compositions, asbestos-cement slabs, pipes, inflammable and toxic substances etc.)

In the construction sites with right documentation

Visual monitoring and study of documentation Each month


2500 USD

Protective measures in the construction site

In the construction sites with right documentation

Visual monitoring Each monthTo ensure adherence to environmental protection and safety requirements

2500 USD

118 / 145

Protection of nature In the construction sites Visual monitoring Each month


2500 USD

Earth restoration after excavation works

In the construction sites Visual monitoring At completion of

construction works


2500 USD

Noise & vibrations resulting from equipment work

Project area/close to settlements Portative noise metering device During periodic site

visits,on daily basis


2500 USD

Traffic operation /movement

In the construction sites

visual monitoring of machinery and b) trucks carrying construction materials

During periodic site visits


2500 USD

Reduced access In the construction sites visual monitoring During periodic site

visits on daily basisTo ensure adherence to requirements

1000 USD

Vehicle and pedestrian safety when there is no construction activity

In the construction sites visual monitoring by supervisor On daily basis during

nonworking hours To ensure adherence to requirements

2500 USD

Operation Utilization of solid wastes Abandoned areas Visual Periodic visits


1000 USD

Quality of treated potable water

Inlet to treatment structure

Measuring (pH, turbidity, suspended solids, bacteria)

In accordance with the schedule

Relevance to standards and norms

6000 USD Each year

Adequacy of treated potable water to standards

Outlet to treatment structure

Measuring (physical-chemical and bacteriological, including heavy metals and pesticides on permanent basis)


Relevance to potable water standards

6000 USD

Quality of treated wastewater

Outlet to treatment structure

Measuring (physical-chemical and bacteriological analyses)


Relevance to standards and norms

6000 USD each year

119 / 145

Water quality (visual, water smell, bacteriological, chemical)

At up and downstream points of water discharge and water discharge areas (basins)

Each monthTo ensure adherence to environmental protection requirements

6000 USD

Quality of sludge (sediments)

Monitoring of nemotodes, coliforms and heavy metals of sludge composition

Physical, chemical and bacteriological analyses After sludge processing

Relevance to FAO requirements for neutralization or reuse for agricultural purposes

6000 USD

1

120 / 145

8.3. Capacity Assessment for the Environmental Management of the Project

There is a Department on Control of Protection and Use of Water Resources in the Amelioration JSC,

consisting of 5 staff trained under several international initiatives and programs (e.g. ADB Flood Mitigation

Project). The main functions of this department include also control of compliance with water quality and

quantity requirements during the abstraction and use of water resources for different purposes.. The PIU for

this project has a full-time Environmental Specialist who has obtained significant experience under the

Irrigation and Drainage Project financed by the World Bank. In order to further strengthen the capacity of the

PIU and the Amelioration JSC (including its local departments), the project will provided resources for

specifically targeted training sessions to cover aspects of environmental management for both construction

and operational phases of water projects. Also, the project will involve international consultancy services to

supervise the construction works, which will include environmental supervision expertise.

LIST OF REFERENCES

1. Verdiyev R. H. Water resources of the East Caucasus rivers, under the climate changes. Baku 2002,

Elm, p. 224.

2. Potable water. Hygienic requirements to quality of water of the centralized systems of potable

water supply. Sanitary- drinking norms. M. 1996- p.111.

3. Rustamov S.G., Kashkay R.M. Water resources of the rivers Azerbaijan SSR, Baku, Elm 1989, p.

180.

4. Project of UNDP/SİDA: Reducing trans-boundary degradation of the Kura-Aras river basin.

Institutional aspects of water sector of South Caucasus countries, Tbilisi 2005.

5. Project of UNDP/SİDA: Reducing trans-boundary degradation of the Kura-Aras River Basin. An

estimation of Legislative needs for reducing of degradation of the Kura-Aras River Basin, Tbilisi

2005.

6. Farda İmanov, Rafig Verdiyev. Protection of the small rivers of flowing into the Caspian Sea with

participation of public, Baku 2006, 108 p , Adilogli editorial office.

