Environmental and Social Assessment with … for National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA)...

Prepared for

National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA)

(Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India)

Environmental and Social Assessment

with Management Plan for Sewerage

Works in Sewerage District ‘C’ of

Allahabad City, Uttar Pradesh

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Environmental and Social Assessment with Management Plans (Sewerage District ‘C’-Allahabad)

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© The Energy and Resources Institute 2014

Suggested format for citation

T E R I. 2014

Environmental and Social Assessment with Management Plan for Sewerage Works

in Sewerage District ‘C’ of Allahabad City, Uttar Pradesh

New Delhi: The Energy and Resources Institute.

[Project Report No. 2010WM13]

For more information Ms. Sonia Grover

Research Associate – Water Resources Division

T E R I Tel. 2468 2100 or 2468 2111

Darbari Seth Block E-mail [email protected]

IHC Complex, Lodhi Road Fax 2468 2144 or 2468 2145

New Delhi – 110 003 Web www.teriin.org

India India +91 • Delhi (0)11


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Table of Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................... 2

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 11

1.1 Ganga Clean up Initiatives ........................................................................................... 11

1.2 The Ganga River Basin Project ..................................................................................... 12

1.2.1 World Bank Assistance ................................................................................... 12

1.3 Project Components ....................................................................................................... 12

1.3.1 Component One: Institutional Development .............................................. 12

1.3.2 Component Two: Priority Infrastructure Investments .............................. 14

1.4 Structure of the Report .................................................................................................. 15

CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................... 16

2.1 About the City ................................................................................................................ 16

2.2 Existing Sewerage Facilities in Allahabad City ......................................................... 16

2.2.1 Works Completed under Ganga Action Plan Phase – I (GAP-I) .............. 17

2.2.2 Works Completed under Ganga Action Plan Phase II .............................. 18

2.2.3 On-going works in Sewerage District ‘D’ Under JNNURM ..................... 18

2.2.4 City Sewerage Plan ......................................................................................... 19

2.2.5 Works Approved Under NGRBA ................................................................. 22

2.3 Necessity of this project ................................................................................................ 22

2.4 Location of Proposed Sewerage Project ...................................................................... 23

2.5 Proposed Sewerage System .......................................................................................... 25

2.5.1 Components of Proposed Sewerage Work .................................................. 27

2.5.2 Implementation Schedule .............................................................................. 30

2.5.3 Financing .......................................................................................................... 30

CHAPTER 3 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY .......................................................................... 32

3.1 Methodology................................................................................................................... 32

3.2 Screening Activity for Project Impact Assessment .................................................... 34

3.3 Conclusion of Screening Activity ................................................................................ 50

CHAPTER 4 REGULATIONS AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................. 51

4.1 Applicable Laws and Regulations – Environmental................................................. 51

4.1.1 Legal Framework of Government of India .................................................. 51

4.1.2 Key Environmental Laws and Regulations ................................................. 51

4.2 Applicable Laws and Regulations - Social ................................................................. 54

4.2.1 National Policies and Acts ............................................................................. 54

4.2.2 National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy for Project Affected

Families – 2007 ................................................................................................. 55

4.2.3 Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (As Modified Until 1st September, 1985) .... 55

4.2.4 Forest Rights Act 2006 .................................................................................... 56

4.3 Other Legislations applicable to Construction Projects under NGRBP ................. 56

CHAPTER 5 BASELINE STATUS ................................................................................................... 59


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5.1 Baseline Environmental ................................................................................................ 59

5.1.1 Physiography and Topography .................................................................... 59

5.1.2 Climate .............................................................................................................. 60

5.1.3 Geological and Geophysical features ........................................................... 60

5.1.4 Ambient Air Quality ....................................................................................... 61

5.1.5 Noise Environment ......................................................................................... 64

5.1.6 Water Environment ........................................................................................ 66

5.1.7 Storm Water Drainage .................................................................................... 73

5.1.8 Waste Water Management ............................................................................. 75

5.1.9 Solid Waste Management .............................................................................. 76

5.1.10 Biological Environment .................................................................................. 77

5.2 Baseline Social Status ..................................................................................................... 81

5.2.1 Public Consultation ......................................................................................... 86

CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS ............................................................. 90

6.1 Potential Environmental Impacts ................................................................................ 90

6.1.1 Design and Development Phase ................................................................... 90

6.1.2 Impacts during construction phase .............................................................. 90

6.1.3 Impacts during operation phase ................................................................... 93

6.2 Potential Social Impacts ................................................................................................ 93

6.2.1 Social impacts during construction phase ................................................... 94

6.2.2 Social impacts during operation phase ........................................................ 97

6.3 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 97

CHAPTER 7 MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN .............................................................. 99

7.1 Environmental Management Plan ............................................................................... 99

7.1.1 Implementation of EMP Specific activities by UPJN ................................. 99

7.1.2 Specific activities by Contractor .................................................................... 99

7.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan ................................................................................ 116

7.3 EMP Budget .................................................................................................................. 120

7.4 Social Management Plan ............................................................................................. 129

7.4.1 Social mitigation plans during construction phase .................................. 129

7.4.2 Social mitigation plans during operation phase ....................................... 131

7.4.3 Mitigation measures adopted by locals during similar nature of

project activities ............................................................................................. 131

7.4.4 Consultation Framework for Participatory Planning and

Implementation of Mitigation Plan ............................................................ 135

7.4.5 Capacity of Institutions ................................................................................ 136

7.4.6 Develop Monitoring and Evaluation Mechanisms to Assess Social

Development Outcomes ....................................................................................... 137

CHAPTER 8 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OUTCOMES AND ISSUES .............................................. 139

8.1 Social Development Outcomes of the sub project ................................................... 139

8.2 Social Development Issues in Project Vicinity and Social Services to be

provided by the project ............................................................................................... 141

8.3 Gender Assessment and Development Framework ............................................... 144


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CHAPTER 9 CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................... 145

ANNEXURE 1 QUESTIONNAIRE ................................................................................................. 147

ANNEXURE 2 MINUTES OF MEETING WITH KEY STAKEHOLDERS ......................................... 152

ANNEXURE 3 CENSUS DATA ..................................................................................................... 157

ANNEXURE 4 LETTER OF REQUEST (DATED 24/09/2009) FOR CONSENT TO OPERATE ....... 159


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List of Tables

Table 2.1 District wise (A to G) arrangements and status of Sewage Treatment in

Allahabad* ................................................................................................................ 19

Table 2.2 District wise Population Projection....................................................................... 23

Table 2.3 Sewage Flow Generation (Capacities in MLD) ................................................... 23

Table 2.4 Size wise details of the sewers proposed for sewerage work in District ‘C’ ... 28

Table 2.5 Abstract of Cost of Works Proposed 14 MLD SPS & STP .................................. 30

Table 2.6 Overall Estimated Project Cost for proposed sewerage system project .......... 31

Table 3.1 Environment and Social information format for screening ............................... 35

Table 4.1 Environmental Regulations and Legislations ..................................................... 51

Table 4.2 The Land Acquisition Process ............................................................................... 55

Table 5.1 Climatological Normal of Temperature, Humidity and Rainfall at

Allahabad.................................................................................................................. 60

Table 5.2 Generalized Stratigraphic Sequence Time ........................................................... 61

Table 5.3 Quality of soil sample ............................................................................................. 61

Table 5.4 Latest air quality data of two monitoring stations in Allahabad

(March 2010 to April 2011) ..................................................................................... 62

Table 5.5 Summary of Noise Level Monitored Data Code Range of noise levels

[Leq in dB (A)] .......................................................................................................... 65

Table 5.6 Water consumption in sewerage district ‘C’ ....................................................... 66

Table 5.7 Discharge of the Ganga at Allahabad (Sangam) (m3/s) ..................................... 68

Table 5.8 Water Quality of River Ganga and Yamuna at Allahabad (UP) during

Maghmela (Ardh Kumbha) 2007 ........................................................................... 70

Table 5.9 Water Quality data of Ganga and Yamuna river at Allahabad monitored

during March 2010 to April 2011........................................................................... 71

Table 5.10 Wastewater characteristics of Salori nala in sewerage district ‘C’ ................... 75

Table 5.11 Wastewater Characteristics measured at Salori STP .......................................... 76

Table 5.12 Solid waste generation in sewerage district ‘C’ .................................................. 77

Table 5.13 Percentage distribution of the household population by age and sex,

Allahabad.................................................................................................................. 82

Table 5.14 Ward wise census population and projected population and observed

land use ..................................................................................................................... 83

Table 5.15 Ward wise population density of Allahabad ...................................................... 84

Table 5.16 Ward wise details of the survey is enlisted below in the table ......................... 88

Table 7.1 Environment Management Plan for Salori 14 MLD STP ................................. 101

Table 7.2 Environment Management Plan for Sewer Netwrok in Allahabad

District C ................................................................................................................. 110

Table 7.3 Environmental Monitoring Plan ......................................................................... 117

Table 7.4 Cost Details of Environmental Management Plan ............................................ 120

Table 7.5 Cost of Environmental Monitoring Plan ............................................................ 128

Table 7.6 Social Management Plan ...................................................................................... 132

Table 7.7 Role of stakeholder in implementation and mitigation ................................... 136


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List of Figures

Figure 2.1 City Sewerage Plan of Allahabad city ............................................................... 21

Figure 2.2 Location map of Allahabad City, Uttar Pradesh ............................................. 25

Figure 2.3 Key plan of proposed sewer network system in sewer district ‘C’ of

Allahabad city ....................................................................................................... 27

Figure 3.1 Flowchart describing the steps adopted for Project Impact Assessment ..... 32

Figure 3.2 Satellite image showing the alignment of trees along the sides of the roads

in District C ........................................................................................................... 47

Figure 3.3 Satellite image demarcating the planned expansion area for the Salori

STP .......................................................................................................................... 47

Figure 5.1 SO2, NO2, and PM10 concentration (µg/m3) in Allahabad during

2008-2009 ............................................................................................................... 63

Figure 5.2 Monthwise variation of NO2 and RSPM at two monitoring stations in

Allahabad .............................................................................................................. 64

Figure 5.3 Noise levels in Allahabad City monitoring during 2010 and 2011 ............... 66

Figure 5.4 BOD measured at various stretches of Ganga river for different years ....... 69

Figure 5.5 DO measured at various stretches of Ganga river for different years .......... 70

Figure 5.6 Map showing the drainage system in sewerage district ‘C ........................... 74

Figure 5.7 Map of parks in sewerage district ‘C’ ................................................................ 78

Figure 5.8 Satellite image showing agriculture practice area in sewerage district ‘C’ . 79

Figure 5.9 Mapping of eco-sensitive areas around Allahabad city ................................. 80

Figure 5.10 Allahabad urban population growth rate ......................................................... 81

Figure 5.11 Map indicating major land use and social survey locations for District C .. 84

Figure 5.12 Location of STP and its relative distance from all the surroundings ............ 85

Figure 5.13 Connection to sewers ........................................................................................... 87

Figure 5.14 Problems encountered during construction phase .......................................... 87

Figure 6.1 Road network map of District C indicating majority of roads have width

less than 5 units. Around 97.39% of the roads have width less than 5 units,

where the chances of traffic congestion could be high. .................................. 95

Figure 7.1 Organization Structure for Implementation of EMP .................................... 100

Figure 8.1 Slum location in District C ................................................................................ 143


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List of Plates

Plate 2.1 Anand Bhawan- house of Jawaharlal Nehru’s Family (left) and night view of

New Yamuna bridge (right) ................................................................................... 16

Plate 2.2 Chanchar Nala (left) and Wastewater discharged behind the house (right) .. 17

Plate 3.1 Consultation with Mr. Devanand Shukla an individual committed to

saving the Ganga (left) ............................................................................................ 33

Plate 3.2 Consultation with local community around Salori STP .................................... 34

Plate 3.3 Image showing stagnated stormwater behind the Salori STP barricade,

limiting its flow outwards ...................................................................................... 48

Plate 3.4 Image showing flooded street due to water pipe burst in front of a shop in

Allahabad District ................................................................................................... 48

Plate 3.5 Image showing a typical sewage construction area with material................... 49

Plate 3.6 Image shows the good practice of fencing-off construction areas; this was

followed in the JNNURM phase project in Allahabad....................................... 49

Plate 3.7 Image showing a typical busy street near the Telarganj area, of sewerage

district C .................................................................................................................... 50

Plate 5.1 Storm drainage system in residential area Salori area (left) and Flooding

due to rainfall in sewerage district ‘C’ (right) ..................................................... 73

Plate 5.2 Drain in Shukla Market .......................................................................................... 75

Plate 5.3 Open waste dumping at Subzi Mandi area (left) and Shukla market

area (right) ................................................................................................................ 77

Plate 5.4 Road side trees in Govindpur area (left) and Telarganj area (right) ................ 79

Plate 5.5 Auspicious bathing at Allahabad Kumbhmela 2007 (left) and Aarti pooja

delivery during Kumbhmela ................................................................................. 86

Plate 6.1 Narrow road through Salori with open drains on both the sides .................... 94

Plate 6.2 Vegetable vendors at Sabzi Mandi area ............................................................... 96

Plate 8.1 Direct discharge of sewage to river; Salorinala, Amitabh Bachan Culvert ... 140

Plate 8.3 Cultural sentiments associated with river Ganga ............................................. 141

Plate 8.4 Slums in District C near Salori STP ..................................................................... 143


2

Executive Summary

As a major first step in achieving the Ganga Clean up Initiatives, the Government of India

(GoI) constituted the National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA), on 20th February

2009, for the comprehensive management of the river. In regards to this initiative, the World

Bank has been formally requested by GOI to provide long-term support to NGRBA through

several phases of substantive financing and knowledge support. The first project of several

phases of support aims at:

i. Establishing and operationalizing central and state level NGRBA institutions capable

of planning and implementing a multi sectoral river water quality improvement

program

ii. Reducing pollution loads into the river through selected investments.

In continuance with the pollution abatement programs by NGRBA, sewerage works for

Allahabad sewerage district ‘C’ has been recently proposed, as this area is completely un-

sewered and waste water finds its way into the river through open drains. As per the

Environmental and Social Management Framework (NGRBA, 2011), the implementation of

such river pollution mitigation projects under the NGRBP is anticipated to encounter a

variety of environmental and social issues/problems. Therefore the study of environment

and social sector is required for analyzing the impacts of proposed project, and suggesting

the management plans to handle any negative impacts. The Detailed Project Report for the

above components has been prepared by an independent consultant and TERI has been

working closely with these consultants for preparing the Environmental and Social

Assessment with Management Plan (ESAMP).

Sewerage district ‘C’ in Allahabad city, which covers mere 9% of the total area, holds 13%

population of the total city. Considering the density of population, absence of sewerage

network, proximity to the Ganga River and the point of confluence, it becomes more

important to provide sewerage and treatment infrastructure in the district ‘C’. With the

growing population, the total waste water generated in this district during the year 2025

would be 43 mld against the installed capacity of 29mld, thus an additional unit of 14 mld

will be needed.

District Existing

STP

Capacity

Required

STP in

2025

Proposed

Capacity

for Sub-

project

Total

Capacity

by 2040

Required

in 2040

Augmentation

Required for

2040

Total

STP

Capacity

by 2040

District

C &

Allahpur

29.00 42.92 14.00 43.00 55.66 13.00 56.00

Proposed project system is designed for 30 years period. The major components of the

proposed project include:

141 km long sewerage network including all required trunk/ branch/ lateral sewer.

Augmenting Salori STP with additional 14 MLD capacity for sewage treatment.


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Additional 14 MLD of sewage pumping station (SPS).

Sewer cleaning equipment

As per the DPR, total cost of the proposed projects is estimated to be 17516.35 lac Rupees.

Approach and Methodology

The methodology adopted for the environmental and social assessment included secondary

data analysis, carrying out scoping in the field, survey of the host population and discussion

with key stakeholders including government officials and local residents. Based on these

outcomes, a screening activity was conducted with the help of the screening checklist format

provided in Environmental and Social Management Framework of NGRBA. Thereafter,

environmental and social impacts were identified and assessed and a mitigation plan was

developed based on the aforementioned.

The screening checklist included criteria that detailed out the impact level of various

activities during the construction and operation phases. These criteria included

environmental factors such as the presence of eco-sensitive region in and around the project

area, clearance of tree cover, improper storage of excavation spoils, flooding of adjacent

areas, elevated noise and dust levels, damage to existing utilities. Social criteria included

factors such as requirement for land acquisition, displacement of tribes, loss of livelihood

and gender issues. Based on the criteria-wise screening activity and the categorization of

potential sub-projects of the NGRBP, the present project of Sewerage work in Sewerage

District ‘C’ in Allahabad City falls under low impact category, which does not involve any

fresh land acquisition and has an overall positive impact by tapping the wastewater which

was earlier polluting the river Ganga.

Environmental and Social Baseline status

As a part of ESAMP, baseline study of the sewerage district ‘C’ was prepared to understand

the region's existing physical and biological characteristics along with cultural and social

status of the residing community. The baseline information forms the basis to analyze the

probable impacts of the proposed project vis-à-vis the present background environmental

quality of the core study area. In environmental scenario it reflects the status of

environmental entities like status of climate, geological features, air quality, water quality,

waste management and existing green cover in the study area. As per the study, wastewater

generated from sewerage district ‘C’ is observed to be mostly from residential with limited

commercial and no industrial wastes. As mentioned earlier, most of sewerage district ‘C’

area has no sewer system and wastewater flows through the Salori, Allenganj and Buxi Band

nala. Summary of wastewater characteristics of Salori nala located in sewer district ‘C’

indicates that the wastewater quality parameters are exceeding the general discharges

standards laid out by CPCB. The may worsen the water quality, causing direct impact not

only on the drinking water sector but also other sectors such as fisheries, irrigation, and

recreation.


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Parameter Salori Nala General standard for discharge on inland

surface water as per CPCB

BOD(mg/l) 72 30

COD (mg/l) 192 250

TSS (mg/l) 100 100

pH 7.4 5.5 to 9.0

Temperature (°C) 27 shall not exceed 5°C above the receiving

water temperature

While in baseline status of social section, it brings out the status of demographic

composition of the population, general land-use feature of the wards and also details of the

social survey outcomes at various consultations held in different wards of the sewerage

district.

Potential Environmental and Social Impacts

Although there would not be any permanent negative or adverse environmental or social

impacts, but will have temporary impacts on water quality, air quality (impact on health),

traffic blockages, safety hazards for pedestrians, possible damage to private property,

possible interruption in commercial activity, and accidental breakage of other public

infrastructure such as water pipes. The identified environmental impacts were further

classified under the heads of environmentally sensitive areas (such as Labour Chauraha

Mandi (Allahapur) area, low lying area near Sabji Mandi and Chhotta Bhaghara that are

vulnerable to flooding and crowded/congested areas such as Allahpur, Telarganj, Shukla

Market, Allanganj, Chandpur Salori) air quality, noise levels and water resources.

Social assessment clearly defines that no issue of land acquisition and livelihood loss is

foreseen in the project. Hence, no compensation provision is required. However, if any loss

of livelihood would be noticed during implementation of this project, then the affected party

will be compensated according to Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF)

guidelines set by the NGRBA. Moreover, some inconvenience caused to the local public has

been reported along with the local mitigation plan which they are adopting to overcome any

nuisance in the ongoing JNNURM project. One strong suggestion which was identified from

consultations was execution of construction work within a scheduled time frame with

provision of prior notice to residents, shop-owners. A public grievance mechanism (as

prescribed by ESMF of NGRBA) is to be followed. There is a clear mention and highlighting

if the social development issues and outcomes in this report. A section chalking out

institutional mechanism, capacity building requirements and monitoring and evaluation

mechanism is also present.

Environmental Management Plan

For all the identified issues a mitigation measure is suggested and if the measure is not

included in the DPR, lumpsum cost estimation has been done and given as EMP cost. The

table below briefly describes the Environment Management Plan.


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Phase Component Key temporary Impacts Key Mitigation Measures

Environmental

Design and

Development

Stage

Sewage

Treatment Plant

Pollution of received water body (

river) or land due to inefficient

treatment or non-operation of STP

The treated water quality shall

comply with the prescribed

standards of the bid document and

other applicable conditions of

consent to establish issued by the

state pollution control board.

Selection of best available sewage

treatment technology with High

BOD removal efficiency.

Ensuring development and

compliance to standard operation

and maintenance practices.

Provision of effective screening at

inlet of STP for removal of grit, fine

plastics and other suspended solids

Provision of effective separation

and controlled disposal of digested

sludge

Provision effective disinfection before

discharge of treated water for irrigation or

to river

Discharge of untreated sewage

leading river pollution due to

breakdown of STP.

Provision of adequate holding capacity

adequate for storage of sewage to prevent

flow of untreated sewage to river.

Disposal of sludge leading to

contamination of land and water.

Efficient Sludge dewatering with

minimum land involvement shall be

adopted.

Provision shall be made for

intermittent storage of digested

sludge at STP site.

The digested sludge shall be utilised

as manure or disposed to suitable

site as approved by DBO engineer.

