Environmental imbalance in salt lake Urmia, NW Iran · 2015. 6. 3. · 1/13/2014 3 Background...
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1/13/2014 1 Arash Sharifi Ali Pourmand Larry C Peterson Omid Haeri-Ardakani Majid Pourkerman Hamid Alizadeh Lahijani Environmental imbalance in salt lake Urmia, NW Iran Anthropogenic and climate impact on the largest lake in the Middle East Marine Geology and Geophysics Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science AGU-2013 GC54B-07 NEPTUNE Isotope Lab University of Miami Outline ● Background ● Current Condition ● Imbalance ● Conclusion Background Current Condition Imbalance Conclusion
Transcript of Environmental imbalance in salt lake Urmia, NW Iran · 2015. 6. 3. · 1/13/2014 3 Background...
1/13/2014
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Arash Sharifi
Ali Pourmand
Larry C Peterson
Omid Haeri-Ardakani
Majid Pourkerman
Hamid Alizadeh Lahijani
Environmental imbalance in
salt lake Urmia, NW Iran Anthropogenic and climate impact on
the largest lake in the Middle East
Marine Geology and Geophysics
Rosenstiel School of Marine and
Atmospheric Science, University of Miami
Iranian National Institute for
Oceanography and
Atmospheric Science
AGU-2013
GC54B-07 NEPTUNE
Isotope Lab
University of Miami
Outline
● Background
● Current Condition
● Imbalance
● Conclusion
Background Current Condition Imbalance Conclusion
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Background Current Condition Imbalance Conclusion
NW IRAN
Urmia Lake
Area: >5000 Km2
Elevation:1275 m AMSL
Sharifi, 2002
Background Current Condition Imbalance Conclusion
Background Current Condition Imbalance Conclusion
Max Depth: 16 m
Min Depth: 6 m
Sharifi, 2002
NW IRAN
Urmia Lake
Area: >5000 Km2
Elevation:1275 m AMSL
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Background Current Condition Imbalance Conclusion
Salinity:160-320 ppt
Evaporation: 1.5 m y-1
Rivers: 7 permanent
Max Depth: 16 m
Min Depth: 6 m
NW IRAN
Urmia Lake
Area: >5000 Km2
Elevation:1275 m AMSL
Na-K-Cl-Mg-SO4
Background Current Condition Imbalance Conclusion
Geology: Diverse
Salinity:160-320 ppt
Evaporation: 1.5 m y-1
Rivers: 7 permanent
Max Depth: 16 m
Min Depth: 6 m
NW IRAN
Urmia Lake
Area: >5000 Km2
Elevation:1275 m AMSL
NW IRAN
Urmia Lake
Area: >5000 Km2
Elevation:1275 m AMSL
Max Depth: 16 m
Min Depth: 6 m
Salinity:160-320 ppt
Evaporation: 1.5 m y-1
Rivers: 7 permanent
Geology: Diverse
Artemia Urmiana
Enteromorpha intestinalis
Fauna: Brine Shrimp
Flora: Green Algae
Background Current Condition Imbalance Conclusion
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Background Current Condition Imbalance Conclusion
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1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Te
mp
era
ture
(°C
)
Years
Urmia Station Annual Mean Temperature (°C)
Data from IRIMO
Background Current Condition Imbalance Conclusion
Urmia Lake
North Atlantic Oscillation Luterbacher et al., 1999
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15
16
17
18
19
20
21
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
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160
180
200
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
An
nu
al M
ean
Te
mp
era
ture
(°
C)
Year
ly N
um
be
r o
f Su
nsp
ot
Background Current Condition Imbalance Conclusion
14
15
16
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18
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
An
nu
al M
ean
Tem
pra
ture
(°C
)
Year
ly N
um
be
r o
f Su
nsp
ot
Year
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Background Current Condition Imbalance Conclusion
In 1979, the parliament
decided to establish a 16
km long dyke-type
causeway over the lake,
literally dividing the lake
in two basins
Background Current Condition Imbalance Conclusion
1993 2009
Salin
ity (PS
U)
Zeinodinni et al., 2009
Background Current Condition Imbalance Conclusion
Data after www.usda.gov
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1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Background Current Condition Imbalance Conclusion
Kabiri et al.,
2012
Background Current Condition Imbalance Conclusion
Background Current Condition Imbalance Conclusion
What causes the imbalance?
Climate
or
Human
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1965 1976 1984 1989 1995
4900km2 5250km2 6000km2
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16
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18
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100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
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550
600
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
An
nu
al M
ean
Tem
pera
ture
(°C
)
An
nu
al P
recip
itati
on
(m
m)
Years
Urmia Synoptic Data 1950-2005
Background Current Condition Imbalance Conclusion
↑ °C 0.7
↓ 120mm
↑ °C 0.2
↑ 55mm
2002 2010 2003
4100km2
4000km2 2750km2
2011
UNEP, 2012
Background Current Condition Imbalance Conclusion
Hydroweb, 2012
Hydroweb, 2012
Hydroweb, 2012
Background Current Condition Imbalance Conclusion
0.1
1
10
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
Zr/
Al
Age (Cal y BP)
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In Operation: 28
Under Const.: 16
Under Study: 19
Watershed Area
52000 km2
Almost one dam
per 1000 km2
UNEP, 2012
Background Current Condition Imbalance Conclusion
Background Current Condition Imbalance Conclusion
Strong correlation
between temperature
fluctuation and climate
forcings.
1995
2002 2010 2003
4100km2 4000km2
1965 1976 1984 1989 1995
4900km2 5250km2 6000km2 2750km2
Lake’s surface area
declined by a factor of
3 since 1995.
No similar trend in the
neighboring regions.
Excessive dam construction in Urmia
watershed (one dam per 1000 km2) is the
main reason for water imbalance.
RSMAS
INIOAS
Acknowledgment