7. Gauff and Temelsu JV Int. Eng. Ser. Inc. Joint Venture. Feasibility Studies of Water Supply and

Wastewater Investments in 16 Rayons. Agsu. August 2010, Baku, Azerbaijan

8. www.eco.gov.az

9. www.worldbank.org

10. www.azersu.az

11. www. ec.europa. eu

121 / 145

http://www.ec.europa.eu/

http://www.azersu.az/

http://www.worldbank.org/

http://www.eco.gov.az/

ANNEXESANNEX I. Project Area in Siyazan region

122 / 145

ANNEX II. Proposed WS option

123 / 145

Annex III. Proposed Sewage System option

124 / 145

ANNEX IV. Proposed alternative Sewage System option

125 / 145

ANNEX V. Proposed water distribution system

126 / 145

ANNEX VI. DRINKING WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS AND STANDARDS

Drinking water treatment requirements should determined according to the quality of raw water from the different sources.EU Council Directive 75/440/EEC describes the quality required for surface water which is intended for the abstraction of drinking water in the EU Member States:

The surface water is divided into 3 categories (A1, A2, A3) according to limiting values:Category A1: Simple physical treatment and disinfection, e. g. rapid filtration and disinfectionCategory A2: Normal physical treatment, chemical treatment and disinfection, e. g. pre-chlorination, coagulation, flocculation, decantation, filtration, disinfection (final chlorination)Category A3: Intensive physical and chemical treatment, extended treatment and disinfection, e. g. chlorination to break-point, coagulation, flocculation, decantation, filtration, adsorption (activated carbon), disinfection (ozone, final chlorination)

In the summary project FS document proposes to consider the values according to EU Directive 75/440/EEC as criterion for this Project. It has to be emphasized that treated water quality must meet the limiting values set in “EU Council Directive 98/83/EC of 3 November 1998 on the Quality of Water Intended for Human Consumption”. Parametric values are divided in

A) Microbiological Parameters

B) Chemical Parameters

C) Indicator Parameters

The parameters and the limiting values are listed in Annex I to Council Directive 98/83/EC.

Relevant water qualiity standards in Azerbaijan are given in below Table.

Table. Water qiality standards in Azerbaijan

INDICATOR Standards

pH 6,0-9,0Turbidity 1.5 mg/lMicroorganism (Colonies are formed in 1 ml test water) <100

Coliform bacteria (coliform index), intestinal bacteria formed in 1 litre of test water

<3

Nitrates (N03) 45 mg/l

Nitrites (N02) 3 mg/l

Chlorides 350 mg/l

Phosphates 1.0 mg/l

Sulfates (S04) 500 mg/l

Total hardness 7 mmol/1

Remained chlorine 0.3-0.5

Al 0.5 mg/l

127 / 145

As 0.05 mg/l

Fe 0. 3 mg/l

Ni 0.1 mg/l

Cr (Cr6+) 0.05 mg/l

Cu (Cr2+) 1 mg/l

Zn 5 mg/l

Cd 0.001 mg/l

Pb 0.03 mg/l

Hg 0.0005 mg/l

128 / 145

ANNEX VII WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS RESULTS OF SIYAZAN

Organoleptic parameters

Odour qualitative

Taste qualitative Turbidity Suspended

Sediment

Lab N Sample ID TON Dilution number NTU mg/l

11579 Siyazan Pumping station -1 Baku-2 canal 1 1 <1 <111580 Siyazan Pumping station 21 Baku-1 canal 1 1 <1 <1

MDL ND ND 1 1RSD(%) ND ND 5 5

EU98 (Council Directive 98/83/EC) no abnormal change

no abnormal change

no abnormal change

ND

WHO's drinking water standards 1993 ND ND ND ND

US EPA 3 3 4 NDГОСТ 2874-82 2 2 ND 1.5

TON- threshold odour numberMDL- Method Detection LimitRSD(%)- Relative Standard Deviation in % of measured valueEU98- Drinking water quality standards- Council Directive 98/83/EC on the quality of water intended for human consumption. Adopted on 3 November 1998WHO- World Health OrganizationUSEPA- United States Environmental Pollution AgencyGOST- Former Soviet Union Standardization AgencyND- not determined