If disposal is made for land fill, the

site shall be located away from

habitation, and water bodies and

shall be pre-approved by concerned

authorities like Municipal

corporation, Pollution Control

Board or urban development

authority.

Noise/Odour/fly nuisance hazards

to neighbouring areas.

Cutting of Trees

Ensure minimum noise generation

at pump station in STP;

Minimize Tree cutting if involved.


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Tree plantation of at least two row

around the periphery of STP site

and landscaping to prevent spread

of bad odour with large canopy/

broad leaves trees like Sesum,

Neem, Bargad, Teak, Sal, etc.

Accumulated sludge and solid

waste to be cleared within 24 hours

and spraying of suitable herbicides

on accumulated sludge/solid waste

to reduce odour.

Sewage Network

and Trunk sewer

line

Due to accidental burst or

leakage of sewers, flooding of

the nearby areas

Backlogging due to unexpected

heavy flow rates

Designing sewers with adequate

capacity and flow velocity

Provision for Regular inspection

and maintenance of the sewers

Preparation of safety and Emergency

Preparedness plan

Construction

Phase of STP,

SPS and

Sewer

Network

Environmental

sensitive areas

There are no environmental

sensitive areas in the proposed

project area. Further the small

residential parks and road side

trees, will not be affected, since the

sewers are planned to be laid in

the middle of the road and will not

pass through these areas.

Care must be taken to ensure that tree

cutting is avoided to the extent.

Necessary permission for tree cutting

to be taken if at all required.

Air quality

Probable increase in the dust

levels (RSPM and SPM), during

the construction may temporary

deteriorate the air quality, causing

health problems of respiratory

ailments, leading cause for eye,

ear, nose and throat infections and

related discomfort.

Excavated material transported by

trucks will be covered and/or

wetted to prevent dust nuisance.

Suppressing dust generation by

spraying water on stockpiles and

unpaved movement areas

Water sprinkling over excavated

areas, unpaved movement areas

and stockpiles.

Transportation of loose construction

material through covered trucks.

Use dust curtains (polysheets/

sheets) around the construction area

for containing dust spread.

Construction equipment must comply

with pollution norms and carry

Pollution Under Control certificate.

Noise levels Increased noise levels due to

construction activities like plying

of construction vehicles, pumping

machines, machinery such as

cranes, riveting machines,

hammering etc, may cause general

Construction activities to be carried

out in day time with prior

intimation to local residents and

shop keepers.

Use of low noise and vibrating

equipment (such as enclosed


7

disturbances to the human

habitations like sleeplessness in

case construction activity is

extended into the night hours.

generators with mufflers,

instruments with built in vibration

dampening and improved exhaust),

to meet standards as prescribed by

CPCB1.

Provision of protective equipment (

PPE) like ear muffs and plugs for

construction workers. .

Provision of noise barriers as

feasible in inhabited areas,

particularly near sensitive zones like

hospitals, schools etc.

DG set to be fitted acoustic enclosure.

Nuisance due to

domestic solid

waste disposal

Improper disposal of solid waste

from the STP and SPS sites may

create the nuisance in the

surrounding areas.

Provide two bins for recyclable and

non-recyclable wastes.

Ensure that recyclable and non-

recyclable waste are collected in

segregated manner in theses bins

before disposal. Recyclable material

should be sold. Non-recyclable

material should be disposed to

designated land fill area of the city.

Provide adequate sanitation facility for

workers at construction sites.

Water resources

Contamination of nearby water

bodies via storm drains (during

rainfall) by un-managed

construction related material like

suspended particles, pollutants

like oil, grease, cement etc, There

may also be temporary blockage of

drains due to unmanaged material

and construction debris.

Suggestion to ensure proper handling

and disposing off construction wastes

at identified refusal sites.

Proper stock piling of excavated soil

and not in any storm drains or any

other areas where water would

naturally accumulate causing flooding.

Safety and

Health Hazards

Safety hazards to labours and

public

Comply with the Occupational

health and Safety act of India

Ensure that the contact details of the

police or security company and

ambulance services nearby to the

site.

Ensure that the handling of

equipment and materials is

supervised and adequately

instructed.

Follow safe practices for working at

height or confined area or

underground working for safety of

1 http://moef.gov.in/citizen/specinfo/noise.html


8

workers

Erect warning signs/ tapes and

temporary barriers and/or danger

tape, marking flags, lights and

flagmen around the exposed

construction works warn the public

and traffic flow of the inherent

dangers.

Provide adequate PPE to workers

such as helmets, safety shoes,

gloves, dust masks, gumboots, etc.

to workers

Provide handrails on both sides of

walkways close to deeper tanks and

STPs need to be ensured;

Smaller on and off switches at STP

units to be installed with protection

from rain water to minimize

electrical short circuit;

Monthly reporting of all accidents

and immediate reporting to DBO

engineer and owner.

Sanitation issues

in construction

camps

Nuisance due to absence of facility

of sanitation and solid waste

management

Labour camp if provided, must have

adequate provision of shelter, water

supply, sanitation and solid waste

management

C. Operation Stage

STP, SPS and

Sewer

Network

Treatment and

Disposal of

Treated Water

and Sludge

River, land or ground water

pollution due to discharge of

untreated or partially treated

sewage due to inadequate or

inefficient STP operations.

Monitor the treated sewage quality

and ensure compliance with PCB

standards for effluent disposal into

surface water bodies, on land or for

the agricultural use.

Follow standard operating

procedures for operation and

maintenance.

Undertake periodic audit as per

these procedures.

Comply with all applicable

condition of consent to operate

Quarterly monitoring of influent

sewage, treated sewage, upstream and

downstream point of treated sewage

disposal point to river


9

Problems arising

due to bad

odour, insects,

polluted air,

Maintain the green belt as per

provision of design to prevent

spread of bad odour with large

canopy/ broad leaves trees like

Sesum, Neem, Bargad, Teak, Sal,

etc.

Accumulated sludge and solid

waste to be cleared within 24 hours

and spraying of suitable herbicides

on accumulated sludge/solid waste

to reduce odour.

Quarterly monitoring of Ambient

Air Quality with respect to PM10,

PM2.5, Sox and NOx, CO and

Odour at three locations ( at STP

site, minimum 500 m away from

STP site in up-wind and down-wind

direction of STP area.

STP, SPS and

Sewer

Network

Noise and air

quality

No air and noise problem from

sewer line as they will be laid

underground.

Improper handling and irregular

maintenance of operating

machines at STP may lead to

increased noise and odour

nuisance during operation activity

causing disturbance to

surrounding human habitation

Proper handling and regular

maintenance of operating machines at

STP including pumps, generators, air

diffusers, etc.

Ensuring the use of low noise

generating equipment

Disposal of

sludge form SPS

and STPs

Indiscriminate disposal of sludge

leading to contamination of land

and soil

Prepares sludge disposal plan as per

desire stage provisions and

guidelines and adhere to the same.

Ensure proper functioning of STP

for digestion of sludge and ensure

adequate functioning of dewatering

units for efficient functioning of

system

Waste Handling

from SPS and

STPs

Bad odour, Health hazard and

public nuisance

Provision for regular clearance of

sludge and solid waste to minimize

odor nuisance

Ensure maintenance of Green belt as

planned

Periodic disposal of accumulated

sludge/solid waste to designated

land fill sites of the city.


10

Water

environment

Water contamination and

temporary flooding due to

leakages/ overflows from the

sewer lines may cause unhygienic

condition

Regular monitoring of sewer line and

STP. Suggestion to ensure appropriate

repair work in less time period.

Social

Construction Livelihood No impact, as there will be no

impact on livelihood of any

permanent shop-owners, licensed

kiosks

But suggested if noticed during

construction, then should be

compensated according to ESMF

Land acquisition No impact, as no fresh land is

required for any construction

-

Inconvenience to

public

There will be some minor

inconveniences to the public due

to construction like access to their

premises, etc.

Public notice to be circulated,

construction should be completed in

the given time, debris should be

cleared in time

Health issues-

due to dust, noise

pollution

During construction dust and

noise generated, can cause

nuisance to people especially

elderly and children, but impact is

very limited.

Use of acoustics and water sprinkling

These temporary impacts can be mitigated with appropriate mitigation plans, which have

been suggested as well, along with monitoring and evaluation of future projects. In order to

implement the Environmental Management and Monitoring an approximate budget of Rs.

62 Lakhs has been estimated and this is also integrated in the DPR cost.

Social Management Plan

Implementation of EMP: In general, the Uttar Pradesh Jal Nigam (UPJN) (with assistance

from Contractor and Independent Engineer/Supervision Consultant) is the responsible

entity for ensuring that the mitigation measures as suggested in the ESAMP are carried out.

Though the project envisages to have some environmental and social impacts, however they

are temporary in nature can be mitigated with the implementation of the EMP and Social

management plan designed for the project along with effective monitoring of the

implementation. The larger environmental value of the project greatly outweighs these

impacts. The project is expected to benefit the Allahabad City, as the wastewater that

currently flows untreated into the Ganga river will be captured, treated and the remainder

of the treated effluent will be allowed to flow into the river.


11

Chapter 1 Introduction

The river Ganga has significant economic, environmental and cultural value in India. Rising

in the Himalayas and flowing in to the Bay of Bengal, the river traverses a course of more

than 2,500 km through the plains of north and eastern India. The Ganga main stem accounts

for 26 per cent of India’s landmass, 30 per cent of its water resources and more than 40 per

cent of its population. The Ganga also serves as one of India’s holiest rivers whose cultural

and spiritual significance transcends the boundaries of the basin.

Despite its importance, extreme pollution pressures from increasing population and

industrialization pose a great threat to the biodiversity and environmental sustainability of

the Ganga, with detrimental effects on both the quantity and quality of its flows. Discharge

of untreated sewage and industrial wastewater, non-point pollution sources from religious

activities along the river, agricultural runoff as well as poor municipal solid waste

management are the main causes of pollution in river Ganga.

1.1 Ganga Clean up Initiatives

The Government of India (GoI) has undertaken clean-up initiatives in the past. The most

prominent of such efforts was the Ganga Action Plan, launched in 1985 later complemented

by a similar plan for the river Yamuna, the biggest tributary of the Ganga. These

programmes have faced significant public scrutiny and, despite some gains made in slowing

the rate of water quality degradation, they have been widely perceived as failure. The main

shortcomings of these initiatives were: (1) inadequate attention to institutional dimensions,

including the absence of a long-tem-basin planning and implementation framework; (2) little

effort made in addressing weakness in urban wastewater, and municipal solid waste

management, environmental quality monitoring, and reporting, regulatory interventions

and (3) inadequate planning, coordination and prioritization of investments, with little

emphasis on ensuring their sustainability. These programs also did not pay sufficient

attention to the social dimensions of river clean-up, failing to recognize the importance of

public consultation, participation and awareness-raising.

The lessons drawn from these prior experiences indicate that improving water quality in the

Ganga cannot be achieved by plugging the infrastructure gap alone. Rather, any effective

initiative will have to adopt a three-pronged approach:

Establishing a basin-level, multi-sectoral framework for addressing pollution in the

river (including national/state policies and river basin management institutions);

Making relevant institutions operational and effective (e.g. with the capacity to plan,

implement and manage investments and enforce regulations); and,

Implementing a phased program of prioritized infrastructure investments (with

emphasis on sustainable operations and community support)


12

1.2 The Ganga River Basin Project

As a major first step in achieving objective of cleaning river Ganga, the Government of India

(GoI) constituted the National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA), on 20th February

2009, for the comprehensive management of the river. The NGRBA is entrusted to adopt a

river-basin approach and has been given wider mandate to meet above objective . The

NGRBA has resolved that by year 2020, no untreated municipal sewage or industrial

effluents will be allowed to be discharged into River Ganga within Indian Territory.

Considering the requirement of large investment to meet above objective, The World Bank

has been formally requested to provide long-term support to NGRBA, through several

phases of substantive financing and knowledge support. While, the overall technical

assistance and program development under the proposed initiatives will focus on the entire

Ganga main stem, the initial emphasis of the specific investments under the first project will

focus on main stem of Ganga flowing through five basin states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar

Pradesh, Uttarakhand and West Bengal in India. Specifically, pollution abatement programs

in cities on the banks of these States which would include a range of municipal investments

such as sewer networks, waste water treatment facilities, industrial pollution control

measures, municipal solid waste and river front management . This is expected to be

achieved through several phases of substantive financing and knowledge support.

The first project of such several phases of support aims at;

i. Establishing and operationalizing central and state level NGRBA institutions capable

of planning and implementing a multi sectoral river water quality improvement

program and;

ii. Reducing pollution loads into the river through selected investments.

1.2.1 World Bank Assistance

The Government of India has sought programmatic assistance from the World Bank to

support the NGRBA in the long term. This assistance and aims to support the NGRBA in

establishing its operational-level institutions and implementing priority infrastructure

investments.

1.3 Project Components

The project will have two components relating to institutional development and priority

infrastructure investments. The first component would seek to build the institutional

capacity to effectively implement the overall NGRBA program, including infrastructure

investments funded by the second component.

1.3.1 Component One: Institutional Development

1.3.1.1 Objective

The objectives of this component are to: (i) build functional capacity of the NGRBA’s

operational institutions at both the central and state levels; and (ii) provide support to


associated institutions for implementing the NGRBA program. The activities financed under

this component are grouped under the following sub-components:

a. Sub-component A: NGRBA Operationalization and Program Management

b. Sub-component B: Technical Assistance for ULB Service Providers

c. Sub-component C: Technical Assistance for Environmental Regulators

1.3.1.2 Sub Component A: NGRBA Operationalization and Program Management

This sub-component is aimed at supporting the nascent operational institutions established

for implementing the NGRBA program at the central and state levels on a full time basis.

The NGRBA’s operational institutions comprise the Program Management Group (PMG) at

the central level, and SGRCA Program Management Groups (SPMGs) at the state level. The

PMG is being established as a fully owned society of the Government of India, with suitable

structure, staff, powers and leadership, to lead the planning and program management of

the NGRBA program at the national level. It is supported and housed by the MOEF as the

nodal Ministry. Similarly, the SPMGs are being established in the form of registered

societies2, to ensure effective planning and program management at the state level.

Separating Program Management from Investment Execution: The rationale for establishing

the PMG and SPMGs is to have institutions with single point responsibility for the NGRBA’s

program planning, management and long-term sustainability.

Program Management for the Entire NGRBA Program: The sub-component will provide for

initial setup costs of office infrastructure and equipment, as well as provision of critical

consultancies, incremental staffing, training, and operation costs. Key NGRBA program

management activities included under this sub-component are described below3:

a. Enhancing Ganga Knowledge Resources

b. Communications and Public Participation

c. Innovative Pilots

d. Program of Action for Carbon Credits

1.3.1.3 Sub component B: Technical Assistance for ULB Service Provider

The long term operation and maintenance of the NGRBA-funded assets is the responsibility

of the ULBs and local service providers, and this sub-component is aimed at providing

assistance that can gradually enable them to take on their role.

1.3.1.4 Sub-component C: Technical Assistance for Environmental Regulator

This sub-component is aimed at addressing the key constraints faced by the CPCB and

SPCBs related to their functions regarding the Ganga. The subcomponent will support:

2 With exception of Jharkhand, where instead of establishing a dedicated SPMG, the nodal state department

(Department of Urban Development) will implement the NGRBA program. This is because a dedicated agency is

not justified given the small stretch of the Ganga river in Jharkhand.

3 For more details refer “Environmental and Social Management Framework for World Bank Assisted National

Ganga River Basin Project, 2011”. PMG, National Ganga River Basin Authority, MoEF.


14

a. Capacity building of the CPCB and SPCBs

b. Up-gradation of Ganga Water Quality Monitoring System

1.3.2 Component Two: Priority Infrastructure Investments

1.3.2.1 Objective

The objective of this component is to finance demonstrative infrastructure investments to

reduce pollution loads in priority locations on the river.

1.3.2.2 Investment Sectors

The majority of investments are expected to be in following four sectors :

i. the wastewater sector, particularly in wastewater treatment plants and sewerage

networks.

ii. industrial pollution control and prevention (e.g. construction of common effluent

treatment plants),

iii. solid waste management (collection, transport and disposal systems for municipal

waste ),

iv. river front management (e.g. improvement of the built environment along river

stretches, improvement of small ghats and electric crematoria, conservation and

preservation of ecologically sensitive sites).

Many investments are likely to combine elements of more than one of above sectors.

1.3.2.3 The Framework Approach

In lieu of defining and appraising specific investments, the project preparation has focused

on developing investments framework covering all four key sectors of intervention under

the NGRBA program. This single framework will apply to all investments under the

NGRBA program.

The objectives of the investments framework are to:

a. provide a filter for all the NGRBA investments, for ensuring that the selected

investments are well-prepared and amongst the most effective in reducing the

pollution loads;

b. make transparent the decision-making process on investments selection; and

c. ensure that the investments are implemented in a sustainable manner

The investments framework prescribes the criteria and quality assurance standards covering

various aspects including eligibility, prioritization, planning, technical preparation, financial

and economic analyses, environmental and social management, long term O&M

sustainability, community participation, and local institutional capacity4.

4 For more details refer “Environmental and Social Management Framework for World Bank Assisted National

Ganga River Basin Project, 2011”. PMG, National Ganga River Basin Authority, MoEF.


1.3.2.4 Investment Execution

The investments program will be planned and managed by the NGRBA level PMG and state

level PMGs, while the execution of specific infrastructure investments will be done by the

selected existing and qualified state-level technical agencies. To foster competition and tap

private sector efficiencies, the state governments with significant infrastructure investments

are also setting up a public-private joint venture infrastructure company, to execute NGRBA

and other similar investments in the respective states in the medium to long term.

1.3.2.5 Rehabilitation of existing infrastructure.

Investments involving rehabilitation of existing infrastructure will be given priority due to

their intrinsically higher returns in terms of reductions in pollution loads entering the

Ganga.

1.4 Structure of the Report

The Detailed project Report is prepared by UPJN. TERI has worked closely with them while

carrying out environmental and social assessment. This report deals with the Environment

and Social Assessment with Management Plan for the Sewerage works in Sewerage District

‘C’ of Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh. It provides baseline status of the existing sewage

management and expected situation post implementation of the proposed project with

associated environmental and social impacts. The Environmental and Social management

plan prepared for mitigating these associated impacts, as per the Environment and Social

Management Framework is also included in this report. The ESAMP report is presented in

in following 9 chapters:

Chapter 1 : Provides an introduction of the programme to clean up River Ganga and

various mechanisms to implement the project. This chapter details out the functionalities of

the institutions involved in the project.

Chapter 2: Provides project description is discussed pertaining to the proposed sewerage

project in District C of Allahabad. This chapter provides insight into the various component

of the proposed project and briefly discusses about the previous projects attempted for River

Ganga in Allahabad.

Chapter 3: Details out the methodology adopted for the environmental and social

assessment included primary and secondary data collection and analysis.

Chapter 4 : Presents the applicable laws and guidelines related to such kind of projects and

are in accordance with the ESMF report.

Chapter 5 : Presents detailed baseline scenario based on information available for city and

for sewerage district C from environmental and social aspects. .

Chapter 6: Provides assessment of environmental and social impacts.

Chapter 7 : Presents proposed mitigative measures for identified impacts.

Chapter 8 : Present social development outcomes of the proposed project and related issues.

Chapter 9 : Presents conclusions of the study. Which also concludes that it is low impact

project.


16

Chapter 2 Project Description

2.1 About the City

Allahabad city lies on the 25°28’ North latitude and 81° 52’ East longitude. Main land of the

city is surrounded by river Ganga and Yamuna in three directions i.e. North, South and east

direction. The river Ganga flows on the north and east boundary of the old city while river

Yamuna flows on south boundary of old city as shown in the Figure 2.1. Allahabad is among

the largest cities in Uttar Pradesh. The city is situated at the auspicious confluence (Sangam)

of three holy rivers 'Ganga', 'Yamuna' and the river of enlightenment, the mythical

'Saraswati'. There are very few places parallel to Allahabad not only in India but also around

the world, which is described in ancient scriptures as Prayag -Prayagraj or Teerthraaj (the

holiest pilgrimage centre). With the additional magnetism of Maha Kumbh Mela, hailed as

the world's largest congregation of devotees, attended by millions of pilgrims, its

importance can hardly be over emphasized.

Plate 2.1 Anand Bhawan- house of Jawaharlal Nehru’s Family (left) and night view of New Yamuna

bridge (right)5

2.2 Existing Sewerage Facilities in Allahabad City

The Sewerage system in the Allahabad city was first introduced in the year 1910. The facility

was subsequently extended in a number of developing areas according to the need and

financial position of the local body. The collection system covers about 45% of the city area

and most of this is within the central core of the city. The total amount of wastewater

measured in drains and at the STPs in the year 2000 was about 210 mld of which 89 mld was

diverted into the sewer collection system. The wastewater flowing into the SPS (Sewage

Pumping Station) is greater than the existing treatment capacity of STP, leading to overflow

of untreated wastewater into the river as shown in Plate 2.2. Further the existing sewers

have outlived their design life and suffer from insufficient hydraulic capabilities, heavy silt

5 Allahabad district government website, <http://allahabad.nic.in/PictureGallery.htm>


deposition, and severe choking due to ingress of solid waste and poor structural conditions

in most of the stretches.

