Environmental Health & Engineering ICPHSO - 2010: Trends in Environmental Risk Joseph G. Allen, DSc,...
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Transcript of Environmental Health & Engineering ICPHSO - 2010: Trends in Environmental Risk Joseph G. Allen, DSc,...
Environmental Health &
Engineering
ICPHSO - 2010:Trends in Environmental Risk
Joseph G. Allen, DSc, MPH
www.eheinc.com • 800.825.5343© 2010 Environmental Health & Engineering, Inc.
© EH&E 2010
Trends in Environmental Risk(associated with consumer products)
1) Data Aggregation increasing availability of exposure, risk
and health data
2) Modern Exposures and Latent Risk flame retardants, phthalates, PCBs
3) The Indoor Environment “Chinese” drywall
© EH&E 2010
2 – Data Aggregation
1 - Data Aggregation
1) CDC/ATSDR• NHANES: geographic; body burdens and effects• Health Hazard Evaluations
2) EPA• AQS (air), STORET (water), NEI and TRI (emissions)
3) National Children’s Study• 100,000 child cohort!• Longitudinal (prenatal to age 21)
4) CPSIA Public Database• “publicly available, searchable, and accessible
through the Commission's Web site”
Coming Soon!
© EH&E 2010
2 – Data Aggregation
Source: Norén and Meironyté 1998
1 - Data AggregationFlame Retardants
Untreated PBDEsPBDE Papers in PubMed
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
# of
Pub
lishe
d P
aper
s
0
100
200
300
400
500"The scientific feeding frenzy begins" - T. Webster
© EH&E 2010
2 – Data Aggregation
2 – Modern Chemicals and Latent Risk
1) Establishment of EPA2) Clean Air Act; Safe
Drinking Water Act3) Reduction in exposure
and risk to address the clear ‘bad actors’
That was then…
© EH&E 2010
2 – Modern Chemicals and Latent Risk(Part 2b – Latent Exposure Risk)
Source: NIOSH. Current Intelligence Bulletin: Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBS). PCB Manufacture and Sales Monsanto Industrial Chemical Company
Year
19571958
19591960
19611962
19631964
19651966
19671968
19691970
19711972
PC
Bs
in C
au
lkin
g (
mill
ion
s o
f p
ou
nd
s)
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
© EH&E 2010
Source: EH&E survey of indoor air quality programs in U.S. schools; Moglia et al. 2006, Environmental Health Perspectives, 114(1):141-146.
Decade of Construction
Prior t
o 199
0
1900
-190
9
1910
-191
9
1920
-192
9
1930
-193
9
1940
-194
9
1950
-195
9
1960
-196
9
1970
-197
9
1980
-198
9
1990
-199
9
2000
-200
2
Percentage of U.S. Schools
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
CumulativeGrowth
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%Percentage of schoolsCumulative growth
60% of publicschool buildingsat risk
• Buildings– 100,000 federally-owned1
– 12,000 public schools2
– 450,000 commercial buildings3
– 12 billion square feet overall
• Costs4
– $90 million for a typical large academic or commercial real estate portfolio
– $150-200 billion overall
Sources: 1 FY2008 Federal Real Property Report, Federal Real Property Council 2 EH&E survey of schools for EPA (Moglia et al. 2006) 3 U.S. census data on construction of private buildings 4 Based on remediation costs of $15 per square foot
2 – Modern Chemicals and Latent Risk(Part 2b – Latent Exposure Risk)
© EH&E 2010
• Source• Identified markers
• Exposure• Elevated hydrogen sulfide
• Effect• Elevated rates of corrosion
The indoor environment is complex and dynamic• Air exchange rate• Dew point/temperature• Co-pollutants• Interaction• Source concentrations v.
exposure concentrations
3 – The Indoor Environment“Chinese Drywall”
Source: Final Report on an IEQ Assessment of Residences Containing Chinese Drywall, EH&E 2010
© EH&E 2010
Trends in Environmental Risk(associated with consumer products)
Data Aggregation
Latent Risk (endocrine disruption)
Indoor Environment
KIDS