129 / 145

Sensoric & Physical-chemical parameters

Water temperature* Color Conductivity,

25°C

Redox-Potential, 25°C

pH value, 25°C

Dissolved Oxygen, O2

Hardness Total Alkalinity Bromine

Lab N Project ID °C mg/l Pt/Co uS/cm mV mg/l mgCaCO3/l mgCaCO3/l mg/l

11581 Siyazan Pumping-1 Baku-2 canal 16 <5 634 230 7.74 8.62 320 257 <0.05

11580 Siyazan Pumping station 21 Baku-1 canal 16 <5 640 239 7.78 8.6 308 253 <0.05

MDL ND 5 10 10 ND ND 10 10 0.05RSD(%) ND ND 5.0 5.0 ND ND 5.0 5.0 5.0

EU98 (Council Directive 98/83/EC) ND no abnormal change 2500 ND 6.5÷9.5 ND ND ND ND

WHO's drinking water standards 1993 ND ND 2500 ND 6.5÷8.5 ND ND ND NDUS EPA ND 15 ND ND 6.5÷8.5 ND ND ND NDГОСТ 2874-82 ND 20 ND ND 6.0÷9.0 ND 7 mol/m3 ND ND*Measured during sampling; ND- not determined

130 / 145

Anions

Chloride, Cl

Sulphate, SO4

Bicarbonate HCO3

Nitrite, NO2

Nitrate, NO3

Fluoride, F

Cyanides, CN-

Lab N Project ID mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l

11581 Siyazan Pumping station-1 Baku-2 canal 9.7 92 313 0.007 14.2 0.15 0.004

11580 Siyazan Pumping station 21 Baku-1 canal 15 94 309 0.005 12.1 0.16 0.004

MDL 0.5 0.5 10 0.002 0.1 0.02 0.002RSD (%) 5.0 5.0 5.0 2.0 2.0 5.0 5.0

EU98 (Council Directive 98/83/EC) 250 250 ND 0.5 50 1.5 0.05WHO's drinking water standards 1993 250 500 ND ND 50 1.5 0.07US EPA 250 250 ND 1 10 4.0 0.2ГОСТ 2874-82 350 500 ND ND 45 0.7 ND

131 / 145

Cations

Sodium,Na

Potassium, K

Calcium,Ca

Magnesium. Mg

Ammonium, NH4

Boron,B

Lab N Project ID mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l

11581 Siyazan Pumping station-1 Baku-2 canal 21.3 2.23 76.4 28.9 <0.01 <0.2

11580 Siyazan Pumping station 21 Baku-1 canal 33.6 2.55 67.0 29.7 <0.01 <0.2

MDL 0.001 0.01 0.01 0.001 0.02 0.2RSD(%) 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.7 5.0 5.0

EU98 (Council Directive 98/83/EC) 200 ND ND ND 0.5 1.0WHO's drinking water standards 1993 200 ND ND ND ND NDUS EPA 200 ND ND ND ND NDGOST ND ND ND ND ND ND

132 / 145

Radionuclides

Radium 226

Radium 228 Lead 210 Tritium

Total indicative dose

Lab N Project ID Bq/l Bq/l Bq/l Bq/l mSv/year

11581 Siyazan Pumping station-1 Baku-2 canal <0.41 <0.29 <2.7 <1 0.1

11580 Siyazan Pumping station 21 Baku-1 canal <0.41 <0.29 <2.7 <1 0.1

EU98 (Council Directive 98/83/EC) ND ND ND 100 0.1WHO's drinking water standards 1993 ND ND ND ND NDUS EPA 180 ND ND NDГОСТ 2874-82 ND ND ND ND ND

133 / 145

Heavy metals

Aluminium, Al

Arsenic, As

Chromium Cr

Nickel, Ni

Selenium, Se

Mercury, Hg

Antimony, Sb

Iron,Fe (total)