At present, there are 57 drains/ nalas which discharge into the rivers Ganga & Yamuna at

Allahabad. Out of 57 drains, 2 drains fall in the cantonment area under the control of the

defense ministry. Out of remaining 55 polluting drains, 7 major drains have been intercepted

under Ganga Action Plan Phase I (GAP - I), 2 drains have been tapped under Ganga Action

Plan Phase II (GAP - II), further 16 drains will be tapped under the ongoing scheme under

JNNURM, 10 drains are proposed to be tapped under scheme pending for approval and

new DPR’s are under preparation for tapping of remaining 20 drains. UPJN (Uttar Pradesh

Jal Nigam) is responsible for pollution prevention and planning capital projects for

sewerage. UPJN also operates and maintains large pumping stations and the treatment

plant. Jal Sansthan is responsible for maintenance of trunk sewers, lateral sewers and

collection of revenue from house connections. The brief details about the completed/ on-

going/ approved sewerage projects in Allahabad city are described below.

Plate 2.2 Chanchar Nala (left) and Wastewater discharged behind the house (right)

2.2.1 Works Completed under Ganga Action Plan Phase – I (GAP-I)

With the objective of pollution to improve the river water quality and to reduce the

environmental degradation, Ganga Action Plan was launched in 1985 by Ministry of

Environment & Forest, Government of India. The main focus of the Plan was on Interception

& Diversion and treatment of sewage through 261 schemes spread over 25 Class I towns of

U.P., Bihar and West Bengal. Nearly 34 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) with a treatment

capacity of 869 mld have been set up under the Plan, which was completed in March 2000 at

a cost of Rs. 452 crores. The Schemes completed under GAP-I in the district of Allahabad city

are summarized below:

Renovation of Gaughat Main Sewage Pumping Station

Renovation of Intermediate Sewage Pumping Stations

Relieving sewer in Kydganj area

Daraganj sewer and Sewage Pumping Station


18

Relieving sewer in Daraganj area

Tapping of Mumfordganj nala

Taping of Chachar nala

Partial taping of Ghaghar nala

60 mld sewage treatment works at Naini based on Activated Sludge Process

2.2.2 Works Completed under Ganga Action Plan Phase II

In continuation with the pollution abatement programme, Ganga Action Plan-II was started

in 1993, which planned to cover 59 towns located along the river in the five states of

Uttarakhand, U.P, Jharkhand, Bihar and West-Bengal. Nearly 319 schemes have been taken

up under the plan, out of which 200 have been completed. An expenditure of Rs. 370.40

crore has been incurred so far creating sewage treatment capacity of 130 mld. Later in 1996,

this plan was expanded into the National River Conservation Plan (NRCP), which presently

covers polluted stretches of 36 rivers in 20 States in the country. The Schemes completed

under GAP-I in the district of Allahabad are summarized below:

Renovation/ Rehabilitation of Chachar nala SPS

Tapping Salori nala and Construction of Sewage pumping station

29 mld Salori STP with land acquisition

Construction of Morigate Sewage Pumping Station

2.2.3 On-going works in Sewerage District ‘D’ Under JNNURM

To order to encourage the cities for taking up the initiative steps to bring about

improvement in the existing services levels in a financially sustainable manner, Jawaharlal

Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM) was launched in December 2005 by the

Government of India. The primary objective of the JnNURM is to create economically

productive, efficient, equitable and responsive cities. With reference to Allahabad city, the

under mentioned works have been approved by the Central Sanctioning & Monitoring

Committee (CSMC) of the Ministry of Urban Development Govt. of India in 2009.

Completion period of the approved works is 3 years.

Construction of new Trunk Sewer 7.20 Km

Replacement of old Trunk Sewer 3.800 Km

Lateral & Branch sewers 225.000 Km

Desilting and Rehabilitation of existing old Trunk Sewer 5.474 Km

Renovation & Upgradation of Alopibagh SPS and its rising main

Renovation & Upgradation of Morigate SPS and its rising main

Renovation & Upgradation of Allahpur SPS

Renovation & Upgradation of Daraganj SPS

55 mld Capacity MPS and its rising main at Mumfordganj


25 mld Capacity MPS and its rising main at Rajapur

60 mld Sewage Treatment Plant at Rajapur

2.2.4 City Sewerage Plan

As per the recent master plan of city development, Allahabad city has been divided into

seven sewerage districts A-G as shown in Figure 2.1. The District wise (A to G)

arrangements and status of sewage treatment in Allahabad is given in Table 2.1.

District A: District ‘A’ covers central core conveying sewage to existing Gaughat MPS

and Naini STP. This area includes the old city core with an old sewerage network

dating back to as early as 1910.

District B: From Lukerganj SPS to Ghaghar nala SPS, conveying sewage upstream of

Yamuna River to Numaya Dahi STP. This district is located to the west of district A

from Ghaghar nala to Sasur Khaderi river.

District C: Area north of cantonment conveying sewage to sanctioned Salori STP.

Wastewater from Allapur area has been reassigned to the Salori STP catchment since

crossing the bridge to Phaphamau as previously proposed was not possible. At

present the area has no sewers and waste water flow through the Salori, Allenganj

and Buxibund nala which are intercepted and diverted to 29 mld capacity Salori STP

constructed under GAP II.

District D: Alopibagh SPS area will convey sewage to proposed Rajapur STP. This

zone is experiencing rapid growth and projected populations indicate that densities

will be much greater than 300 persons per hectare before 2025.

District E: West Allahabad conveying sewage to Kodara STP and Ponghat STP in

Sulem Sarai area. This district is divided into three nala catchments, namely Ponghat

nala to the west, Kodara nala (central), and Nehru Park nala to the east.

District F: Phaphamau area conveying sewage to Phaphamau STP. At present the

area has no sewers but in future sewers will be laid as per requirement.

District G: South of Yamuna river conveying sewage to proposed Mawaiya STP.

Proposed sewerage District G is largely un-sewered at present.

In addition to the seven sewerage districts, the Master Plan has identified two future service

areas (FSA) which are outside the municipal limits but have or will have, within the design

horizon, a population density of more than 120 person / ha. Hence, the sewerage system

needs to be extended to FSAs in the future.

Table 2.1 District wise (A to G) arrangements and status of Sewage Treatment in

Allahabad*

Sewer

Service

Areas

Population

in 2001

Projected Population Projected Sewage Flow in

MLD

2010 2025 2040 2010 2025 2040

District A 304643 405176 479731 515155 53.48 63.32 68.00

District B 160416 179826 279169 343674 23.74 36.86 45.36

District C* 147126 198473 267180 323679 26.20 35.27 42.73


20

Sewer

Service

Areas

Population

in 2001

Projected Population Projected Sewage Flow in

MLD

2010 2025 2040 2010 2025 2040

District D 225846 314514 361352 496859 41.52 47.70 65.59

District E 164672 177845 223789 322577 23.48 29.54 42.58

District F 29628 36000 65196 129500 4.75 8.61 17.09

District G 160000 185121 232280 418000 24.44 30.66 55.18

Total 1192331 1496955 1908697 2549444 197.60 251.95 336.53

Source: Draft Detailed Project Report of Proposed Sewerage System and STP in Sewerage District ‘C’

and Allahapur, Allahabad, 2011 by Tata Consulting Engineers Limited.

*Population figures include daily floating population but do not include population of Kumb Mela and

population of Allahpur region.


Figure 2.1 City Sewerage Plan of Allahabad city

Source: City Development Plan, Allahabad Nagar Nigam, <http://www.allahabadnagarnigam.in/english/JNNURM_CDP_DraftReport_eng.htm>,

Assessed on June 2011.

http://www.allahabadnagarnigam.in/english/JNNURM_CDP_DraftReport_eng.htm


22

2.2.5 Works Approved Under NGRBA

To ensure effective abatement of pollution and conservation of the river Ganga, keeping

with sustainable development needs, the Government of India (GoI) constituted the

National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA), on 20th February 2009. The prime

objectives of the NGRBA program are to finance infrastructure investments to reduce

pollution loads at priority locations on the river Ganga. The investments are intended to

exemplify, among other attributes, the high standards of technical preparation and

implementation, sustainability of operations, and public participation. With reference to

Allahabad city, DPRs amounting to Rs. 305.34 Crore, has been approved under the National

Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA), Ministry of Environment & Forest Govt. of India.

Component wise approved works are proposed in the Sewerage District A, B & E of

Allahabad city as summarized below.

Laying/ Replacement of Trunk Sewers- 14211 m

Rehabilitation of Existing Trunk Sewers- 1656 m

Desilting & Rehabilitation of Existing Trunk Sewer- 4064 m

Renovation/ Up-gradation of Existing SPS- 3 Nos

Construction of New SPS- 4 Nos

Construction of Rising mains- 8050m

Renovation/ Capacity enhancement of existing 60 mld capacity Naini STP- 1 No

(20mld)

Construction of New STPs- (Numaya Dahi 50 mld + Kodra 25 mld + 10 Ponghat) 3

Nos (75 mld)

Sewage farm channel & minor channels for Numaya Dahi STP- 18850m

2.3 Necessity of this project

Under the ‘Mission clean Ganga’ no untreated municipal sewage or industrial effluent

would be allowed to be discharged in to the river Ganga by the year 2020. In Allahabad,

total estimated sewerage generation of the town in the year 2025 is expected to be 295.85 mld

against which 89 mld treatment capacity is available (Naini 60+ Salori 29), 60 mld treatment

capacity is under execution at Rajapur, Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) for construction of

105 mld treatment capacity (Numaya Dahi 50 mld + Kodra 25 mld + Ponghat 10 mld + Naini

up-gradation by 20 mld = Total 105 mld) has been approved by the NRCD under NGRBA.

Further DPR for 59 mld treatment is under preparation (Naini 35 mld +Phaphamau 10 mld +

Salori 14 mld) under National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA).

Presently, the sewerage district ‘C’ area is un-sewered and waste water finds its way into the

river through open drains. Under Ganga action Plan phase II, interception & diversion

works of Salori & Allenganj Nala, 42.5 mld capacity MPS along with 29 mld capacity STP

has been constructed. Later about 900-1000 mm diameter trunk sewer in a length of about

3.2 km has been added to this system under state sector projects. However total waste water

generated in this district during the year 2025 would be 43 mld against the installed capacity


23

of 29mld, thus an additional unit of 14 mld will be needed (refer Table 2.3). While the area

under the sewerage district ‘C’ is mere 9% of the total area, it holds 13% population of the

total city. Considering the density of population, absence of sewerage network, proximity to

the Ganga river and the point of confluence, it becomes more important to provide sewerage

and treatment infrastructure in the district ‘C’. With the aim of providing complete sewerage

facilities in the sewerage district ‘C’ all required trunk/ branch/ lateral sewer network has

been taken in this proposal.

Table 2.2 District wise Population Projection

Sewerage District Projected Population

2001 2010 2025 2040

District C (Zone 1 to 4) 147126 198473 267180 323679

Allahpur 58000 98000

Total 147126 198473 325180 421479



Table 2.3 Sewage Flow Generation (Capacities in MLD)

District Existing

STP

Capacity

Required

STP in

2025

Proposed

Capacity

for Sub-

project

Total

Capacity

by 2040

Required

in 2040

Augmentation

Required for

2040

Total

STP

Capacity

by 2040

District C

&

Allahpur

29.00 42.92 14.00 43.00 55.66 13.00 56.00



2.4 Location of Proposed Sewerage Project

As per the latest master plan, Allahabad city has been divided into seven sewerage districts

A-G. Out of those seven, sewerage district C lies at 25°48’ North latitude and 81° 75’ East

longitude, located in the north eastern part of the city and adjoining the river Ganga in the

upstream and confluence point in the downstream side. Area north of cantonment is the

primary area conveying sewage to sanctioned Salori STP. There are totally 12 wards falling

under this project area, having a total population of 198473 as of 20106. The area is mostly

residential with no industrial area and very less commercial area, which is very randomly

distributed in the whole study area.

6 Draft Detailed Project Report of Proposed Sewerage System and STP in Sewerage District ‘C’ and Allahapur,

Allahabad, 2011 by Tata Consulting Engineers Limited.


25

Figure 2.2 Location map of Allahabad City, Uttar Pradesh

Source: City Development Plan, Allahabad Nagar Nigam,

<http://www.allahabadnagarnigam.in/english/JNNURM_CDP_DraftReport_eng.htm>,

Assessed on June 2011.

2.5 Proposed Sewerage System

The proposed sewerage network in sewerage district ‘C’ is divided in to 2 major

areas as shown in Figure 2.3.

1. The area North of Salori STP comprises four zones starting from Zone – 1

being farthest in North of Salori STP, with zone – 2 and zone – 3 enroute up to

Zone – 4 which is just adjoining to Salori STP. The sewer networks and trunk

mains are also planned more or less flowing towards the Salori STP. The

notable areas in Zone-I include Uptron chauraha, Narayani Ashram, Kuti

Mahadev and Rambah; Zone-II & III include: Govindpur, Kailaspur, Katju

colony, Bholai Ka Pura, Salori, Ramchandra Dharamshala, Gayatri Nagar,

Rajeev Nagar colony, Bada Baghada, Galla Bazar, Sadiya bad, ISU Degree

http://www.allahabadnagarnigam.in/english/JNNURM_CDP_DraftReport_eng.htm


26

college and hostel, IERT college and St. Peter’s Academy; Zone –IV include

Chotta baghada, Baksi Bandh, Sabzi Mandi, Ram Priya, Dharhariya, Smt.

Anibesant Girls College and Kisnayan Public school.

2. The Allahpur area sewer network is an Independent zone.

The proposed sub-project aim to provide complete sewerage facilities in the

sewerage district ‘C’ of the Allahabad city. The project mainly includes:

Approximately 141 km long sewerage network including all required trunk/

branch/ lateral sewer.

Augmenting Salori STP with additional 14 mld capacity of STP and SPS

Additional 14.5 mld of sewage pumping station at Chilla Village of sewerage

district ‘C’.

Sewer cleaning equipment


27

Figure 2.3 Key plan of proposed sewer network system in sewer district ‘C’ of

Allahabad city

(Source: Extracted from Draft DPR of Sewerage Project in Sewerage District ‘C’ of Allahabad

City, 2010. Ganga Pollution Control Unit, Allahabad)

2.5.1 Components of Proposed Sewerage Work

Comprehensive sewerage network is proposed for sewerage district ‘C’ to cover

entire area with sewerage system, so that sewage flows can be collected in an

integrated manner and conveyed to STP for treatment before discharge into Ganga

river via Nallah. The proposed sewerage system is designed for 30 years period with

base period of 2010 and design year 2040.

A. Sewer System

(i) Sewer Pipes: It is proposed to lay approximately 141 km long sewer network in sewerage district C of the city. Size wise details are given in the Table 2.3

below.


28

Table 2.4 Size wise details of the sewers proposed for sewerage work in District

‘C’

The proposed sewers are of RCC pipes (Class NP3) for all the diameters. The

provision is also made in cost estimation for HDPE pipes for initial stretches in very

congested and narrow lanes to speed up the construction work at site.

(ii) Manholes: the ordinary circular manholes of brick masonry are proposed at all junctions, change of diameters, and change in pipe gradients and on straight

run of sewer. Drop manholes are proposed where the difference between invert

level of lateral/ branch sewer and maximum water level (at design peak flows) of main sewer is more than 600mm. Scraper manholes are proposed for sewer

diameter greater than 450mm at interval of about 150m to facilitate lowering of

equipment for cleaning purpose.

(iii) House connection: Laterals are proposed along the roads to connect sewage

from individual houses and it is connected to branch sewers. 100% house

connections are proposed for sewerage district ‘C’ since this area is unsewered. Sewer connection ratio of more than 95% is proposed to be achieved by year

20207.

Following two options are been studied by the external consultant for proposed

sewerage system in sewerage district ‘C’.

Option 1: Laying of trunck sewer along the bank of Ganga river and conveying entire

sewage to Salori STP by gravity.

Option 2: Laying of trunk sewer on the internal roads by avoiding route on bank of

Ganga river except last portion near Zone-IV to Salori STP.

Based on pros and cons of each options and life cycle cost analysis conducted by

external consultant, it has been recommended that option-2 is techno-economical

solution for proposed system in sewerage district ‘C’.

B. Proposed 14.50 mld (design peak flow) Sewage Pumping Station near Chilla village

The proposed SPS near Chilla village in the sewerage network of Allahabad,

sewerage district ‘C’ is designed to pump the sewage of Zone-1 to nearby manhole.

The pumping station will be wet well type, wherein submersible type of pumps with

7 More information can be obtained in Draft Detailed Project Report of Proposed Sewerage System and

STP in Sewerage District ‘C’ and Allahapur, Allahabad, 2011 by Tata Consulting Engineers Limited.

Sewerage area Sewers Dia (mm) Length (Km)

District C- Zone I 150-800 27.53

District C- Zone II & III 150-1200 46.68

District C- Zone IV 150-1200 21.67

Allahpur 150-800 49.99

Total 140.87

Say 141 km


29

auto rail and guide, coupling will be installed. The pump capacity is 159 cum/hr, 18

meters of water column (mwc). At present, 3 numbers of pumps will be installed and

additional 3 numbers of same capacity will be installed in the year 2025. The

pumping station has been provided with DG back up for average flow condition,

where in during power failure 2 numbers of pumps and coarse screens will be

operated.

C. Augmentation of existing Salori STP and SPS

(i) 14.00 mld capacity Sewage Treatment Plant

In addition to the existing 29 MLD STP, a separate 14.00 mld sewage

Treatment Plant has been proposed for the treatment of additional flow to be

generated in future. This STP will be based on latest treatment technologies such as Sequence Batch Reactor (SBR)for better effluent quality as effluent of

the STP will be discharged into the river Ganga about 3.0 km upstream of

Sangam (Confluence of river Ganga & Yamuna). Various units (indicative considering SBR treatment technology ) of the STP are:

Stilling Chamber

Fine screen channels

Grit removal units

Anoxic basins

SBR basins

Chlorine contact tank and chlorination house

Sludge sump and pump house

Sludge thickener

Thickened sludge sump and centrifugal feed pumps

Sludge Dewatering system

Air blower room

Laboratory/ SCADA building

Staff quarters

(i) Installation of 14.00 mld capacity New Pumping Plants in existing sump

Since the capacity of existing sump is designed for 42 mld flow, an additional SPS of 14 mld is proposed, which can be sufficient for the feeding both of the

STPs of 29 mld & 14 mld. Submersible raw sewage pump (Non-clog, semi

open/ open impeller) is proposed with maximum solid handling capacity of 100mm. The pump capacity is 345 cum/hr, head 18m. A new RCC inlet

chamber is proposed for existing SPS which will have two coarse screen

channels with sluice gates and mechanically cleaned screens, each capable of handling design peak flow of year 2040.

D. Sewer Cleaning Equipment

For proper maintenance of the sewerage system, provision has been made for one

jetting cum suction machine, submersible dredger pump, safety equipment, and

sewer cleaning machine of power bucket type.


30

2.5.2 Implementation Schedule

It is anticipated that construction duration for the contractor is estimated to be 24

Months (including monsoon period) for proposed sewerage system and 18 months

for augmenting the STP and SPS at Salori STP, after appointment of contractor which

will include construction activities and commission of the system. The operation and

maintenance of proposed sewerage system is also considered for five years after

commission of the system.

2.5.3 Financing

Detailed Project Report(DPR) of “Proposed Sewerage System and STP in Sewerage

District ‘C’ and Allahapur of Allahabad City’’ under National Ganga River Basin

Authority (NGRBA) programme amounting to Rs. 17516.35lacs. Table 2.4 and 2.5

gives the summary of cost of the proposed STP and sewerage work in sewerage

district ‘C’ of Allahabad city.