Manganese, Mn (total)

Copper, Cu

Cadmium, Cd

Lead,Pb

Lab N Project ID ug/l ug/l ug/l ug/l ug/l ug/l ug/l ug/l ug/l ug/l ug/l ug/l

11581Siyazan Pumping station-1 Baku-2 canal

1.01 0.35 0.61 0.043 1.14 <0.2 0.025 148.7 38.9 0.035 <0.01 0.012

11580Siyazan Pumping station 21 Baku-1 canal

0.84 0.29 1.10 0.084 0.84 <0.2 0.019 62.9 4.4 0.053 <0.01 <0.01

MDL 0.3 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.5 0.2 0.01 0.3 0.3 0.03 0.01 0.01RSD(%) 6.0 2.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 <5.0 5.0 1.2 2.5 4.0 <5.0 5.0

EU98 (Council Directive 98/83/EC) 200 10 50 20 10 1 5 200 50 2000 5 10

WHO's drinking water standards 1993 200 10 50 20 10 1 5 300 500 2000 3 10

US EPA 50 10 100 100 50 2 6 300 50 1300 5 15ГОСТ 2874-82 500 50 500 100 10 1 ND 300 100 1000 1 30

134 / 145

Total Organics characterization

Total organic carbon (TOC)

Permanganate index, O2

Lab N Project ID mg/l mg/l

11581 Siyazan Pumping station-1 Baku-2 canal <0.3 0.70

11580 Siyazan Pumping station 21 Baku-1 canal <0.3 0.64

MDL 0.3 0.4RSD(%) 5.0 5

EU98 (Council Directive 98/83/EC) ND 5WHO's drinking water standards 1993 ND NDUS EPA ND NDГОСТ 2874-82 ND ND

135 / 145

Microbiology characterization

Escheria coli

Coliform pathogens Enterococci Pseudomonas

aeruginosaClostridium perfringens

Colony count @ 22°

Colony count @ 36°C

Lab N Project ID c/100 ml c/100 ml c/100 ml c/100 ml c/100 ml c/1 ml c/1 ml

11581 Siyazan Pumping station-1 Baku-2 canal Not found Not found Not found Not found Not found 18 4

11580 Siyazan Pumping station 21 Baku-1 canal Not found Not found Not found Not found Not found 26 8

MDL 1 1 1 1 1 2 2RSD NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

EU98 (Council Directive 98/83/EC) 0/250 ml 0/100 ml 0/250 ml 0/250 ml 0/100 100/ml 20/mlWHO's drinking water standards 1993 ND ND ND ND ND ND NDГОСТ 2874-82 0 3 ND ND ND 100 NDNot found- Non detected bacteria during test; NA- Not Applicable

136 / 145

CONCLUSIONSAs results of fulfilled study program, following conclusions about water quality could be derived for studied samples:

Organoleptic parameters: Samples complies of both USSR ГОСТ 2874-82 drinking water quality standards as well as EU, WHO and EPA criteria.

Sensoric & Physical-chemical parameters:

Sample complies of both USSR ГОСТ 2874-82 drinking water quality standards as well as EU, WHO and EPA criteria.

Anions and Cations content: Sample complies of both USSR ГОСТ 2874-82 drinking water quality standards as well as EU, WHO criteria. But only nitrate content in sample were above US EPA criteria.

Radionuclide: Sample complies of both USSR ГОСТ 2874-82 drinking water quality standards as well as EU, WHO and EPA criteria.

Heavy metals: Samples complies of both USSR ГОСТ 2874-82 drinking water quality standards as well as EU, WHO and EPA criteria.

Total organics: Sample complies of both USSR ГОСТ 2874-82 drinking water quality standards as well as EU, WHO and EPA criteria.

Microbiology communities: Samples complies of both USSR ГОСТ 2874-82 drinking water quality standards as well as EU, WHO and EPA criteria.

Hazardous organics: These tests were not applied for these samples, because absence of oil hydrocarbons or pesticide pollution and plastic pipes are not using in current system.

ANNEX VIII . Characteristics of Surface Water Intended for the Abstraction of Drinking Water

Parameters Unit A1 A2 A3pH 6.5 – 8.5 5.5 – 9.0 5.5 – 9.0Coloration (after simple filtration) mg/l Pt scale 20 100 200Total suspended solids (SS) mg/l 25 (G) Temperature °C 25 25 25Conductivity at 20 °C μs/cm-1 1000 (G) 1000 (G) 1000 (G)

OdourDilution factor at 25 °C

3 (G) 20 (G) 20 (G)

Nitrates (NO3) mg/l 50 50 50Fluorides (F) mg/l 1.5 Dissiolved Iron (Fe) mg/l 0.3 2Manganese (Mn) mg/l 0.05 (G) 0.1 (G) 1 (G)Copper (Cu) mg/l 0.05 0.05 (G)Zinc (Zn) mg/l 3 5 5Boron (B) mg/l 1 (G) 1 (G) 1 (G) Arsenic (As) mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.1Cadmium (Cd) mg/l 0.005 0.005 0.005Total Chromium (Cr) mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.05Lead (Pb) mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.05Selenium (Se) mg/l 0.01 0.01 0.01Mercury (Hg) mg/l 0.001 0.001 0.001Barium (Ba) mg/l 0.1 0.1 0.1Cyanide mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.05Sulphates (SO4) mg/l 250 250 250Chlorides (Cl) mg/l 200 (G) 200 (G) 200 (G)Surfactants (reacting with methyl blue) mg/l 0.2 (G) 0.2 (G) 0.4(G)

137 / 145

(laurylsulphate)Phosphates (P2O5) mg/l 0.4 (G) 0.7 (G) 0.7(G)Phenoles (C6 H5OH) mg/l 0.001 0.005 0.1Dissolved or Emulsified Hydrocarbons mg/l 0.05 0.2 1Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons mg/l 0.0002 0.0002 0.001Pesticides mg/l 0.001 0.0025 0.005Dissolced Oxiygen Satuaration Rate % O2 > 70 (G) > 50 (G) > 30 (G)Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) mg/l O2 < 3 (G) < 5 (G) < 7 (G)Nitrogen (N) by Kjeldahl Method (Except NO3) mg/l

1 (G) 2 (G) 3 (G)

Ammonia (NH4) mg/l 0.05 (G) 1.5 4Substances Extrahable with Chloroform mg/l SEC 0.1 (G) 0.2 (G) 0.5 (G)Total Coliforms at 37 °C /100 ml 50 (G) 5000 (G) 50000(G)Faecal Coliforms /100 ml 20 (G) 2000 (G) 20000(G)Faecal Streptococci /100 ml 20 (G) 1000 (G) 10000(G)

Salmonella Not present in 1000 ml

Not present in 1000 ml

Note: values marked with “G” shall be respected as guidelines.Depending on the category the following standard methods of treatment for transforming surface water into drinking water are defined:

ANNEX IX TREATED WASTE WATER AND SLUDGE REQUIREMENTS

In the proposed FS document it is shown that WWTP should meet the requirements of international standards. As it states the amounts of 50 g BOD5/cap/d, 100 g COD/cap/d , 10.5 g N/cap/d and 70 g/cap/d total suspended substances seems to be consistent with acting standards and those used in other European countries like Germany, Turkey etc.

As there is no legislation in Azerbaijan defining the limit effluent values of WWTPs to use international standards for this purposes. The standard for wastewater treatment in the European Union is presented in the Urban Wastewater Directive 91/271/EEC issued on May 21 1991. The EU-Standard differentiates between sensitive and non-sensitive receiving water bodies.

Table 6.2 . Effluent Standards acc. EU-Directive 91/271/EEC

Parameter (Unit) Sensitive Area Non-Sensitive Area BOD5 mg/l 25 25 COD mg/l 125 125 TSS mg/l 35 35 N,tot mg/l 15 -- P,tot mg/l 2 --

The requirements for N and P refer to annual mean values and a minimum wastewater temperature of 12° C.