Table 2.5 Abstract of Cost of Works Proposed 14 MLD SPS & STP

Sl.No. Description of Work Amount (Rupees

in Lacs)

(A) CIVIL WORKS

1 Sewage Pumping Station 14 mld 95.22

2 STP 14 mld 812.37

3 Treated effluent pumping stations 36.70

4 Cost of communication and public outreach activities 25.00

5 Cost of Governance and Accountability action plan 20.00

6 Environmental and Social Cost 1.00

Sub Total (A) 990.29

(B) E&M Works

1 Sewage Pumping Station 14 mld 194.72

2 STP 14 mld 1050.38

3 Treated effluent pumping stations 141.67

Sub Total (B) 1386.77

Total (A+B) 2377.06

(C ) Centage @8% 190.16

Total cost of the project (A+B+C) 2567.22

(D) Operation and Maintenance for 5 years 1672.46

Grand Total ((A+B+C+D) 4239.68 Lacs; say

42.40 Crores


31

Table 2.6 Overall Estimated Project Cost for proposed sewerage system project

Sl.No. Description of Work Amount (Rupees

in Lacs)

(A) CIVIL and EM WORKS

1 Intermediate Sewage Pumping Station at Chilla Village

in District C

229.21

2 Lift station near Salori Govindpur Road including

rising main

35.710

3 Sewer Lines (District C & Allahapur) 11960.670

4 Augmentation of existing SPS at Salori 109.980

5 4% project preparation & 4% project supervision cost 986.85

6 Communication and Public Outreach 70.000

7 GAAP 20.000

8 Environmental Mitigation Plan (EMP) 61.00

Sub Total (A) 13578.95

(B) Additional items including Polyurea coating of internal

surface of RCC pipes (dia 600mm an above); Brick on

edge road; cost of sewer cleaning equipment; RCC

manhole; stone pitching; electrical works for SPS at

Chilla village and railway crossing (supervision and

way leave charge)

412.94

Operational and Maintenance Cost for first five years

of commissioning

800.740

Sub Total (B) 1213.68

Total (A+B) 14687.1 lacsi.e. say

146.87 crore


32

Chapter 3 Approach and Methodology

3.1 Methodology

As per Environmental and Social Management Frame work (NGRBA, 2011)8, and

considering associated environmental and social impacts, an environmental and

social assessment with corresponding management plans for the proposed project of

sewerage works in sewerage district ‘C’ of Allahabad City has been conducted using

the following methodology:

Figure 3.1 Flowchart describing the steps adopted for Project Impact Assessment

a. Secondary Data analysis (Identify Information/Data Requirements and their

Sources): All the available information and data (quantitative, qualitative) regarding the proposed project was collected mainly from the Detailed

Project Report (DPR), consultation with stake-holders and other secondary

sources including the water/air/noise monitoring reports of UP Pollution Board, Water Quality Management Plan of Ganga River Report of JICA and

NRCD, City Development Plan of Allahabad and many others. Through this

secondary information a brief description and analysis of the sub-project activities along with baseline environmental profile of the project influence

8 For more details refer “Environmental and Social Management Framework for World Bank Assisted

National Ganga River Basin Project, 2011”. PMG, National Ganga River Basin Authority, MoEF.

Developing mitigation plan

Identification and assessment of

environmental/ social impacts

Screening activity

Secondary data analysis Field survey and stake-

holder consultation

Brief description & analysis of

the sub project activities

Detailed environmental profile of the

project influence area

Discussion with host population

and key stake-holders


33

was established. Based on initial understanding, the list of required

information was drafted before conducting the field survey.

b. Defining the project area and carrying out scoping in the field: Team undertook the

field survey and transect walk of the sewerage district ‘C’ area to develop the

understanding of the proposed project (refer Plate 2.3). GPS surveying of the study area was also conducted for mapping the social and environmental

issue. Field visits helped to understand the local knowledge and were

valuable in finding alternatives that help avoid or at least reduce the magnitude and severity of adverse impacts.

Plate 3.1 Consultation with Mr. Devanand Shukla an individual committed to saving

the Ganga (left)

c. Survey of the host population: With the help of questionnaires, local people were

interviewed in groups. A wide range of potentially affected people were

interviewed in District C including street vendors, residents of households, residents of temporary settlements, shop keepers, hospital patients, hospital

staff, etc. Both men and women were interviewed from different sections of

the society. Team undertook three field visits to carry out the survey and understand the ground situation. The interviewees were asked about their

awareness of the project, their response to it and the project is affecting them

(during construction phase) and how it will affect them (after completion phase). Also they were asked about the mitigation plans they have adopted

or are planning to adopt, suggestions for improvement and any public

grievances. Surveys were conducted along the path of construction site. Questionnaire used for the survey is attached as Annexure (1).


34

Plate 3.2 Consultation with local community around Salori STP

d. Discussion with the key stakeholders: Most of the important key stakeholders were interacted during informal and formal discussions with them. All the

associated government departments were visited to collect the relevant data

and their feedback on the project activities. Minutes of meeting for all these discussions are attached as Annexure (2).

e. Conduct Screening: Screening is undertaken in the very beginning stages of

project development. The purpose of screening is to screen out “no significant impacts” from those with significant impacts and get a broad picture of the

nature, scale and magnitude of the issues. Team conducted screening process

using the screening checklist format provided in ESMF report of NGRBA, which is described in subsequent section.

f. Identify and assess the impacts: Based on the analysis of the data gathered from

field survey, stakeholder interaction/ consultation and secondary sources, issues related to the environmental and social sectors were been identified.

The impacts so identified were compared with the existing baseline

environmental and social condition of the study region. The impacts of the activities are mostly positive with few adverse impacts.

g. Develop a mitigation plan: Based on the environmental and social issues

identified, and recommend any measures needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse impacts and improve environmental

performance. The mitigation plans is suggested in all three stages: designing

phase, construction phase and, operation and maintenance phase.

3.2 Screening Activity for Project Impact Assessment

Screening activity is undertaken in the very beginning stages of project development.

The purpose of screening is to screen out “no significant impacts” from those with

significant impacts and get a broad picture of the nature, scale and magnitude of the

issues. Based on the secondary data analysis, field assessments and stakeholder

interaction/ consultation, the screening activity was conducted as per the guidelines


35

provided in Environmental and Social Management Framework of NGRBA

(NGRBA, 2011)9 as given in the Table 3.1 below.

Table 3.1 Environment and Social information format for screening

Environment and Social information format for screening

Project Title: Sewerage Works in Sewerage District ‘C’ in Allahabad City of Uttar Pradesh

Implementing agency: Ganga Pollution Control Unit, Allahabad

Project cost: 17516.35 lac Rupees

Project components:

a). Sewer System (~141 km long)

b). Installation of 14.5 mld capacity New Pumping Plants at Chilla Village

c). Augmenting Salori STP with 14.00 mld capacity Sewage Treatment Plant and Sewage

pumping station.

d). Sewer Cleaning Equipment

Project location (Area/ district): Sewerage District C in Allahabad

Located in the north eastern part of the city and adjoining the river Ganga in the upstream and

confluence point in the downstream side. The area is mostly residential with no industrial area

and very less commercial area. At present the area has no sewers and waste water flows through

the Salori, Allenganj and Buxibund nala which are intercepted and diverted to 29 mld capacity

Salori STP constructed under GAP II. The total waste water generated in this district in the year

2025 will be more than the capacity of the existing STP and hence an additional unit of 14 mld

will be needed.

Screening Criteria Assessment

of category

Explanatory note for

categorization

Evidence and

references

1 Is the project in an eco-

sensitive area or

adjoining an eco-

sensitive area? (Yes/No)

If Yes, which is t h e

area? Elaborate

i m p a c t accordingly.

No There are no eco-

sensitive areas such as

water bodies,

monuments or protected

forested areas

surrounding the project.

Figure 5.9: Map

showing the Eco-

sensitive areas closest to

Allahabad District C.

Field visits, secondary

information and

interaction with U.P. Jal

Nigam and other

Government officials.

2

Will the project create significant/limited/no social impacts?

2.1 Land acquisition

resulting in loss of

income from

agricultural land,

plantation or other

existing land-use.

No social

impacts

No Land acquisition

involved

As per observations in

the field and interviews

of key stakeholders,

residents, local people,

Figure 5.11: indicating

that the sewer line will

pass through the

residential colonies,

commercial areas of the

district and would not




36

and other sources such

as DPR, it has been

established that no

private land would be

acquired for either laying

of sewer network or for

building a new STP.

Project land for STP

expansion is already

available with

government.

For the Sewage pumping

station, (as informed by

Ganga Pollution Control

Unit (GPCU), UP Jal

Nigam, Allahabad), the

required land is under

government ownership

and does not require

acquisition. A charge of

Rs.1000 to Rs. 1200 will

be paid to the District

Administration for

availing use of land.

Sewer line would be laid

on the public roads and

for STP land is already

available with the

government, as

confirmed by Revenue

department also. So

there is no loss of income

from agricultural land

Also there exist no

squatters or encroachers

in and around the

proposed project areas

enter or pass through

agricultural fields.

Figure 5.12: indicating

that STP area is well

demarcated for even

provision of building

new STP in the given

area. Moreover the only

land available for

agricultural practice as

seen in sewerage district

C is a flood plain area

where no construction

will happen

Field visits,

consultation with

stakeholders, like local

people (for JNNURM

projects), local residents,

government officials.

2.2 Loss of livelihood No Loss of livelihood

would not happen and

also mobile vendors can

change their position

and minor disruption in

terms of access to shops.

Consultation with

stakeholders, like (for

JNNURM projects),

DPR & CRR


37

2.3 Land acquisition

resulting in

relocation of

households.

No social

impacts

Land acquisition is not

required.

As per first hand

observation from the

field and through

interviews of key

stakeholders, residents,

local people, and other

sources like DPR, it is

established that no

private land would be

acquired for either laying

of sewer network or for

building up new STP.

The project land is

already available with

the government and also

Revenue department has

confirmed the

ownership.

Also there exist no

squatters or encroachers

in and around the

premises which will get

affected due to it

Field survey,

Consultations with


people (for JNNURM



DPR & CRR

2.4 Any reduction of

access to traditional

and river dependent

communities (to river

and areas where they

earn for their primary

or substantial

livelihood).

No social

impacts

No access problem to

river

Field visits and

consultations with the

shop keepers, mobile

vendors, expert

opinions

2.5 Any displacement or

adverse impact on

tribal settlement(s).

No social

impacts

There are no tribal

settlements in the project

area.

Consultations with


people (for JNNURM



2.6 Any specific gender

issues.

No social

impacts

No gender issues were

reported during survey

Consultations,

interviews, which were

taken up with females

specifically.

3 Will the project create significant / limited / no environmental impacts during the

construction stage? (Significant / limited / no impacts)

3.1 Clearance of

vegetation/ tree-cover

No

environment

al impacts

The major land use

pattern of sewerage

district C is mostly

residential, with limited

Field visits and

Interaction with UP Jal

Nigam, Nagar Nigam

department.


38

agricultural and no

forested areas.

Vegetation and tree

cover were insignificant

in the proposed project

area. Also, sewer lines

will be laid in the center

of the roads hence no

impact on trees (which

are aligned along the

sides of roads) or on

residential parks such as

Singh park, Durga puja

park-1, Durga puja park-

2, Irrigation park, Ram

park, Katju Colony park,

Ram Leela park and Shiv

Nagar park.

Figure 5.11: GIS map of

ward localities in

District C.

Figure 3.2: Satellite

image showing the

alignment of trees along

the sides of the roads in

District C.

Figure 5.7: GIS map of

identified parks in

District C.

3.2 Direct discharge of

construction run-off,

improper storage and

disposal of excavation

spoils, wastes and

other construction

materials adversely

affecting water

quality and flow

regimes.

Limited Possibility of temporary

flushing away of un-

managed spoils and

construction wastes

during rainfall to river

Ganga via storm water

drains.

If not appropriately

managed, there may be

potential for temporarily

affecting storm water

flows by obstruction to

flows and blockage of

drains, especially during

rainfall. This may cause

floods.


Nigam and other

Government officials and

consultation with local

residents of sewerage

district ‘C’.

Figure 5.6: GIS map

showing the drainage

network of District C.

Additionally, there is a

provision in the DPR

(STP) for Allahabad

Sewerage District ‘C’,

Volume III, Annexure

XI, BOQ and Cost

Estimate covered under:

(A) Option 1

Augmentation of

existing SPS (pp. A-XI-1

to A-XI-4); (B) Option 2

New 14 MLD SPS (pp.

A-XI-9 to A-XI-13); (C)

New 14 MLD STP (pp.

A-XI-19 to A-XI-44)




39

(sewerage system) for

Allahabad Sewerage

District ‘C’, Volume-IV

and Volume V, Cost

estimates and

measurement sheets

covered under: (A)

Option 1 (Vol.-IV pp. 1,

84, 221); (B) Option 2

(Vol.-V pp. 123, 202,

339)

3.3 Flooding of adjacent

areas

Limited

For the expansion of

Salori STP, flooding is

possible, given that the

construction site is in a

depression; however, for

the same reason, even if

flooding did occur, it

would have limited

impact on the

surrounding area.

For sewerage works in

the entire sewerage

district C, flooding could

be an issue during the

monsoons, since the

drainage system in

sewerage district ‘C’

covers approximately 60-

65 %, which is further

ineffective due to

blocked drains and poor

solid waste management.

The areas which are

expected to face

temporary flooding

issues include Labour

Chauraha Mandi

(Allahapur) area, low

lying area near Sabji

Mandi and Chhotta

Bhaghara.

Additionally, if water

pipes are inadvertently

breached, flooding will

result. One such event

Figure 3.3: Satellite

image demarcating the

planned expansion area

for the Salori STP.

Plate 3.3: Image

showing stagnated

stormwater behind the

Salori STP barricade,

limiting its flow

outwards.

City Development Plan

for Allahabad, Final

Report by Feedback

Ventures.

Plate 5.1: Image

showing flooded streets

of Allahabad District C

after rainfall.

Plate 3.4: Image

showing flooded street

due to water pipe burst

in front of a shop in

Allahabad District C.


40

was also recorded

during field observation

of ongoing JNNURM

project (Plate 3.4).

3.4 Improper storage and

handling of

substances leading to

contamination of soil

and water

Limited

The storage of

construction related

material will not cause

any contamination since

these materials would

typically include:

Concrete, pipes,

masonry, rubber pipes.

There are no water

bodies within the study

area. However, with

other finer materials

such as powders, fluids

and greases, if not

appropriately managed

or in the event of an

accident, there may be

potential for temporary

contamination of the

river Ganga via the

various drains and nalas

in sewerage district C,

during rainfall.

The agricultural land in

sewerage district C is

limited to the area

situated behind Salori

STP (used only during

the dry season) and may

be temporarily

contaminated via

powders, fluids and

greases if construction

material is not handled

appropriately.

Plate 3.5: Image

showing a typical

sewage construction

area with material.

Figure 5.6 highlights the

drainage network.

Section 5.1.10.1

provides details about

agricultural land in

sewerage district ‘C’.


provision in the

DPR(STP) for Allahabad

Sewerage District ‘C’,

Volume III, Annexure

XI, BOQ and Cost

Estimate covered under:

(A) Option 1

Augmentation of existing

SPS (pp. A-XI-1 to A-XI-

4); (B) Option 2 New 14

MLD SPS (pp. A-XI-9 to

A-XI-13); (C) New 14

MLD STP (pp. A-XI-19

to A-XI-44)




Allahabad Sewerage


and Volume V, Cost

estimates and

measurement sheets

covered under: (A)


84, 221); (B) Option

2(Vol.-V pp. 123, 202,

339)


41

3.5 Elevated noise and

dust emission

Limited

For sewage works,

construction is likely to

increase dust and noise

levels temporarily.

Temporary impacts may

especially be felt at

educational facilities like

schools/colleges (St.

Peter’s Academy, Annie

Besant School, IERT,

MNNIT, Institutes of

Ishwar Sharan, Kidzone

School), hospitals

(Narayani Asham

Hospital, Royal Hospital,

Sachan Nursing Home),

cultural centres like

Narayani Ashram.

Provided that

construction works near

schools and colleges are

carried out during

vacations and works

near hospitals are

completed on priority

basis (in shorter time

period with alternate

provision of traffic,

accessibility of exit/entry

gates etc.), the impacts

may be limited.

Specifically for the STP,

the enclosed nature of

the site will limit this

impact.

Impacts will be

temporary as 1 km of

sewer line is

approximated to be

completed within 5 days.

Consultation with local

residents, and

interaction with UP Jal

Nigam and other


Refer to ‘Construction

schedule’: DPR for

proposed STP/Sewerage

system in Sewerage

District ‘C’, Volume II,

pp. 12-10

3.6 Disruption to traffic

movements

Limited Sewer construction leads

to the temporary tearing-

up of roads and increase

in large construction

Figure 6.1: GIS map

distinguishing road

network of District C

with majority of roads


42

vehicles, which might

impair traffic movement,

especially in the

narrower roads and

lanes as seen mainly in

Allahapur region. This

effect can also be

expected in busy areas

like Telarganj, Shukla

Market, Allanganj,

Chandpur salori.

For the expansion of STP

at Salori, the site is away

from the busier areas of

Allahabad, and thus

should not have a major

impact on the city as a

whole.

in the Narrow category

(<=5 units).

Plate 3.7: Image

showing a typical busy

street near the Telarganj

area, of sewerage

district C.


provision in the

DPR(sewerage system)

for Allahabad Sewerage


and Volume V, Cost

estimates and

measurement sheets

covered under: (A)


84, 221): (B) Option 2

(Vol.-V pp. 123, 202,

339)

Figure 5.12: Location of

STP and its relative

distance from all the

surroundings

3.7 Damage to existing

infrastructure, public

utilities, amenities

etc.

Limited If not appropriately


potential for temporarily

affecting the existing

public utilities like water

supply, telephone,

electricity cables etc.

Records and layout plans

of existing underground

utilities and cable

networks (like telephone,

electricity water etc.)

were unavailable.

However, it is expected

that main utility lines

might run along main

roads such as Bandh

road, Salori-Govindpur

road, Talerganj road,

MLNR road and roads

around Uptron chauraha

as well as Baghambri


Nigam and other


Refer to Plate 3.4


provision in the

DPR(sewerage system)

for Allahabad Sewerage


and Volume V, Cost

estimates and

measurement sheets

covered under: (A)


84, 221): (B) Option 2

(Vol.-V pp. 123, 202,

339)


43

road and Matiyara road

in Allahapur.

3.8 Failure to restore

temporary

construction sites

Limited From field visits and as

per JNNURM project

reinstatement of

dismantled roads after

filling and proper

compaction was

observed.

Although temporary,

concerns regarding

failure to restore

construction sites

including failure to close

and appropriately fence-

off open pits were cited

as safety concerns

especially for children.

Field visits and

interaction with U.P. Jal

Nigam and other

Government officials and

consultation with local

residents.

Plate 3.6: Image shows

the good practice of

fencing-off construction

areas; this was followed

in the JNNURM phase

sewerage project in

Allahabad.




Allahabad Sewerage


and Volume V, Cost

estimates and

measurement sheets

covered under: (A)


84, 221): (B) Option 2

(Vol.-V pp. 123, 202,

339)

3.9 Possible conflicts

with and/or

disruption to local

community

Limited

For the laying of sewer

works, there will be

temporary disruption to

the local community in

terms of access to roads

(narrow roads), shops

and residences.

Conflicts/disruption to

local community was

inferred as limited based

on survey responses

which indicated the

community’s ability to

adapt to temporary

disruptions, and their

overall preference for the

project.

For the expansion of the

STP at Salori, the


people.

Refer to Figure 6.1


44

likelihood of

conflicts/disruptions to

the local community also

appears low, given the

isolated and enclosed

nature of the site. The

same is true for safety

concerns.

3.1

0

Health risks due to

unhygienic

conditions at workers

camps

Limited

Field visits and as per

JNNURM project no

worker camps were seen.

However there might be

small camps within

which, if hygienic

conditions are not

maintained, there may

be temporary impacts.

3.1

1

Safety hazards

during construction

Limited From field visits and as

per JNNURM project

practices for safety

precautions such as


areas, sign posts etc.

were observed.

If not appropriately


potential for temporary

hazards such as injuries

and damage to property

during the construction

phase.


residents of sewerage

district ‘C’ and

interaction with UP Jal

Nigam and other


Plate 3.6: Image shows

the good practice of


areas; this was followed

in the JNNURM phase

sewerage project in

Allahabad.




Allahabad Sewerage


Page no. 1, 84, 221

& Volume -V Page no.

123, 202, 339.


provision in the DPR for

Allahabad Sewerage

District ‘C’, Volume-II,

Section 9 of DPR for

STP: Safety and Health

Aspects, covered under

Page no. 1-10. And


45

Volume-II, Section 8 of

DPR for Sewerage

system: Safety and

Health Aspects, covered

under Page no. 1-11

4 Will the project create significant / limited / no environmental impacts during the

operational stage? (Significant / limited / no impacts)

4.1 Flooding of adjacent

areas

Limited Due to the

construction of sewer

lines, raw sewage that

currently flows into

the river and/or

overflows into the

streets will now be

routed to the STP.

This will prevent

flooding of adjacent

areas.

However, accidental

leakages during the

operational stage will

lead to flooding.

Additionally,

overloading and

blockage of sewage

lines will also lead to

backlogging of sewers

and flooding of

branch sewers.


Nigam and other


Refer to Plate 3.4

4.2 Impacts to water

quality due to effluent

discharge

No impacts

There will be a

significant

improvement in

water quality due to

effluent discharge

being treated.

Table 5.12: Sewage flow

quality values before and

after existing STP. section

5.1.8

4.3 Gas emissions No impacts Reduction of bad

smell ( Methane and

other bad anaerobic

reaction gases) from

open drains since the

proposed sewage

networks will be

underground.

4.4 Safety hazards Limited Safety hazard are

associated during

construction and

maintenance stage of


46

the sewage. However

these will be

temporary in nature.

5 Do projects of this nature /

type require prior

environmental clearance

either from the MOEF or

from a relevant state

Government department?

(MOEF/ relevant State

Government department/

No clearance at all)

Limited

permission

required

As per

Environmental

Impact Assessment

Notification, 2006, no

clearance is required.