According to the Azerbaijan rules, discharge of wastewaters into water bodies is allowed only after obtaining a permit for "special water-use". The degree to which discharged wastewaters have to be treated (purified) is determined by the Maximum Allowable Discharge (MAD) norms for polluting substances. These norms are normally imposed in order to gradually improve surface water quality and meet the sanitary-hygienic requirements in proximity to water-intake structures.

Application of certain methods of use of waste water on irrigated fields depend on preliminary preparation, with consideration of natural conditions and type of cultivated crops.

138 / 145

Assessment of waste water quality and its sludge, applied for irrigation and fertilization is conducted in complex way according to agrochemical and sanitary-hygienic and veterinary-sanitary indications.

Regulation of indicators of quality of watering water and its sludge is made with consideration of soil-climatic, hydro-geological conditions of territory of specific object, biological specific features of cultivated crops and technology of irrigation. Chemical composition of waste water, used for irrigation is assessed on the basis of activity of hydrogen ion (pH), composition of amount of dissolved salts, availability of main biogenic elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), micro-elements and organic substances.

Requirements for quality of wastewater and its sludge Quality of waste water and its sludge, used for irrigation is regulated by chemical, bacteriological and parasitological indications.

Admissible concentration of heavy metals in waste water is established depending on irrigation norm, and it is defined in each specific case in accordance with acting requirements to waste water quality and its sludge, used for irrigation and fertilization.

Waste water, containing microelements, including heavy metals in quantities not exceeding MAC for economy-potable water use, may be used for irrigation without restrictions.

Possibility of use of treated industrial and mixed waste water in at irrigated fields is settled in each specific case by bodies and institutions of state sanitary-epidemiology and veterinary services on base of results of special researches, directed for learning of degree and character of impact of waste water on soil, cultivated crops, live-stock and cattle breeding production. Requirements concerning sludge from wastewater, applied for fertilizationUse of sludge of waste water for fertilization may be admitted after its sterilization by one of methods in accordance with acting Sanitary rules of installation and operation of agricultural fields of irrigation.

Before use of sludge at lots for fertilization, agrochemical examination of soil on following parameters is to be conducted: pH, composition of active forms of phosphorus, potassium, heavy metals-lead, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, mercury, zinc. Examination is made on base of methods, accepted at agrochemical service.

As a rule, content of heavy metals in sludge of waste water from enterprises, reprocessing agricultural production is lower, however, nutritive substances are higher, than in sludge from city treatment facilities. With the aim to exclude hazard of pollution of soil, production and environment by heavy metals sludge of waste water purposed for fertilization are to be obligatorily analyzed for checking of heavy metals: lead, cadmium, chrome, copper, nickel, mercury, and zinc.

Application of sludge of industrial –domestic waste water, containing heavy metals and composts from them is prohibited, if introduction of these fertilizers will increase level of pollution of soils up to values 0,7-0,8 MACsQuality control of waste water and its sludge, which are applied for irrigation and fertilizationProduction laboratory control on envisaging of sanitation rules and standards at operation of at irrigated fields includes:

• control of effectiveness of operation of plants on preliminary preparation of waste water and its sludge before introduction at agricultural fields;

• quality control of underground and surface water, which are in the area of impact at agricultural fields

quality control of soil

139 / 145

ANNEX X. .The List Of Participants Of Public Consultation Meeting On Siyazan Rayon WSS Project

Name Position Phone1 Zafar Aliyev The Siyazan district deputy of the head of Executive

authority on social economical problems, Head of Rayon Commission on WSS project implementation

050-331-3304

2 Mais Suleymanov The Siyazan district Executive authority apparatus, head of the division on architecture and construction