However Consent to

Establish will be

required from State

Pollution Control

Board under Water

(Prevention and

Control of pollution)

Act 1974

Refer to Figure 5.9

Refer to Figure 5.7

6 Does the project involve

any prior clearance from

the MOEF or State Forest

department for either the

conversion of forest land

or for tree- cutting? (Yes/

No).If yes, which?

No As the project does

not cover any forested

area (protected nor

reserved forest area),

hence no prior

clearance is required

from relevant

authorities (MoEF

and State Forest

departments) under

the Forest

(Conservation) Act,

1980.

Refer to Figure 3.2

Refer to Figure 5.9

The figure 3.2 to 3.7 below provides view of project area and environmental setting.


47

Figure 3.2 Satellite image showing the alignment of trees along the sides of the roads

in District C

(Source Google Earth)

Figure 3.3 Satellite image demarcating the planned expansion area for the Salori STP

(Source Google Earth)


48

Plate 3.3 Image showing stagnated stormwater behind the Salori STP barricade,

limiting its flow outwards

Plate 3.4 Image showing flooded street due to water pipe burst in front of a shop in

Allahabad District


49

Plate 3.5 Image showing a typical sewage construction area with material

Plate 3.6 Image shows the good practice of fencing-off construction areas; this was followed

in the JNNURM phase project in Allahabad


50

Plate 3.7 Image showing a typical busy street near the Telarganj area, of sewerage district C

3.3 Conclusion of Screening Activity

In order to facilitate effective management and mitigation of the any impacts arising

from the proposed projects, the Environmental and Social Management Framework

of NRGBA (Section # 4 of ESMF report, NGRBA 2011)10 has grouped the pollution

abatement projects/ investments into the following two categories high and low

High: Mainly include the sub-projects which are likely to have adverse

impact on the environmental and social aspects of the project influence area

(including land acquisition). This category projects will also include

mandatory environmental clearance as per the EIA notification.

Low: Projects which are likely to cause minimal or no adverse environmental

impacts on human populations.

Based on the screening activity and the categorization of potential sub-projects of the

NGRBP, the present project of Sewerage work in Sewerage District ‘C’ in Allahabad

City falls under low impact category, which does not require any fresh land

acquisition. In view of the above, these projects would require preparation of an

Environmental and Social Assessment, as part of the DPR, and implementation of

Generic Safeguard Management Plan (SMP), relevant to the project.

Although there would not be any permanent negative or adverse environmental

impacts, but will have temporary impacts like traffic blockages, dust, noise, safety

hazards for pedestrians, possible damage to private property, possible interruption

in commercial activity, and accidental breakage of other public infrastructure such as

water pipes. These temporary impacts can be mitigated with appropriate mitigation

plans. However, the large environmental benefit of the project greatly outweighs the

temporary inconveniences.




51

Chapter 4 Regulations and Legal Framework

4.1 Applicable Laws and Regulations – Environmental

The following laws and regulations are applicable to the environmental and social

aspects of the investments implemented under the programme:

Policy and Regulatory Framework of Government of India (GoI)

Environmental Policy and Regulations of the respective State Governments

Legislations applicable to construction activities

4.1.1 Legal Framework of Government of India

The Government of India has laid out various policy guidelines, acts and regulations

pertaining to environment. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 is umbrella

legislation for the protection of environment. As per this Act, the responsibility to

administer the legislation has been jointly entrusted to the Ministry of Environment

and Forests (MoEF) and the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)/ State Pollution

Control Boards (SPCBs).

4.1.2 Key Environmental Laws and Regulations

The key environmental laws and regulations as relevant to the projects under the

NGRBP are given in Table 4.1. The key environmental regulations can also be

accessed at www.moef.nic.in/rules-and-regulations

Table 4.1 Environmental Regulations and Legislations

S.

No

Act / Rules Purpose Applicable

Yes/ No

Reason for

Applicability

Authority

1 Environment

Protection Act-

1986

To protect and

improve overall

environment

Yes As all environmental

notifications, rules

and schedules are

issued under this act.

MoEF, Gol,

DoE, State Gov.

CPCB, SPCB

2 Environmental

Impact

Assessment

Notification

14th Sep-2006

To provide

environmental

clearance to new

development

activities following

environmental

impact assessment

No

The project is only for

Sewage and STP

hence as per the

notification amended

till date it does not

attract requirement of

environmental

clearance

MoEF, EIAA

3 Municipal

Wastes(Managem

ent and Handling)

Rules, 2000

To manage the

collection,

transportation,

segregation,

treatment, and

disposal of

municipal solid

NO This notification is

applicable only for

Municipal Solid

waste Treatment

facility investments

MoEF, EIAA,

CPCB, SPCBs

http://www.moef.nic.in/rules-and-regulations


52

S.

No


Yes/ No

Reason for

Applicability

Authority

wastes

4 Coastal

Regulation

Zone(CRZ)

Notification 1991

(2002)

Protection of fragile

coastal belt

No If Project location is

located along coastal

belt

5 The Land

Acquisition Act

1894 (As

amended in 1985)

Set out rule for

acquisition. of land

by government

NO This act will be

applicable only if to

as there will be

acquisition of land

for investments . But

no land acquisition is

involved for the

project.

Revenue

Department

State

Government

6 The Forest

(Conservation)

Act. 1980

To check

deforestation by

restricting

conversion of

forested areas into

non- forested areas

No No forest land

diversion is required

in the project.

Forest

Department,

State

Government

and Ministry of

Environment

and Forests,

Government of

India

7 Wild Life

Protection Act

1972

To protect wildlife

through certain of

National Parks and

Sanctuaries

No This act is will be

applicable, if there

are any points of

wildlife crossing s in

proximity to project

locations

Chief

Conservator

Wildlife,

Wildlife Wing,

State Forest

Department

and Ministry of

Environment

and Forests,

Government of

India

8 Air (Prevention

and Control of

Pollution) Act,

1981

To control air

pollution by

controlling

emission of air

pollutants as per

the prescribed

standards.

Yes This act will be

applicable during

construction. stage

for operation of

equipment, DG sets

and hot mix plant.

This will be

applicable if DG set is

installed for STP.

SPCBs

9 Water Prevention

and Control of

Pollution)

Act1974

To control water

pollution by

controlling

discharge of


applicable during

construction and

operation stage for

SPCBs


53

S.

No


Yes/ No

Reason for

Applicability

Authority

pollutants as per

the prescribed

standards

STP

10 The Noise

Pollution

(Regulation and

Control) Rules,

2000

The standards for

noise for day and

night have been

promulgated by the

MoEF for various

land uses.


applicable for all

construction

equipment deployed

at worksite.

SPCBs

11 Ancient

Monuments and

Archaeological

Sites and Remains

Act1958

Conservation of

cultural and

historical remains

found in India

No This act will be

applicable, only if

any investment is in

proximity to any

Ancient Monument,

declared protected

under the act.

Archaeological

Department

Gol, Indian

Heritage

Society and

Indian National

Trust for Art

and Culture

Heritage

(INTACH).

12 Public Liability

and Insurance Act

1991

Protection form

hazardous

materials and

accidents.

No Contractor unlikely

to store hazardous

material more than

the threshold limits

defined the this Act.

SPCBs

13 Explosive Act

1984

Safe transportation,

storage and use of

explosive material

Yes For transporting and

storing diesel, Oil

and lubricants etc.

Chief

Controller of

Explosives

14 Minor Mineral

and concession

Rules

For opening new

quarry.

No Regulate use of

minor minerals like

stone, soil, river sand

etc.

District

Collector

15 Central Motor

Vehicle Act 1988

To check vehicular

air and noise

pollution.

Yes This rule will be

applicable to vehicles

deployed for

construction activities

and construction

Machinery.

Motor Vehicle

Department

16 National Forest

Policy, 1988

To maintain

ecological stability

through

preservation and

restoration of

biological diversity.

No This policy will be

applicable if any eco

sensitive feature

exists in and around

the investments

Forest

Department,

State

Government

and Ministry of

Environment

and Forests,

Government of

India

17 The Mining Act The mining act has No The construction Department of


54

S.

No


Yes/ No

Reason for

Applicability

Authority

been notified for

safe and sound

mining activity.

activities for

investments will

require aggregates.

These will be

procured through

mining from

approved quarries

mining, State

Government

4.2 Applicable Laws and Regulations - Social

All strategic interventions on human development, spread across all social issues,

need directives of policies and legal support to operationalize the appropriate

actions. These policies and legislations help to overcome the constraints and support

administrator, implementer, community and individual in delivery of justice. This

section includes the National policies and Acts as detailed under:

National Policies and Acts

i. National Tribal Policy, 2006

ii. National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy, 2007

iii. Land (Acquisition) Act 1894 (as amended)

iv. Forest Rights Act, 2006

4.2.1 National Policies and Acts

The National Tribal Policy (2006)

The Policy has the following objectives:

Regulatory Protection

• Providing an environment conducive to the preservation of traditional and

customary systems and regime of rights and concessions enjoyed by different

ST communities, and reconciliation of modes of socio-economic development

with these.

• Preventing alienation of land owned by STs and restoring possession of

wrongfully alienated lands.

• Protection and vesting of rights of STs on forestlands and other forest rights

including ownership over minor forest produce (MFP), minerals and water

bodies through appropriate legislations and conversion of all forest villages

into revenue villages.

• Providing a legislative frame for rehabilitation and resettlement in order to

minimize displacement, ensure that affected persons are partners in the

growth in the zone of influence, provide for compensation of social and


55

opportunity cost in addition to market value of the land and rights over

common property (NPV).

• Empowerment of tribal communities to promote self-governance and self-

rule as per the provisions and spirit of the Panchayats (Extension to the

Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996.

• Protection of political rights to ensure greater and active participation of

tribal peoples in political bodies at all levels.

4.2.2 National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy for Project

Affected Families – 2007

The national policy on resettlement and rehabilitation represents a significant

milestone in the development of a systematic approach to addressing resettlement.

The policy establishes a Guideline for extending additional assistance to project-

affected families, over and above the compensation for affected assets provided

under the Land Acquisition (LA) Act.

This policy strikes a balance between the need for land for developmental activities

and protecting the interests of land owners and others. The benefits under the new

policy are available to all Affected Persons (AP) and families whose land, property or

livelihood is adversely affected by land acquisition, involuntary displacement due to

natural calamities, etc.

4.2.3 Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (As Modified Until 1st

September, 1985)

The Act is applicable to the whole of India except the state of Jammu and Kashmir.

The policy provides a broad guideline of procedure of land acquisition. The Land

Acquisition (LA) Act of 1984 is commonly used for acquisition of land for any public

purpose. It is used at the State level with State amendments made to suit local

requirements. Expropriation of and compensation for land, houses and other

immovable assets are carried out under the Land Acquisition (Amendment) Act,

1984. The Act deals with compulsory acquisition of private land for public purpose.

The LA Act does not contain any provision specifically dealing with resettlement

including income restoration aspects.

Table 4.2 The Land Acquisition Process

Legal Provision

Actions

Section 4

Draft prepared by requiring body, verified by the Ministry of Law, printing and

proof reading. Publish in official gazette and two local newspapers; post notice

locality

No further land sales, transfers or subdivisions after notice

Appoint Land Acquisition Officer (LAO) to survey land

Notices under section 4(1) issued to individual owners and interested parties (one

month)

Declaration of Government certifies that land is required for a public purpose


56

4.2.4 Forest Rights Act 2006

The Act basically does two things:

• Grants legal recognition to the rights of traditional forest dwelling

communities, partially correcting the injustice caused by the forest laws.

• Makes a beginning towards giving communities and the public a voice in

forest and wildlife conservation

4.3 Other Legislations applicable to Construction

Projects under NGRBP

Construction stage generally involves equity, safety and public health issues. The

construction agencies therefore will be required to comply with laws of the land,

which include inter alia, the following:

1. Workmen's Compensation Act 1923 (the Act provides for compensation in

case of injury by accident arising out of and during the course of

employment);

2. Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 (gratuity is payable to an employee under the

Act on satisfaction of certain conditions on separation if an employee has

completed 5 years);

Public purpose Declaration is published

Collector / Deputy Commissioner receives order from Revenue Department,

State Government

Land appraisal begins (two weeks to a month)

Section 5(a)

Enquiry

Enquire objections to LA

Land owners and interested parties appear before LAO

Revenue commissioner calls for comments of acquiring agency if objections are

raised – (one to three months)

Section 6 State government issues notices

LAO serves individual notice on all interested parties of government’s intention

to take possession of land

Time and place set for claims to LAO

Public notice given

Collector or LAO investigate claims (12 months)

Section 9 LAO conducts on-site inquiry regarding area of LA and compensation payable

LAO determines compensation (12 months)

Section 11 and

12

Declaration of final award by Collector/Commissioner/State Government after

inquiry of total valuation

Notice of awards given to interested parties for payment of compensation

Government can take possession of land and hand over to implementing

agency (14 months)


57

3. Employees PF and Miscellaneous Provision Act 1952 (the Act provides for

monthly contributions by the employer plus workers);

4. Maternity Benefit Act, 1951 (the Act provides for leave and some other

benefits to women employees in case of confinement or miscarriage, etc.);

5. Contract Labor (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970 (the Act provides for

certain welfare measures to be provided by the contractor to contract labour);

6. Minimum Wages Act, 1948 (the employer is supposed to pay not less than the

Minimum Wages fixed by the Government as per provisions of the Act);

7. Payment of Wages Act, 1936 (it lays down as to by what date the wages are to

be paid, when it will be paid and what deductions can be made from the

wages of the workers);

8. Equal Remuneration Act, 1979 (the Act provides for payment of equal wages

for work of equal nature to Male and Female workers and not for making

discrimination against Female employees);

9. Payment of Bonus Act, 1965 (the Act provides for payments of annual bonus

subject to a minimum of 83.3% of wages and maximum of 20% of wages);

10. Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (the Act lays down the machinery and

procedure for resolution of industrial disputes, in what situations a strike or

lock-out becomes illegal and what are the requirements for laying off or

retrenching the employees or closing down the establishment);

11. Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act; 1946 (the Act provides for

laying down rules governing the conditions of employment);

12. Trade Unions Act, 1926 (the Act lays down the procedure for registration of

trade unions of workers and employers. The trade unions registered under

the Act have been given certain immunities from civil and criminal liabilities);

13. Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986 (the Act prohibits

employment of children below 14 years of age in certain occupations and

processes and provides for regulation of employment of children in all other

occupations and processes. Employment of child labour is prohibited in

Building and Construction Industry);

14. Inter-State Migrant Workmen‟s (Regulation of Employment and Conditions

of Service) Act, 1979 (the inter-state migrant workers, in an establishment to

which this Act becomes applicable, are required to be provided certain

facilities such as housing, medical aid, travelling expenses from home to the

establishment and back, etc.);

15. The Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment

and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 and the Cess Act of 1996 (all the

establishments who carry on any building or other construction work and

employs 10 or more workers are covered under this Act; the employer of the

establishment is required to provide safety measures at the building or

construction work and other welfare measures, such as canteens, first-aid


58

facilities, ambulance, housing accommodation for Workers near the

workplace, etc.);

16. The Factories Act, 1948 (the Act lays down the procedure for approval of

plans before setting up a factory, health and safety provisions, welfare

provisions, working hours and rendering information-regarding accidents or

dangerous occurrences to designated authorities);

17. Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989 (the Rules

govern handling, movement and disposal of hazardous waste);

18. Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules 1989,

amended 1994 and 2000 (the Rules provide indicative criteria for hazardous

chemicals and require occupiers to identify major accident hazards and

prepare on-site and off-site emergency plans).


59

Chapter 5 Baseline Status

The baseline environmental and social status is important to understand the region's

existing physical and biological characteristics along with cultural and social status

of the residing community. Information and data presented in this section is based

on field surveys, stake-holder interaction/consultation and secondary data collection

which majorly include the draft Detailed Project Report (DPR) of proposed sewerage

work in Allahabad city, City Development Plan (CDP) report by Nagar Nigam,

Water/ Air/ Noise quality monitoring report of UP Pollution Control Board, City

census data and others. The information on the baseline environmental conditions

forms the basis to analyse the probable impacts of the proposed project vis-à-vis the

present background environmental quality of the core study area.

5.1 Baseline Environmental

5.1.1 Physiography and Topography

Allahabad city as a whole occupies the inter-fluvial belt of Ganga River in the north

and the Yamuna in the south. The confluence (Sangam) of the two rivers lies in the

south east of the city. These rivers are perennial rivers, which carry huge volumes of

water during the rainy season. Sewerage district ‘C’ is located in the north eastern

part of the city, adjoining the river Ganga in the east side. The highest recorded flood

level of river Ganga is 88.00 meters (1978). Number of drains carrying sewage and

storm water from different areas forms the natural drainage of the sewerage district

‘C’.

Allahabad district is mainly characterized with Ganga, Yamuna alluvial plain and

Vindhyan Plateau. Geological Survey of India (2001) has identified the following

geomorphic features, out of which sewerage district ‘C’ falls under the older alluvial

plain.

• Active Flood Plain: It is quite localized and confined only to the river system.

• Older Alluvial Plain: It is characterized by depositional and erosional terraces

found in patches along the active plain.

• Rocky Surface (Denudational hills): These are prominent in trans-Yamuna

area formed mainly of quartzitic nature.

Allahabad district may be divided into three distinct Physical parts, the trans-Ganga

or the Gangapar Plain, the Doab and the trans-Yamuna or the Yamunapar tract which is

formed by the Ganga and its tributary, the Yamuna, the latter joining the former at

Allahabad, the confluence being known as Sangam. The master slope of trans-Ganga

is towards east or south east, with the altitude ranging from 89.30 - 93.57m above

MSL.


60

5.1.2 Climate

Climate of Allahabad district is continental. The climate of Allahabad is tropical with

moderate winter and severe extended summer. The nearest large body of water i.e.

the Bay of Bengal is more than 700 km eastward. Due to this, there is a large range of

variation in temperatures of day and night. Allahabad experiences both very dry hot

summers and very cold winters every year. Dust storms in summer and cold north

winds in winter are common. The average normal maximum temperature has been

observed as 41.8ºC during May and minimum of 8.9ºC during January. The highest

relative humidity in the morning is 85% during August and the lowest being 32% in

April. The district receives rainfall from the south-west monsoon from June to

September. The average rainfall being 962.68 mm takes place normally in 53 days.

The climate information of Temperature, Humidity and Rainfall at Allahabad is

given in Table 5.1 below.

Table 5.1 Climatological Normal of Temperature, Humidity and Rainfall at

Allahabad

Source: India Metrological Department data from 1901-2000 (except Humidity data which is

1951-1980)

5.1.3 Geological and Geophysical features

The sewerage district ‘C’ and whole city of Allahabad occupies the inter-fluvial

sediment of the Ganga River and Yamuna River. These sediments are essentially a

sequence of clays, sands, silts with inter-spread bands of Kankar having limited

extent. Broadly these fluvial sediments are grouped as younger and older alluvium.

The younger alluvium is generally confined to a depth of 60 m below the ground and

it occupies the present day flood plain area. The older alluvial sediments marginally

differ in lithology from that of younger alluvium sediments, with presence of sandy

clay and lenses of gravel/pebbles and Kankar. The older alluvium overlies the

Siwalik group of formations, which in turn overlies the pre-Cambrian formation. The

generalized stratigraphic sequence of the formations is given in Table 5.2. The age of

these formations range from Proterozoic to recent. Granite of Bundelkhand massit

Month Temperature (oC) Mean

rainfall in

mm

Humidity (%)

Maximum Minimum 0830 Hrs 1730 Hrs

January 23.5 8.9 17.9 78 53

February 26.7 11.4 17.3 66 40

March 33.3 16.6 9.6 46 25

April 39 22.3 5.5 32 18

May 41.8 26.7 8.7 36 36

June 39.8 28.4 88.8 55 41

July 34 26.5 280.8 80 71

August 32.5 25.9 296.1 85 77

September 33 24.9 184.9 80 71

October 32.9 20.2 36.6 69 55

November 29.2 13.5 9.3 65 49

December 24.6 9.3 6.9 75 56


61

group forms the basement in the area which is unconformably overlain by

Quaternary alluvium.

Table 5.2 Generalized Stratigraphic Sequence Time

Time Unit Formation Rock Unit Thickness (m)

Recent to 0.01 m year Newer Alluvium Sand & Clay 60-100

Holocene < 1m year Older Alluvium Sand, clay, pebble, gravel

and Kankar

100-200

------------------------------- Unconformity-------------------------------

Pleistocene &

Pleocene

Siwalik Conglomerate, sandstone

shale etc.

Above 350 m

------------------------------- Unconformity-------------------------------

Pre Cambrian Vindhyan Sand stone, Limestone Not known

------------------------------- Unconformity-------------------------------

Archean Bundelkhand

massit

Granite Basement

Source: CGWB, 2009 and Final Report on Water Quality Management Plan for Ganga River,

July 2005. Volume IV-3, Feasibility Study for Allahabad City, Part I, Sewerage Scheme

5.1.3.1 Soil

Soils in sewerage district ‘C’ usually comprises a layer of clay on the top surface,

with a thickness ranging between 10-15 m. Thick sandy horizon occurs beneath the

top clay layer having sufficiently large thickness. The soil in this area, i.e., Doab has

three distinct types. Sandy soil is found on the east side of the district ‘C’ along the

banks/ flood plain of the rivers, clay is found in the depressions and loam, a mixture

of sand and clay that is usually a rich and rather dark soil, the less fertile variety.