3 Rasim Tahirli Representative on Siyazan city Executive authority 050-330-3071

4 Azar Babayev Chairman of the Siyazan municipality

5 Bahram Sultanov Siyazan head of statistics office

6 Mehman Yagubov Director of the Sanitary and Epidemiological center

7 Niyazi Qadimov Head of the office of irrigation systems of Siyazan

8 Eldar Cabbarov Head of Siyazan water- agency office 050-3647602

9 Akif Aliyev Head of Siyazan Water Department

10 Kamil Xalilov Head of Siyazan District Department of state committee on land and Cartography

11 Rafig Karimov Head of the Siyazan telecommunication company

12 Dilavar Narimanov Chief engineer of the Siyazan Electric net

13 Faig Nasbullayev Head of the Siyazan Gas exploitation sector

14 Sadig Mayilov Siyazan telecommunication company15 Tarlan Movsumov Siyazan Siyazan telecommunication company

16 Ilgar Mammadov The head of Executive authority in Eynibulag administrative territorial unit

17 Shirinbala Ilyasov Chairman of the Yenikand municipality

18 Ilhama Niftaliyeva Siyazan city inhabitant

19 Tavat Agayeva Siyazan city inhabitant

20 Ilham Mammadov Siyazan city inhabitant , businessman

21 Vahid Muslumov Siyazan city inhabitant

22 Asli Dadasova Siyazan city director of the secondary school

23 Zal Rustamova Chairman of the Zarat municipality

24 Sahin Mirzayev Siyazan city inhabitant , businessman

25 Qalamsah Babayev Siyazan city inhabitant

26 Rafail Haciyev Siyazan head of the District Education Department140 / 145

27 Tovha Azimova Siyazan head of the District Central Hospital

28 Safar Aliyev Siyazan city inhabitant , businessman

ANNEX XI. Public meeting on discussion of EİA report for Siyazan and Shabran regions

Shabran town 22 October 2010Workshop was organized on October 22 2010 in the meeting venue provided by the Shabran Rayon Executive Power to discuss developed EIA for the proposed WSS project.

The representative of EPTİSA Rafig Verdiyev provided the general information about the Project to participants and answered asked questions. Main discussions were about proposals of Project Alternatives, Proposal Water sources , Environment Impact Assessment, Scheduled Activities for Environment Management Plan, Proposed Mitigation Measures.

The Presentation followed up with interesting discussions. Discussions were mainly about water supply, location of waste water treatment plant, sewer canals, project schedule and employment of local people in project construction work. Some people asked about length of construction works and potential its impacts/

The environmental consultant of the EIA informed that provided proposals will be considered in the EIA.

The essential questions and proposals during the presentation:

Comment Response1 Eldar Jabbarov

Will houses be connected to new water supply and sanitation network by the project

It will be some pipe coming to each yard with water meters mainly at the end . Everyone then can be connected from where . Same will be with sewage situation

2 Nadirov QafarThe quality and cost of water taken from Baku pipelines doesn't satisfy irrigation. Will it be any option to supply irrigation water from Samur Absheron canal

Project intends to use water for water supply of population. It shouldn’t be realistic to use delivered water for irrigation when other sources , including Samur- Absheron canal can be used. This issue is discussed with Amelioration JSC and it is likely some solution will be found.

4 Qurbanov TofiqThere is water insufficiency in watering the region. Is intended in a project to use cleaned sewage water in watering?

Project feasibility document and EIA document about suggest to use treated sewage water in watering in the agriculture. The proposed new waste water treatment plant is considering to provide needed for this purposes quality of water

7 Yusifov Nadir When the pipelines pass from population area, will the roads recovered back and how soon it will take place

When putting or replacing of water and waste water pipes and arrangement of infrastructure, all environment related considerations will be followed according to EMP, including covering of roads after instillation of pipes. .

7 Yusifov Nadir If pipelines or device will pass from population area, will be compensation paid to them?

The losses will be compensated according to the legislation of Azerbaijan Republic and World Bank demand.

141 / 145

A. Participants from Siyazan

142 / 145

143 / 145

B. Participants from Shabran

144 / 145

145 / 145

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA ... - The World Bank€¦ · Web viewNew water supply...

Documents

Transcript of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA ... - The World Bank€¦ · Web viewNew water supply...