Chemical analysis study of the soil for Allahabad city carried out by JICA has been

presented in the Table 5.3 below:

Table 5.3 Quality of soil sample

S. No. Parameters Range of test results

1 Type Silty Clay

2 pH 7.9-8.0

3 Bulk density (g/cm) 1.2-1.28

4 Conductivity (µmhos/cm) 390.5-371.6

5 Water holding capacity (% by mass) 47.7-49.54

6 Organic matter (% by mass) 1.08-1.16

Source: Final Report on Water Quality Management Plan for Ganga River, July 2005. Volume

IV-3, Feasibility Study for Allahabad City, Part I, Sewerage Scheme

5.1.4 Ambient Air Quality

The ambient air quality presented in this section is monitored under NAMP (National Air Monitoring Programme-CPCB) and UP Pollution Control Board at two

locations: Bharat Yantra Nigam Limited office and Square crossing near Laxmi talkies in

Allahabad City. Out of these two monitoring stations, “Square Crossing near Laxmi


62

talkies” is the nearest station for describing the air quality status of sewerage district

‘C’ region. Although, Allahabad city does not fall under the identified list of polluted cities in India, but the available data from NAMP monitoring shows that the dust

levels, PM10 (RSPM and SPM) have exceeded the annual average standards of

60µg/m3 from 2007 to 2010. The sulphur-di oxide (SO2) concentration have gone down with reduced sulphur content in the fuels from 2007 to 2009 as shown in

Figure 5.1 and is well within the permissible standards of 20 µg/m3. The nitrogen-di-

oxide (NO2) concentrations, though not exceeding the standards of 30µg/m3, may exceed in future due to urbanization and rise in vehicular activities.

Table 5.4 Latest air quality data of two monitoring stations in Allahabad (March

2010 to April 2011)

Source: UP Pollution Control Board, 2011

Location Landuse Sulphur-

di-oxide in

µg/m3

Nitrogen-

di-oxide

in µg/m3

Respirable

Suspended

particulate

matter

(RSPM)

in µg/m3

Suspended

particulate

matter

(SPM)

in µg/m3

Square crossing circle

of Laxmi talkies

Mixed 5.7 23.6 237.7 469.4

Bharat Yantra Nigam

Ltd.

Residential 5.4 23.7 232.6 459.4

National Ambient Air

Quality Standards (

24 hourly)

Residential 80 80 100 --

National Ambient Air

Quality Standards (

annual average )

Residential 20 30 60 -


63

SO2

0

5

10

15

20

25

2007 2008 2009

Co

ncen

trait

on

(m

g/m

³)

Figure 5.1 SO2, NO2, and PM10 concentration (µg/m3) in Allahabad during 2008-2009

Source: NAMP, Central Pollution Control Board, Government of India

Annual avg std. 50 mg/m³

NO2

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2007 2008 2009

Co

ncen

trait

on

(m

g/m

³)

Annual avg. std.

40 mg/m³

PM10

0

50

100

150

200

250

2007 2008 2009

Co

ncen

trait

on

(m

g/m

³)

Annual avg. std. 60

mg/m³

(RSPM)


64

Seasonal Variation

Month-wise variations of NO2 and RSPM concentrations at the two monitoring stations

are presented in Figure 5.2. It is observed that air quality with respect to RSPM is poorer

at the “Square crossing near Laxmi talkies” station which is nearer to sewerage district

‘C’. However, both the stations violate the permissible standards of RSPM during all the

months. Lowest pollutant concentrations are observed in monsoon months and

maximum were observed during winters due to inversion conditions. The effects of

inhaling particulate matter that have been widely studied in humans and animals now

include asthma, lung cancer, cardiovascular issues, birth defects, and premature death.

Figure 5.2 Monthwise variation of NO2 and RSPM at two monitoring stations in

Allahabad


5.1.5 Noise Environment

Noise, in general, is sound that is composed of many frequency components of varying

loudness distributed over the audible frequency range. Increasing ambient noise levels

in public places from various sources, inter-alia, industrial activity, construction activity,

fire crackers, sound producing instruments, generator sets, loud speakers, public

address systems, music systems, vehicular horns and other mechanical devices may

have deleterious effects on human health and the psychological well-being of the people;

hence it is considered necessary to regulate and control any such noise pollution.

Limited noise level monitoring was carried out by JICA at three locations: Numaya

Dahi, Sulem Sarai and near DM office, is as shown in Table 5.5 below. Although, the

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death


65

monitoring stations do not come under sewerage district ‘C’, but provide a probable

idea of expected noise levels. The noise levels at Numaya Dahi village are well within

the permissible limits laid down by CPCB (for both day and night time), whereas the

noise levels at Sulem Sarai and near DM office are higher than the desirable level for

residential area but below the permissible level of commercial and industrial area,

respectively. Noise levels similar to Numaya Dahi can be expected in sewerage district

‘C’, which is mostly residential and has limited commercial and no industrial area.

Table 5.5 Summary of Noise Level Monitored Data Code Range of noise levels [Leq in dB (A)]

S.No. Location Levels in dB(A) Leq*

Day Night Average

1 Numaya Dahi 45.8 41.1 44.0

2 Sulem Sarai 56.3 48.4 53.4

3 Near Office DM 72.4 54.5 65.7

Note:

Permissible limit laid down by CPCB: Residential area (55 day time and 45 night time), Commercial area

(65 day time and 55 night time)and Industrial area (75 day time and 70 night time)

* dB(A) Leq denotes the time weighted average of the level of sound in decibels on scale A which is relatable

to human hearing.

Leq: It is an energy mean of the noise level over a specified time period

Source: The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules 2000, CPCB, and Final Report on

Water Quality Management Plan for Ganga River, July 2005. Volume IV-3, Feasibility Study for

Allahabad City, Part I, Sewerage Scheme

Seasonal Variation

The average day and night ambient noise levels monitored by UP Pollution Control

board for residential, commercial, industrial and sensitive locations during 2010-2011 in

Allahabad city are presented in Figure 5.3. Noise levels in all areas are largely within the

prescribed limits (Refer Figure 5.3) at most of the locations barring few readings.


66

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

28-M

ar-1

1

26-O

ct-1

0

19-A

ug-1

0

24-A

pr-1

0

23-M

ar-1

0

26th A

pril 20

11

18-N

ov-1

0

26-F

eb-1

1

22-Jan

-11

23-D

ec-1

0

25-S

ep-1

0

24-Jul-1

0

19-Jun

-10

28-M

ay-1

0

26th A

pril 20

11

28-M

ar-1

1

28-M

ay-1

0

18-N

ov-1

0

24-Jul-1

0

26-F

eb-1

1

22-Jan

-11

23-D

ec-1

0

25-S

ep-1

0

19-Jun

-10

24-A

pr-1

0

23-M

ar-1

0

26-O

ct-1

0

19-A

ug-1

0

Res Com Ind Sens

Night

Day

Figure 5.3 Noise levels in Allahabad City monitoring during 2010 and 2011


5.1.6 Water Environment

Domestic water requirement of district A is met from both surface and ground water

resources. Allahabad Jal Sansthan is the responsible agency for drawing surface water

from river Yamuna and installing tube wells for supply to residential/ commercial and

industrial sector. The raw water from River Yamuna is being tapped for water supply at

Karelibagh raw water pumping station which is pumped to Khusro Bagh water works

for treatment before it is supplied to the consumers. As of 2003, about 217mld of water

was supplied by Jal Sansthan department to entire Allahabad city. In addition to this,

there is sizable amount of unaccounted water supply from private/ institutional bore

wells. Considering the per capita water consumption of 150 litres, as provided in the

detailed project report (DPR) for sewer works in sewerage district ‘C’ by Ganga

Pollution Control Unit (GPCU), the total water consumption in sewerage district ‘C’ is

approximately 29.8 million litres as shown in Table 5.6 below. This consumption is

expected to increase with growing population and urbanization.

Table 5.6 Water consumption in sewerage district ‘C’

Location Population (as of

2010)

Per capita water

consumption per

day as per DPR

Total water

consumption in

million litres

Sewerage District ‘C’ of

Allahabad city

198473 150 29.8


67

5.1.6.1 Surface Water

An important surface water system of the city is the easterly flowing Yamuna river

which lies south of the main city. The Ganga is second important source of surface water

which flows easterly and Yamuna River merge with River Ganga close to celebrated

temple of Lord Hanuman in Sangam area of the city. River Ganga lies to the eastern side

of sewerage district ‘C’, which often experiences flooding near banks due to the

combined discharge of the two rivers especially during rainy season, which is evident

from the available data given in Table 5.7. The maximum discharge of river Ganga at

Sangam is about 16187-12265 m3/s mainly during the months of August and September

and the minimum discharge is 366 to 339 m3/s during April and May.


68

Table 5.7 Discharge of the Ganga at Allahabad (Sangam) (m3/s)

Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

1972 401.38 433.61 294.13 288.22 362.67 230.12 2609.37 6664.86 13253.85 2065.6 644.51 489.48

1973 389.03 347.81 283.07 225.23 221.7 478.79 13784 21527.1 28809.04 4651.25 1073.44 598.22

1974 507.35 384.54 325.14 267.79 307.61 260.77 9149.19 19693.1 3915.68 1100.98 691.88 488.52

1975 462.97 303.01 265.96 270.39 189.88 572.22 9742.86 18209.5 15767.68 4366.54 1303.98 724.01

1976 669.83 557.91 420.13 420.78 383.05 1117.08 3359.8 18221.7 161.42.34 1893.42 553.63 482.89

1977 335.1 327.9 270.71 394.99 373.86 332.77 9115.64 17417.4 14236.34 3051.76 1121.82 750.47

1978 707.07 623.33 740.88 707.16 556.8 1077.63 7994.05 29786.2 22399.45 3980.05 1346.27 964.36

1979 924.76 1123.35 217.99 678.51 582.7 474.02 4357.59 5701.17 1476.75 598.01 318.43 518.45

1980 380.91 288.71 224.58 151.84 123.71 406.3 6804.97 21670.9 11438.9 1441.81 684.11 443.14

1981 430.99 439.37 337.12 329.04 314.16 303.28 5841.3 11215 3259.22 2337.97 674.15 507.81

1982 476.17 741.79 645.68 689.06 624.22 626.4 1779.81 28824.3 16981.02 1398.27 763.93 616.34

1983 565.77 552.64 357.87 312.95 499.11 503.91 3738.99 12823 22159.27 7019.81 1522.83 767.78

1984 721.53 551.58 486.94 367.11 279.16 575.6 2261.22 10243.4 11080.78 1237.75 571.11 400.81

1985 433.23 323.99 238.99 262.01 237.49 257.07 1827.61 15588.6 10073.87 12078.5 2174.33 745.18

1986 588.76 736.23 554.26 372.11 309.6 382.35 11078.1 17832 4199.39 1539.24 740.38 519.89

1987 497.74 399.46 334.12 271.71 238.36 247.44 1116.56 3277.58 12471.41 1968.6 589.38 366.13

1988 327.21 279.35 261.2 216.16 173.64 165.69 5489.87 16483.9 4730.56 4060.86 9520.2 476.83

Source: Final Report on Water Quality Management Plan for Ganga River, July 2005. Volume IV-3, Feasibility Study for Allahabad City, Part I, Sewerage

Scheme


69

Surface Water Quality

Water quality status of river Ganga at two places in Allahabad is shown in Figure 5.4 and

Figure 5.5. As per the monitoring results, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) concentrations

has increased over the period of 2002 to 2008. TThe Dissolved Oxygen (DO) levels in the

river have been sufficiently high and consistent over the past few years (Figure 5.5). There is

a general increase in BOD concentrations as the Ganga passes sewerage district ‘C’, the most

prominent of which is the increase of 1mg/l that was observed in 2002. In recent years, there

had been an increasing trend of BOD concentrations in incoming water (Rasoolabad ghat)

and more evident trend observed in the outgoing water (Sangam). From the year 2004 to

2008 an increase in BOD of around 0.4 mg/l to 0.6 mg/l in outgoing water of river Ganga has

been witnessed. This increase can be attributed to the untreated sewage that has been

directly discharged mostly from sewerage district ‘C’ to the river Ganga.

Figure 5.4 BOD measured at various stretches of Ganga river for different years


70

Figure 5.5 DO measured at various stretches of Ganga river for different years

Source: Ganga water quality trend, 2009. Central Pollution Control Board, Government of India

Sangam, the confluence of the Ganga and Yamuna, is the venue of many sacred fairs and rituals, and attracts thousands of pilgrims throughout the year. This number swells to

millions during the world-famous Kumbh Mela creating high stress on public utilities. Table

5.8 shows the water quality of river Ganga and Yamuna at Allahabad (UP) during Maghmela (Ardh Kumbha) 2007. It is quite evident that during events like Khumb Mela, the

pollution levels are very high11.

Table 5.8 Water Quality of River Ganga and Yamuna at Allahabad (UP) during Maghmela (Ardh Kumbha) 2007

Location BOD (mg/l) DO (mg/l)

Yamuna at Naini Bridge (U/s Sangam) 1.7 8.6

Ganga at Shstri Bridge (U/s sangam) 5.7 10.4

Sangam 4.3 9.3

Yamuna at Karella Bagh 1.8 6.8

Ganga at Phaphamau u/s Sangam 6.4 8.3

Ganga at Diha Ghat d/s Allahabad 4.3 6.3

11 Srivastava, R. K., Sinha, A. K., Pande, D. P., Singh, K. P. and Chandra, H., 1996. Water quality of the River

Ganga at Phaphamau (Allahabad)- effect of mass bathing during Mahakumbh. Environmental Toxicology and

Water Quality, 11: 1–5.


71

Recent Data

As per the latest water quality monitoring conducted by UP Pollution Control Board (Table

5.9), the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) levels at all stations are often above the

permissible 3.0 mg/l for outdoor bathing waters and also above 2.0 mg/l limit for the

drinking water standard, as set by the Indian Standard code IS 10500. However, the water

quality parameter of dissolved oxygen (DO) seems within permissible limits. The minimum

DO levels for water as per the Indian standard code ranges from 4.0-6.0 mg/l for drinking

and bathing respectively.

Total coliform and fecal coliform were present at all stations, indicating possible

contamination from municipal waste water discharges from the city. The presence of fecal

coliform in the water also indicates a greater potential of the presence of pathogenic

microorganisms, which may cause waterborne diseases, leading to detrimental impacts on

the health of the community. During summer, the river flow reduces and at increased

temperature the bacterial activities increases to oxidize the organic matter discharged into it

from various domestic and industrial sources.

Table 5.9 Water Quality data of Ganga and Yamuna river at Allahabad monitored during

March 2010 to April 2011

Parameters

U/S

Rasoolabad

Ghat, Ganga

Rasoolabad

Ghat, Ganga

Main

Sangam

D/S Ganga

on Mawaiya

Ghat

Temp ( C ) 24.9 24.9 25.4 25.5

pH 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3

DO (mg/l) 7.9 7.7 7.5 7.4

BOD (mg/l) 4.1 4.5 4.2 4.5

COD (mg/l) 28.4 31.4 30.4 34.9

Turbidity (NTU) 94.3 104.5 85.6 90.7

Alkalinity CaCO3 (mg/l) 168.1 174.6 205.4 213.0

Hardness as CaCO3 (mg/l) 146.9 153.0 166.4 173.6

Calcium as CaCO3 (mg/l) 87.0 90.6 94.0 99.0

Magnesium as MgCO3

(mg/l)

59.9 62.4 72.4 74.6

Conductivity (umho/cm) 427.7 429.4 520.6 531.1

Total Coliform (PN/100 ml) 4678.6 7857.1 6571.4 9428.6

Fecal Coliform

(MPN/100ml)

2742.9 3492.9 3142.9 3785.7

Source: Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board, 2011


72

5.1.6.2 Ground Water

According to the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), the groundwater problems of

Allahabad are not very serious although, due to rapid urbanization and increasing

population levels, the dependence on groundwater has increased over the years. With

reference to the exploratory drilling data of CGWB and state tubewell department, it is

evident that there are three distinct granular zones at Allahabad city

• Shallow aquifers ranging from 20 to 50 mbgl12

• Middle aquifer ranging from 70 to 120 mbgl and

• Deeper aquifer lies below 150 down to depth 300 mbgl.

Although the extension of individual zones is variable over the district, the sewerage district

C’ comes under shallow aquifer zone, which is mainly along the Ganga belt. The ground

water generally occurs in unconfined state within the first shallow aquifer within 50 m from

the ground while in deeper aquifers it occurs in semi confined to confined conditions. The

ground water flow is towards the river Ganga in the north and river Yamuna in the south

i.e., both the rivers are effluent in nature. The gradient of the water table in the sewerage

district ‘C’ is towards river Ganga particularly in the northern part of Ganga river (within

the district) is 0.6 meter/km.

Ground Water Quality13

The ground water quality pre and post monsoon has shown small variation in quality as can

be seen tabulation below and can be used for drinking with small treatment.

Parameters Pre monsoon Post Monsoon

pH 7.2-8.1 7.1-7.8

Total Dissolved Solids ( TDS) in mg/l 281 - 1372 <1300

Hardness in mg/l 180-1128 154 to 1092

Conductivity in mmhos/cm 475-1875 Not Available

BOD in mg/l 0.1 - 0.3 Not Available

COD in mg/l 1.0 – 6.0 Not Available

Fluoride in mg/l 0.24 – 1.03 0.23 to 0.93

Phosphate in mg/l 0.38-0.61 0.24 to 0.55

Pesticide in mg/l Absent Absent

Iron in mg/l 6.25 Not Available

12 Meters below ground level

13 Source: Pollution Control Research Institute, BHEL, Hardwar


73

5.1.7 Storm Water Drainage

Storm water drainage system is not proper throughout Allahabad city. The city has been

divided into the six storm water planning zones (Morigate, Mumfordganj, Rajapur, Chachar

Nala, Gate No. 9 and Gate No. 13); each zone is identified by the pumping station or the

channel dealing with its discharge. As per the GIS maps provided by Allahabad Nagar

Nigam department, approximately 60-65 percent of area in sewerage district ‘C’ has storm

drainage system as shown in Figure 5.6. The regions in sewerage district ‘C’ which have

storm drains include: area near Govindpur police station, Shukla market, Chandpur salori,

and most part of Allahpur area. Rainwater flows through these drains to nearby nallas,

eventually falling into river Ganga. The human and animal waste accumulated on the

surface is flushed by runoff and carried to rivers by these drains thereby polluting river

waters. As these drains pass from residential areas, they create foul smell and unhygienic

conditions. Since there is no sewerage system in district ‘C’, the discharge from outlet of

STPs to storm drains were also practiced as shown in Plate 2.2 under section 2.2. Further the

problem of choking of storm drains due to polythene bags and solid waste causes water

logging during the off-season rains and flooding during monsoon.

Plate 5.1 Storm drainage system in residential area Salori area (left) and Flooding due to rainfall in

sewerage district ‘C’ (right)

Storm drains


74

Figure 5.6 Map showing the drainage system in sewerage district ‘C


75

5.1.8 Waste Water Management

As already explained in section 2.2 of this report, the sewerage system in the Allahabad city

is old and covers only 45% of the city area and most of this is within the central core of the

city. As of 2010, about 232 million liters of waste water is generated every day in Allahabad

city with an average per capita wastewater discharge of 152 liters. Jal Sansthan is responsible

for maintenance and collection of revenue from house connections for whole of Allahabad

city. Sewerage district ‘C’ is located in the north-eastern part of the city, with river Ganga on

its eastern side. As per the detailed project report, most of sewerage district ‘C’ area has no

sewer system and wastewater flows through the Salori, Allenganj and Buxiband nala.

Plate 5.2 Drain in Shukla Market

Wastewater generated from sewerage district ‘C’ is mostly residential with limited

commercial and no industrial wastes. Table 5.10 provides the wastewater characteristics of

Salori nala located in sewer district ‘C’ which indicates that the wastewater exceeds the

General standard for discharge on inland surface water in terms of BOD and TSS.

Table 5.10 Wastewater characteristics of Salori nala in sewerage district ‘C’

Parameter Salori Nala General standard for discharge on

inland surface water as per CPCB

BOD(mg/l) 72 30

COD (mg/l) 192 250

TSS (mg/l) 100 100

pH 7.4 5.5 to 9.0

Temperature (°C) 27 shall not exceed 5°C above the

receiving water temperature Source: Ganga Pollution Control Unit, Allahabad14

14 Draft Detailed Project Report of Sewerage Project in Sewerage District ‘C’ of Allahabad City, 2010. Ganga

Pollution Control Unit, Allahabad


76

As per 2010 population data, nearly 30.76 mld of wastewater is generated from sewer

district ‘C’ which generally flows in the open drains (Salori, Allenganj and Buxiband nala.).

Under GAP II, 29mld capacity Salori STP has been constructed in sewerage district ‘C’ for

tapping and treating the wastewater flowing in such drains. Table 5.11 provides information

about the wastewater treatment characteristics of STP at Salori, monitored by both the UP Jal

Nigam and the State Pollution Control Board. It can be seen from the table below, BOD

removal efficiencies in the STP is approximately 91 percent. Therefore, significant reduction

in pollution load occurs due to treatment of wastewater in the STP. It is further projected

that the total sewage generation in this sewerage district will increase to 43 mld by the year

2025, thus creating a treatment capacity gap of 14 mld as given in Table 2.2 in section 2.3.

Table 5.11 Wastewater Characteristics measured at Salori STP

Parameter Influent Effluent

Total Suspended Solids (mg/l) 350-500 30

BOD (5 day sat 20°C) (mg/l) 100-150 20

Fecal Coliforms (MPN/100ml) 107 < 1000

pH 5.5-9.0 5.5-9.0

Sulphides (mg/l (as S)) 2.0 2.0

Source: Ganga Pollution Control Unit, Allahabad

5.1.9 Solid Waste Management

As per Nagar Nigam, about 540.0 MT of solid waste is generated every day in Allahabad

city. It has been assumed that the local residents of towns generate solid waste at the rate of

about 400 grams per capita per day on an average. This average generation of solid waste

includes local inhabitants (comprising the wastes generated by the resident population,

shops and commercial establishments, vegetable and fruit markets, construction and

demolition and hospital wastes – non-infectious and non-hazardous) and the floating

population in the town.

The solid waste from sewerage district ‘C’ is mainly from residential areas and very little

comes from commercial areas. As per the data provided by Nagar Nigam, the total solid

waste generated from sewerage district ‘C’ is approximately 79.4 MT as shown in Table 5.12.

With growth in population, the per capita waste generation is also expected to increase

thereby increasing the solid waste.


77

Table 5.12 Solid waste generation in sewerage district ‘C’

Location Population (as of

2010)

Average solid waste

generation per capita

per day

Total solid waste

generated in MT

Sewerage District ‘C’ of

Allahabad city

198473 400 79.4

The solid waste management in sewerage district ‘C’ is handled by Allahabad Nagar Nigam,

which involves primary collection, storage at source of generation, segregation of recyclable

materials, transportation, and treatment & disposal. Recently a new solid waste

management plan for the entire Allahabad city has been prepared and is being implemented

under JnNURM scheme. Practically, the wastes are not being treated properly as the solid

waste is not being collected and transported to the current waste processing plant at Baswal.

Further, the waste generated is being transported to different sites for open dumping on

land. Representative pictures of observed open dumping of solid waste in sewerage district

‘C’ is shown in Plate 5.3. As a result of such practices, the entire area in and around the

disposal sites is unhygienic and poses a serious threat to the environment and to the public

health. Open dumping of wastes also causes choking of sewers which in turn leads to water

logging throughout the city.

Plate 5.3 Open waste dumping at Subzi Mandi area (left) and Shukla market area (right)

5.1.10 Biological Environment

5.1.10.1Green cover

Gardens/ Parks: There are no important or archeologically identified gardens/ parks in

sewerage district ‘C’. However the region has small residential parks as sited from the GIS

maps provided by Allahabad Nagar Nigam department, which will not be threatened by the

proposed sewer works, since the sewers are planned to be laid in the middle of the road and

will not pass through these areas. The location of these parks in sewerage district ‘C’ is be

represented in Figure 5.7. Some of the residential parks include Singh park, Durga puja

park-1, Durga puja park-2, Irrigation park, Ram park and Katju Colony park majorly falling


78

in Govindpur area of study region and the Ram Leela park and Shiv Nagar park exists in

Allahapur region.

Tree Cover: Trees can be seen along the road side in almost all parts of sewerage district ‘C’,

especially near the flood plain area, IERT institution, near Ishwar Sharan college area,

Govindpur and less in residential area like Subzi Mandi area, area near Annie Basant school,

Uptron Chauraha. Practically none of the trees will be disturbed nor damaged (tree cutting),

since they are located on the edges and sides of roads, away from the centre, along which

the sewers are planned to be laid as shown in Plate 5.4.

Figure 5.7 Map of parks in sewerage district ‘C’

Govindpur

area

Allahapur area


79

Plate 5.4 Road side trees in Govindpur area (left) and Telarganj area (right)

Agriculture: The agricultural practice in sewerage district ‘C’ of Allahabad city is limited to

the area situated near Salori STP as shown in Figure 5.8. This is generally a flood plain area,

which is utilised for agricultural practices during non-monsoon seasons and during

monsoon the area is completely flooded due to rise of water level in river Ganga. Crop

rotation and mixed cultivation practices are common features of locals in Allahabad district,

and locals in sewerage district ‘C’ generally grow seasonal vegetable. As shown in Figure

5.8, the agriculture area in district ‘C’ is located away from the proposed sewer work area

and will not be affected.

Figure 5.8 Satellite image showing agriculture practice area in sewerage district ‘C’ (Source:

Google Earth)

Salori STP

Agriculture

practice in Flood

plain area

River

Ganga


80

5.1.10.2 Flora

Allahabad district as a whole has around 19839 hectares of reserved forest area falling under

the jurisdiction of the state forest department. Until the beginning of the present century,

patches of 'dhak' were found in the trans-Ganga tract mostly between Phulpur and Sarai

Mamrez, along the bank of the Sasur Khaderi, but most of them were cleared for agricultural

purposes during the following decades. Patches of Baul could also be seen towards the right

bank of the Ganga. Forests now exist mainly in the trans-Yamuna tracts in Bara tehsil and

the southern tracts of tehsil Meja.

Presently there is no forest cover in and around the sewerage district ‘C’ of Allahabad city.

The project site is mostly residential area and does not have any protected or reserved forest

area. The site also does not fall under India’s notified ecological sensitive areas. This is

evident from Figure 5.9, which shows the closest eco-sensitive zones (points A, C and D) and

their average distance from Allahabad.

Figure 5.9 Mapping of eco-sensitive areas around Allahabad city

Source: Google Maps

5.1.10.3 Fauna

The number and species of wild animals are much greater in the trans-Yamuna tract than

elsewhere in the district. The Hyaena (Hyaena hyaena) and the Boar (sus secrofa), which do

much damage to the crops, are also found in the flood plain of the Ganga and the doab. The

Fox (Kulpus bengalensis), the Hare (Lepus rufica udatus), and the Sahi or Indian porcupine

(Hystrix leucura) are found throughout the district. Apart from these, the Gangetic Dolphins

were once found in abundance in the river Ganges. But over the years a steady increase in

pollution in the river has reduced the population of Dolphins. The River Dolphin was


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declared as the National Aquatic Animal of India and on January 19, 2010, the Ministry of

Environment & Forests (MoEF) included it in Schedule I for the Wildlife (Protection) Act,

1972.

As mentioned in section 5.10.2 above, there is no eco-sensitive zone in and around the

sewerage district ‘C’ and Allahabad city as a whole as shown in Figure 5.9. The proposed

project will have a positive impact on aquatic life, as it intends to tap all the waste water

discharge into the river and this will directly improve the river water quality.

5.2 Baseline Social Status

Allahabad city been growing continuously and there has also not been much variation in the

growth rates over the past few decades except for the decade 1961-71. In this particular

decade the growth rate of the city had fallen to 19.11%, the reasons for which are unknown.

Apart from that Allahabad has been growing at a pace faster than the state.

Figure 5.10 Allahabad urban population growth rate

Source: City Development Plan report

Allahabad district is a large, rural district with a very vulnerable population. According to

census of India 2011 data its Scheduled Caste population (21.58%), consists primarily of the

Chamar and Pasi castes.

In terms of literacy rate Allahabad district witnesses a relatively low literacy rate of 62.11%

in which, predictably, women fall far below the average at 46.38% while men with the

average rate of 75.81%. Women are also at a disadvantage in terms of sex ratio, though this

appears to be improving as the age 0-6 population shows an increase of females from 879 to

917 per 1,000 males.

Employment situation is not well off as the most people in the city are unemployed (~66%);

among those that are employed, 33% are marginal workers while the rest are main workers.

In terms of education, only 6% of the district’s population has no education at all, while a

little less than 35% has a Diploma-equivalent or above. This distribution leaves the vast

majority of the population somewhere in the middle with only a basic education; for


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example, the percentage of the population (43%) with Primary or less than Primary

education exceeds those with Diploma or above, making these former two groups the

largest segment of the population. This lack of education contributes to populations overall

vulnerability. Analysing housing structure in the district, roughly half of all houses are

permanent, while nearly all of the rest are semi-permanent; only a small percentage are

considered temporary.

Table 5.13 Percentage distribution of the household population by age and sex,

Allahabad

Source: Measurement Learning and Evaluation Study: City Report, Allahabad 2010

Allahabad has 185 slums spread all over the city. The total population living in slums is

318,000 which is about 30% of the entire city population. It is estimated that one-third of the

slum population can be categorized in the urban poor category.

Drinking water facilities, safe drinking water, and power supply are quite common;

electricity access if more common for domestic uses than agricultural ones, only 26.6% of

households of the district have access to toilet facility. Fitting with the educational

background of the area, primary schools are common while institutes of higher education

are very few. Medical facilities also appear to be in relatively short supply. Paved and mud

roads are nearly equal in prominence, and both appear fairly common. For more details

refer to Annexure (3).

Allahabad’s sewage system dates back to 1910 and covers 45% of the city. The city has two

STPs: Naini (60mld) and Salori (29mld; will be expanded by 14mld under proposed project).

Allahabad sewerage district C comprises of 12 wards. Most of the land use in District C has

been identified as residential, through the field survey. The existing population and the

projected population for the design period year are described in the table below;


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Table 5.14 Ward wise census population and projected population and observed land use

Ward

Ref.

No.

Wards Land use observation

in field

Population Projected Population (Source:

DPR)

2001 2010 2025 2040

2 Sadiabad Residential, middle to

low income groups,

very small roads

12365 16075 21639 26214

7 Ishwar Saran Commercial/residential

with some institutions,

not too congested

11728 15246 20524 24863

9 Sheqkuti Residential, some

green pockets,

congested in some

areas

13134 17074 22985 27844

14 Alenganj Mostly residential, not

too congested, present

of slums near railway

crossing before Subji

Mandi at Bandh Road

8388 10904 14679 17783

18 Engineering Institutional area, there

is an engineering

college & hostels, not

congested, large open

areas

13329 17328 23326 28257

25 Bhardwaj

Puram/Allahapur

Also known as

Allahpur. Residential,

congested, some

markets, High income

to middle income

groups

13690 17797 23958 29023

26 Govindpur Residential, middle

class, some parts not

very congested, very

few shops on road side

12611 16394 22069 26735

37 Bagambari Residential, middle

class, congested

13593 17671 23788 28817

44 Pura Parain Residential with a mix

of commercial

13280 17264 23240 28154

48 Chadpur Salori Residential, rural

village and middle

class

10739 13961 18793 22767

54 Salori Residential, rural

village and middle

class

10650 13845 18638 22578

56 Bakshi Khurd Residential, middle

class, congested

13619 17705 23833 28872

Sub Total (C ) 147126 191264 257472 311907

Source of population data: DPR


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Population density in Allahabad Ditrict C: As mentioned district C has 12 wards, and most

of these wards have population density less than 200 people per hectare. Not a single ward

falls in the category of highest density.

Table 5.15 Ward wise population density of Allahabad

The table shows that ten wards out of the twelve are falling in category with density of less

than 200 person per hectare. Only two wards i.e. Bhardwaj Puram and Bagambari are in the

category of denisty of 200-400 people per hectare.

Figure 5.11 Map indicating major land use and social survey locations for District C


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Location of STP: Salori STP is located in District C. It is surrounded by residential colonies

at varying distances at three sides and flood plain area on the fourth side, where the land is

used for agricultural use.

Figure 5.12 Location of STP and its relative distance from all the surroundings

Plate 5.5 Salori STP

Cultural Significance

Allahabad or City of God in Persian is also known famous by the name of Prayag and

Sangam. Haridwar, Allahabad, and Varanasi are the three holy towns which attract

thousands of pilgrims to its waters. Allahabad stands at the confluence of two of India’s


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holiest rivers, the Ganga and the Yamuna. Sangam, as the confluence is called, is the venue

of many sacred fairs and rituals, and attracts thousands of pilgrims throughout the year.

This number swells to millions during the world-famous Kumbh Mela. A third mythical

Saraswati river, believed to flow underground towards the Sangam, gives the confluence its

other name 'Triveni'. Thousands of Hindu pilgrims arrive at this town to take a dip in the

Ganges (Plate 5.6), which is believed to cleanse oneself of sins and help attain salvation.

During festival of Chatth, Ganga ghats attracts thousands of devotes and tourists.

Plate 5.5 Auspicious bathing at Allahabad Kumbhmela 2007 (left) and Aarti pooja delivery during

Kumbhmela

(Source: http://kumbhmela.co.in/mahakumbhmela2013.html)

5.2.1 Public Consultation

The approach and methodology followed for social baseline study as well as the social

survey has been discussed in the Section 2.6.

Group discussion and stakeholder consultations were performed during the field surveys to

assess the situation and get the feedback about the project from all the concerned

stakeholders. Household owners in all the 12 wards were consulted, additionally other

important set of locals interviewed or consulted were pedestrians, shop-owners, mobile

vendors, members of sensitive places like hospital staff, school teachers, etc. All these 12

wards have various academic institutions and most of them are residential in land use.

There were no tribal population in the surveyed areas and it is in agreement with the fact

stated by census of India also.

All these people are already witnessing the construction impacts happening during ongoing

execution of JNNURM project. General perception about the ongoing project of JNNURM

and upcoming project of NGRBA was good. All the local stakeholders accepted the project

with positive gesture and have just given few suggestions based on their experience with the

ongoing project, which could help in better execution of the project.

Households surveyed were from both rich and poor colonies and was a heterogeneous

group of male and females. Most of the household have access to drinking water facilities

and electricity and have toilets as well, but most of the toilets are not connected to sewer

networks. They have pit toilets as disposal system. But most of them responded that they are

not aware that whether their household will be connected to sewer network or not.

http://kumbhmela.co.in/mahakumbhmela2013.html


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Figure 5.13 Connection to sewers

One of the important questions that was asked to communities was on the consequence of

construction of this project on certain factors like traffic, health, noise, livelihood etc. showed

the following result;

Figure 5.14 Problems encountered during construction phase

The figure clearly shows that traffic nuisance is ranked the highest as a consequence and

almost 90% of the respondents cited it as a problem. After traffic congestion, pollution

mainly in the form of dust was the reply given by around 60% of the respondents. Around

30% of people surveyed, stated that damage to basic services like water pipe, electricity lines

happen during such construction activities and almost 20% of interviewed people told noise

caused during construction is a problem for them.


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Table 5.16 Ward wise details of the survey is enlisted below in the table

Consulta

tion no.

Place Date No. of

Participants

Nature of

participants

Key issues raised

1 Sadiabad

23/8/11 4 Residents Inconvenience

But want it to be

executed and also

should be executed in

time

2 Ishwar

Saran

23/8/11 10 Academic

Institution

members:

students,

teachers

Noise and dust during

construction,

inconvenience to daily

life

Positive overall impact

is expected

3 Sheqkuti

23/8/11 8 Residential Dust is too much and at

times debris is not

cleared on time

4 Alenganj

23/8/11 12 At Railway

line crossing:

Mobile

vendors,

mandi,

shopkeepers

Overall satisfied if this

project is executed and

would like it to get

completed in time

5 Engineering

ward

23/8/11 8 Academic

Institution

members/engi

neering

college:

students,

teachers

Noise and dust

pollution, access

problem at times, traffic

congestion

6 Bhardwaj

Puram/Alla

hapur

23/8/11 5 Residents :

females

Traffic congestion, dust,

casualties due to

construction, disruption

in supply of basic

facilities like water

7 Govindpur 24/8/11 8 Residents and

shop keepers

Traffic congestion, dust,

noise

8 Bagambari 24/8/11 5 Residents:

females

Inconvenience to daily

life routine, dust,

problems to pedestrian

9 Pura Parain 24/8/11 4 Shop owners Dust, traffic congestion,

in-convenient access to

shop

10 Chadpur

Salori

24/8/11 14 Residents,

mobile

vendors

Dust and inconvenience

in daily activities

11 Salori 24/8/11 12 Residents,

priest of a

Daily life gets disturbed,

no prior intimation is


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temple and

pedestrians

provided to residents

about upcoming

construction in the area

12 Bakshi

Khurd

24/8/11 7 Residents and

pedestrians,

students

Improve the water

quality of river, water

from which they use for

their household chores

and at times for bathing

also


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Chapter 6 Environmental and Social Impacts

Any development projects have associated environmental and social positive and negative

impacts. Planners and decision makers have realized the importance of understanding the consequences of any such projects on both environmental and social sectors, and have

started integrating measures in project design to avoid any adverse impacts. Based on the

major findings of field visits and secondary data analysis, the possible environmental and social impacts due to proposed sewerage subproject in district C are identified and

presented in following sections below.

6.1 Potential Environmental Impacts

The proposed project of sewer works in sewerage district ‘C’ would influence the

environment during all three following phases:

• During Design and Development phase

• During construction phase

• During operation phase

6.1.1 Design and Development Phase

Design with inadequate consideration to likely environmental impacts associated with

construction and operation stages may lead to significant environmental impacts due to the

projects. Anticipated impacts which either can be eliminated or minimize with design

consideration are identified at design stage and required measures are integrated in the

designs. The identified impacts requiring design stage considerations are stated below:

• Accidental leakages/burst in trunk sewerage line due to inadequate design ( non-

consideration of project population or sewage load) or lack of maintenance

provisions.

• Sewage Pumping Station locational specific : noise and odour nuisance, tree cutting,

• Alignment planning considering least shifting of utilities

• STP Operation Specific: Bad Smell, digested sludge disposal, discharge of untreated

or partially treated effluent

6.1.2 Impacts during construction phase

The proposed sub-project consists of four major activities which include:

• Construction of approximately 141km long sewerage network including all required

trunk/ branch/ lateral sewer.

• Construction of additional 14 mld capacity STP in the existing Salori STP premises

• Construction of 14.5 mld sewage pumping station


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The construction activities would generally include earthworks (excavation, filling,

shuttering, compacting), temporary diversion of existing sewer lines, civil construction

(sewer lines, STP, SPS, etc.) and E & M installation and commissioning. The impacts of these

construction stage activities on the various environmental parameters are examined below:

i) Environmental sensitive areas

Based on observations and findings from field visits, interaction with government officials

and consultation with local residents, an assessment of the environmentally and ecologically

sensitive areas was made (Refer to screening checklist Table 3.1). The nearest eco-sensitive areas such as the Panna National Park, Dudhwa National Park and Jim Corbett National

Park are at a minimum distance of about 150 km away from the proposed project site. Small

residential parks (Figure 5.7 in section 5.1.10.1) and road side trees (Plate 5.4 in section 5.1.10.1) are located in this area , which will not be affected by the proposed sewer works,

since the sewers are planned to be laid in the middle of the road and will not pass through

these areas. With regard to sensitive aquatic areas and water bodies, there are none. It was also observed that the major land use pattern of District C is residential, with limited

agricultural and no forest areas.

There are no major tourist areas falling under sewerage district ‘C’, except the banks of river Ganga which is mainly utilized by tourists/ pilgrims for conducting aarthi Pooja or homm-

havans and for having a holy bath especially during festival times. The four ASI

(Archeological Survey of India) monuments in Allahabad city which include Allahabad fort, Alfred park, Khusrau Bhag, and Cemetery at Kydganj are also not within the boundary of

sewerage district ‘C’ and hence will not be effected by the proposed sewer works. Even the

river banks will not be impacted by the sewer works as, the construction and operational works will take place inside the residential areas which are away from river banks.

ii) Air quality

Based on the field observation of ongoing JNNRUM projects and interaction/consultation with stake-holders, it is expected that the levels of dust (RSPM and SPM), carbon mono-

oxide (CO), hydrocarbons and NOx (NO &NO2) is likely to increase during the construction

phase mainly because of:

Excavation, backfilling, compaction activity and movement of vehicles on un-paved

roads (increases dust level)

Vehicle exhausts from construction machinery and from light and heavy vehicles for transportation of pipes and construction material like cement, etc (increases NO2).

Use of portable diesel generators and other fuel fired machinery, and (increases CO).

A high concentration of SPM could also be a leading cause for eye, ear, nose and throat infections and related discomfort. Laying of sewerage lines mainly falls in the residential

area, hence temporary impact on air quality in these areas is of greater concern.

iii) Noise levels

The proposed construction activities are expected to increase the noise levels mainly due to

plying of construction vehicles, pumping machines, use of portable generators, mechanical

machinery such as cranes, riveting machines, hammering etc. These activities will occur round the clock and the noise pollution thus created may affect human habitations, As per

the baseline environmental status, the noise levels in sewerage district ‘C, are expected to be

within permissible limits as the area is mostly residential and has limited commercial, and


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no industrial area. Facilities that are expected to feel the temporary impacts more than others

include schools/colleges (St. Peter’s Academy, Annie Besant School, IERT, MNNIT, Institutes of Ishwar Sharan, Kidzone School), hospitals (Narayani Asham Hospital, Royal Hospital,

Sachan Nursing Home) and cultural centres like Narayani Ashram. However, these impacts

are of temporary nature, lasting only during the construction period.

iv) Water resources

From field visits, interactions and consultations, it was found that there were no water

bodies in the project area. The natural drainage channels of the project area are likely to be affected in the following ways:

Direct discharge from construction activities – If the construction wastes and

construction related material are not properly handled/ managed, then certain impurities like suspended particles, pollutants like oil, grease, cement etc, may find

their way to the river Ganga via storm drains during rainfall. (refer to Figure 5.6 for

drainage network of District C). There may also be temporary blockage of drains due to unmanaged material and construction debris.

Flooding is likely during monsoon as drainage paths could be obstructed and

redirected by the debris (noted during field visits and as per the Section 5.1.9 of baseline environmental status); this concern was also voiced by residents. During

construction of sewerage works in District C, there may be flooding due to the

already blocked state of drains and nalas, due to poor solid waste management (refer to Plate 5.3). Areas that are expected to face temporary flooding issues include

Labour Chauraha Mandi in Allahapur area and other low lying areas such as Sabji

Mandi, Chhota Bhagara. Temporary flooding in the STP area may occur due to its low lying position and may also cause stagnation of water promoting breeding of

mosquitoes and create unsanitary condition.

The excavation activities will be carried out up to a depth of 15 m or so, and will not impact the groundwater levels of the region since a provision for dewatering and

lowering of water table has been made in the detailed project report.15

Excavation may lead to damage to underground water supply lines or other utilities.

As per the baseline environmental status, the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) levels,

Total coliform and faecal coliform in the rivers are often above the permissible limits indicating possible contamination from municipal waste water discharges from the city.

Therefore this new sewer project will be have a positive effect on the river Ganga and

Yamuna, as the untreated sewage would now be diverted to sewerage district C (Salori STP) and would not be let into the Ganga16. Improved water quality provides cleaner water

supply to the city of Allahabad, safer irrigation water for the farmers around and

downstream of the city, and an improved bathing experience for the religious pilgrims that visit the city.



16 Mr. Rohit, Asst. Project Engineer, State Pollution Control Board, Allahabad


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v) Management and Disposal of Excavated Material during construction

The proposed project will have lot of construction involved and as such if the management and disposal of excavated material is not properly done, it will impose a problem to local

people and residents. This would be a temporary impact but a mitigation measure for this

has been suggested. Top soil productivity will also be lost, if it is not preserved separately.

vi) Safety and traffic management: accidental damage due to erosion/sliding of vertical

sides of excavated trenches while placing pipes, Temporary flooding due to excavation

during monsoon or blockage of surface drains. Increased traffic inconvenience (emissions, congestions, longer travel times, blockage of access).

vii) Tree Cuttings: No very few tree felling may be involved. Compensatory Tree shall be

planted for each tree cut.

6.1.3 Impacts during operation phase

i) Water environment

Water resources in the project area would be the most positively benefited by the sanitation

project since additional sewage will now be routed to the expanded STP. Therefore proper

operation and maintenance mechanism must be followed for efficient working of the system. The probably environmental impacts related to water during operation stage may

include unpredictable events such as:

Temporary flooding of adjacent areas due to accidental leakages/bursts and also due to blockages and backlogging of lines.

Water pollution and possibility of mixing with water supply line due to leakages/

overflows from the sewer lines

Impairment of receiving water quality in surface/sub-surface source due to

inadequate /inefficient sewage treatment process.

ii) Noise and air quality

Improper handling and irregular maintenance of operating machines including pumps,

generators, air diffusers, etc may lead to increased noise pollution during operation activity.

There will also be minimisation of gas being emitted from the sewage drains, since during operation, most of the works will be laid underground.

iii) Sludge Disposal from the Pumping Station, STP and Sewer Cleaning Operations

It is possible that during the operation of pumping station, STP and sewers cleaning, sludge generated may not be properly handled. This could be a cause of concern from

environmental aspect.

6.2 Potential Social Impacts

The proposed project of sewer works in sewerage district ‘C’ would influence the social

sector in two distinct phases:

• During the construction phase which would be temporary and short term;

• During the operation phase which would have long term effects


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6.2.1 Social impacts during construction phase

i. Impact on human health

One of the potential impacts of the proposed sub-projects will be on the air quality due to

the dust generated during excavation and tunneling. The amount of dust generated will depend upon the level of digging and the prevailing weather conditions and can have an

adverse impact on the health of the persons residing or working near the project sites.

Increased dust was witnessed during the field visit during construction of JNNURM-related sewage projects. Since the district has more of residential land use, the number of people

who will be affected is more. Residential population includes more vulnerable groups such

as the elderly and children. Some of the residential colonies are Sadiabad, Govindpuri, Ishwar saran, Salori, Chadpur salori, Allen Ganj, Bakshi Khurd, Bagambari, etc.

ii. Traffic Congestion

Due to the excavation work which will take place on the main roads of the city, there will be a disturbance in the traffic movement. People may suffer some inconvenience during the

morning and evening peak hours. This issue is discussed in the DPR, and suggests de-

routing of the traffic as the mitigation measure. Residents of Allahapur reported traffic congestion happening during the construction. Streets of Labour Chauraha are very narrow

and congested and hence witnesses’ traffic jams during peak hours. Also many of the roads

in many pockets of the district are very narrow some ranging from 7 -12 ft. wide for example in areas like Sadiabad, Salori, Chadpur salori etc. Any excavation along the roads in these

areas will inhibit traffic movement. Since Allahapur is comparatively having higher

population density than other wards, there would be more traffic congestion in this ward. The ward houses around 18,000 residents.

Plate 6.1 Narrow road through Salori with open drains on both the sides


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Figure 6.1 Road network map of District C indicating majority of roads have width less than 5 units. Around 97.39% of the roads have width less than 5 units, where the chances of traffic

congestion could be high.

iii. Impact on livelihood

The excavation and tunneling work will lead to road blockage on temporary basis and as a

result the commercial establishments and vendors may have some trouble in operating their

business on daily basis. But there will be no loss of livelihood. Ambulatory vendors can very

well shift their place as and when required. So, overall no loss of livelihood has been

reported during the survey. Vendors in areas like Sabzi Mandi near Salori STP, parts of

Govindpuri, and area near Prayag railway crossing, Sabzi Mandi at Labour Chauraha are

particularly vulnerable to such obstructions. As per anecdotal evidence gathered in the field

visit, most shop-owners and mobile vendors are welcoming the sewage project

implementation as they see a direct benefit of improved living and working conditions.

They are aware of, and prepared to face temporary inconveniences caused by construction if

the project is implemented in a timely manner. However, the same interviewees felt that


96

they had little confidence in the ability of the agency to execute a project in an efficient

manner. They had grievances with the long duration of construction work.

iv. Impact on existing utility services

The road opening activities may damage the underground water pipelines or electricity

poles in the vicinity of the site for the proposed sub-projects. This will lead to water supply

interruptions, disruption in electricity supply and will involve expensive repair costs.

Flooding of areas has been witnessed in localities like Allahapur, some parts of Salori

Chadpur salori, and Bakshi Khurd. Officials of UP Jal Nigam stated that they receive some

complaints about water line breakage during the construction phase. With no other

alternative source readily available, people have to buy water from private tanks or buy

bottled water for drinking purpose till the time service is restored to normal. The DPR also

notes impacts on utility services as a potential issue.

v. Safety hazards

There are potential hazards for the workers as well as for the pedestrians. Additionally,

there have been reports, gathered during the field visit and interviewing that, of children

falling into holes left open by construction crews on JNNURM projects, and children were

seen playing around active construction sites. Resident of locality Allahabad stated that they

have witnessed such causality during construction. Safety equipment for workers is

provided as part of the DPR.

vi. Elevated Noise Levels

Increased noise pollution was noted during JNNRUM construction from construction

equipment. This will disturb residences, and especially schools and institutes in Ishwar

Saran area. For elderly and students, noise is disturbing and affects their comfort. This could

be a problem especially in sensitive areas like school and hospitals.

Plate 6.2 Vegetable vendors at Sabzi Mandi area


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vii. Failure to Restore Temporary Construction Sites

Excessive debris, trash or construction remnants (e.g. dirt piles) would create problems

related to drainage, unhygienic conditions and poor aesthetics; however, clean-up and

debris clearance is budgeted in the DPR so this should not be a concern.

viii. Affect to daily life

Resident of Allahapur, Bakshi Bund colonies complained that during construction in

JNNURM projects, they were not able to take out their vehicles from their house premises

and even there was no space outside for parking.

ix. Land Acquisition

Consultations with relevant officials including UP Jal Nigam officials, Revenue Department,

community, other sources17 and first-hand observations during the field visit no additional

land is required for the project, as land is available for construction of proposed 14 mld STP

and also sewage construction will not result in fresh land acquisition. Also there are no

squatters and encroachers present in and around the STP premises. Thus, given that there is

no land acquisition, there are no R&R issues related to land acquisition, including but not

limited to loss of property, resettlement, land regulations, etc. Also Figure 4.11 indicate that

the project construction will happen in public land, there will be no agricultural or forest

community land requirement for laying sewer lines. Sewer lines will pass through various

residential colonies of sewerage district C. Figure 4.12 clearly shows the well demarcated

boundary land of existing STP, which has barren area to accommodate new STP and

pumping station in the same premises. Moreover there would be no loss of community

assets during the construction as noticed during field survey and consultation with the local

people. Loss of access in temporary manner would be compensated by local mitigation

measures as discussed later in the report.

6.2.2 Social impacts during operation phase

Noise pollution: Improper handling and irregular maintenance of operating machines

including pumps, generators, air diffusers, etc may lead to increased noise pollution during

operation activity, which would affect the daily life of the surrounding neighbourhoods.

6.3 Conclusion

Based on the overall secondary data analysis and field investigation, the proposed project is

expected to benefit the Allahabad City, as the wastewater that currently flows untreated into

the Ganga river will be captured, treated and the remainder of the treated effluent will be

allowed to flow into the river. The likely beneficial impacts of the projects include

Improvement in sewerage collection and treatment within the cities/towns

Prevention of storm drains carrying sanitary sullage or dry weather flow




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Prevention of ground water and soil pollution due to infiltration of untreated liquid

waste

Prevention of discharge of untreated sewage into River Ganga

Improvement in water quality of River Ganga, a national resource

Improvement in environmental sanitation health and reduction in associated health

hazards within the cities/towns

Improvement in quality of life, human dignity and increased productivity

Reduced nuisance of open defecation due to low cost sanitation and reduced

malarial risks and other health hazards

Although there would not be any permanent negative or adverse environmental impacts,

but will have temporary impacts, that can be mitigated with appropriate mitigation plans.

However, the large environmental benefit of the project greatly outweighs the temporary

inconveniences.


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Chapter 7 Mitigation and Management Plan

7.1 Environmental Management Plan

Table 7.1 summarizes the generic environmental management plan for low category

investment that identifies the potential issues of various activities that are anticipated in the

design and development, construction, and operation phases of the proposed sewer work in

sewerage district ‘C’ and construction of Salori STP. The environmental management plan

ensures to suggest appropriate mitigation measure against the issues/ concerns identified

during the environmental and social assessment study.

In general, the Uttar Pradesh Jal Nigam (UPJN) (with assistance from Contractor and

Independent Engineer/Supervision Consultant) is the responsible entity for ensuring that the

mitigation measures as suggested in the ESMP. The roles and responsibilities of the involved

institutes are described below.

7.1.1 Implementation of EMP Specific activities by UPJN

The role of UPJN in the implementation of EMP involves the following activities:

EMP clearance from NMCG and World Bank and disclosure as required;

Integrating the EMP in the bid document of contractor as an addendum;

7.1.2 Specific activities by Contractor

The activities to be performed by the contractor to implement the EMP shall comprise the

following:

7.1.2.1 Implementation of EMP

The contractor shall be responsible to implement the EMP primarily in assistance with the

Project Management Consultant team. The Environmental Specialist from the Independent

Engineer/ Supervision Consultant shall monitor the compliance of the EMP and all the

design drawings of various civil structures shall be implemented after his approval.

The State, local Government will be responsible for Coordination, Monitoring and

evaluation of the Environment Management Plan. It should ensure all the safeguarding

plans are in line and acted upon. Contractor shall report the implementation of the

Environment Management Plan to the Environmental Expert and the Project management

consultant as well as to UP Jal Nigam through monthly reports. Further a quarterly report is

required to be prepared and required to be given to National Mission for Clean Ganga

(NMCG) for the progress made in implementing the Environment Management Plan.


100

Feedback from the local residents can also be taken from time to time to cross check the

contractor’s report. Project management consultants should make inspection visits at

construction site to check the implementation of Environment Management Plan as per the

contract. Broad Institutional arrangement for implementation of EMP is shown in figure 7.1

below:

Chief Engineer-Allahabad Zone

Scheme Implementation Team (including EMP and R&R implementation)

UPJN

Project Manager

(Contractor)

Environmental Officer

(Contractor)

Team Leader

(Supervision Consultant)

Environmental Expert

(Supervision Consultant)

State Pollution

Control Board

PM-1 PM-2 PM-3

GM-Ganga Pollution control unit

Figure 7.1: Organization Structure for Implementation of EMP


101

Table 7.1 Environment Management Plan for Salori 14 MLD STP

Activity Potential Negative

Impact/Concern

Duration of

impact

Mitigation Measures Responsible

agency

Sewerage and Sanitation Investments

A. Design and Development Phase

Sewage

Treatment

plant

Treated water

disposal into

nearby

stream

Pollution of received water

body ( river) or land due to

inefficient treatment or

non-operation of STP

Temporary The treated water quality shall comply

with the prescribed standards of the bid

document and other applicable conditions

of consent to establish issued by the state

pollution control board.

Selection of best available sewage

treatment technology with High BOD

removal efficiency.

Ensuring development and compliance to

standard operation and maintenance

practices.

Provision of effective screening at inlet of

STP for removal of grit, fine plastics and

other suspended solids

Provision of effective separation and

controlled disposal of digested sludge

Provision effective disinfection before

discharge of treated water for irrigation or

to river

DBO Operator

STP

Breakdown

Discharge of untreated

sewage leading river

pollution.

Temporary Provision of adequate holding capacity

adequate for storage of sewage to prevent

flow of untreated sewage to river.

DBO Operator


102

Flooding of

STP area

Rain water may flood the

STP area in absence of

adequate provision of

diverting rain water flow

towards STP from

periphery area.

Temporary Suitable drainage provision shall be made

to divert the rain water likely to be

accumulated from peripheral catchment

area of STP, to natural drainage stream or

area.

DBO Operator

Sludge

disposal

Disposal of sludge leading

to contamination of land

and water.

Permanent Efficient Sludge dewatering with minimum

land involvement shall be adopted.

Provision shall be made for intermittent

storage of digested sludge at STP site.

The digested sludge shall be utilised as

manure or disposed to suitable site as

approved by DBO engineer. If disposal is

made for land fill, the site shall be located

away from habitation, and water bodies

and shall be pre-approved by concerned

authorities like Municipal corporation,

Pollution Control Board or urban

development authority.

DBO Operator

Provision for

safety of

workers and

safe operation

of STPs

Accidents leading to injury

or death of workers

( Fall of workers from

Height, Fall into deep

water tanks, Short

Circuiting)

Accidental slip, trip and

fall in walk ways or work

areas

Fire

Exposure to toxic gas such

Permanent Ensure adequate provision of Handrails on

both sides of walkways close to deeper

tanks and STPs need to be ensured;

All electric switches ( including unit

specific on-off switches installed at

respective units ) and panels should have

adequate protection from rain water to

prevent short circuiting

Proper earthling with installation of earth

circuit breakers shall be made

Walk ways designs shall be made with

DBO Operator


103

as chlorine proper slope to avoid accumulation of rain

water. Material handling and storage shall

be so designed that walk way surface

remains free from wet or oil surface

situation to prevent slips, trip or fall

accidents.

Provision of interlock system to either stop

STP or divert untreated effluent to holding

tanks in case of short circuiting, or mall

functioning of STP

Prepare emergency preparedness plan

including identification of assembly area in

case of fire

Location of

STP

Noise/Odour/fly nuisance

hazards to neighbouring

areas.

Cutting of Trees

Permanent Ensure minimum noise generation at

pump station in STP;


Tree plantation of at least two row around

the periphery of STP site and landscaping

to prevent spread of bad odour with large

canopy/ broad leaves trees like Sesum,


Accumulated sludge and solid waste to be

cleared within 24 hours and spraying of

suitable herbicides on accumulated

sludge/solid waste to reduce odour.

DBO Operator

Sewage

Pumping

Station

Pumping of

sewage to

STP

Noise and odour nuisance

hazards to neighboring

areas.

Cutting of Trees

Permanent Ensure minimum noise generation at

pump station in SPS by use of less noise

generating equipment meeting prescribed

noise standards as applicable and enclosed

generators.


DBO Operator


104

Tree plantation of at least two row around

the periphery of SPS site and landscaping

to prevent spread of bad odour with large

canopy/ broad leaves trees like Sesum,



cleared at short intervals and spraying of



Provision for regular maintenance and

switching off equipment when not in use;

B. Construction phase

Sewage

treatment

plant and

Sewage

pumping

station

Excavation Loss of topsoil due to

excavation activities.

Temporary Excavation shall be planned in such a

manner that such that no damage occurs to

existing structures.

Top soil should be separately stockpiled

and utilized for green belt development or

landscaping after completion of work

DBO Operator

Construction waste Temporary All the associated construction waste

should be properly managed by storing

and disposing off at suitable refusal sites

approved by DBO engineer.

DBO Operator

Nuisance due to domestic

solid waste disposal

Temporary Provide two bins for recyclable and non-

recyclable wastes.

Ensure that recyclable and non-recyclable

waste are collected in segregated manner

in theses bins before disposal. Recyclable

material should be sold. Non-recyclable

material should be disposed to designated

land fill area of the city.

DBO Operator


105

Provide adequate sanitation facility for

workers at construction sites.

Dust Generation due to

construction activities

Temporary Excavated material transported by trucks

will be covered and/or wetted to prevent

dust nuisance.

Suppressing dust generation by spraying

water on stockpiles and unpaved

movement areas

Water sprinkling over excavated areas,

unpaved movement areas and stockpiles.

Transportation of loose construction

material through covered trucks.

Use dust curtains (polysheets/ sheets)

around the construction area for containing

dust spread.

Construction equipment must comply with

pollution norms and carry Pollution Under

Control certificate.

DBO Operator

Temporary flooding due to

uneven dumping of

construction waste

Temporary The construction waste material should be

stored on the higher areas of the site and or

areas where water may accumulate

creating flooding like situation

DBO Operator


uneven dumping of

construction waste

Temporary The construction waste material should be

stored on the higher areas of the site and or

areas where water may accumulate

creating flooding like situation

DBO Operator

Spillage of fuel and oil Temporary Care to be taken to store fuel and oil (if

required) at a place away from any

drainage channel/nalla preferably to be

stored in drums mounted on a concrete

paved platform with slop draining to small

spills collection pit.

DBO Operator


106

18 http://moef.gov.in/citizen/specinfo/noise.html

Noise and vibration

disturbances to residents and

businesses

Temporary Construction activities to be carried out in

day time with prior intimation to local

residents and shop keepers.

Use of low noise and vibrating equipment

(such as enclosed generators with mufflers,

instruments with built in vibration

dampening and improved exhaust), to

meet standards as prescribed by CPCB18.

Provision of protective equipment ( PPE)

like ear muffs and plugs for construction

workers. .

Provision of noise barriers as feasible in

inhabited areas, particularly near sensitive

zones like hospitals, schools etc.


DBO Operator

General:

safety

during

constructi

on

Safety and

Health Hazard

Safety hazards to labours and

public

Temporary Comply with the Occupational health and

Safety act of India

Ensure that the contact details of the police

or security company and ambulance

services nearby to the site.

Ensure that the handling of equipment and

materials is supervised and adequately

instructed.

Follow safe practices for working at height

or confined area or underground working

for safety of workers

Erect warning signs/ tapes and temporary

barriers and/or danger tape, marking flags,

lights and flagmen around the exposed

DBO Operator


107

construction works warn the public and

traffic flow of the inherent dangers.

Provide adequate PPE to workers such as

helmets, safety shoes, gloves, dust masks,

gumboots, etc. to workers

Provide handrails on both sides of

walkways close to deeper tanks and STPs

need to be ensured;

Smaller on and off switches at STP units to

be installed with protection from rain

water to minimize electrical short circuit;

Monthly reporting of all accidents and

immediate reporting to DBO engineer and

owner.

Constructio

n camps (if

adopted)

Sanitation Nuisance due to absence of

facility of sanitation and solid

waste management

Temporary Labour camp if provided, must have

adequate provision of shelter, water

supply, sanitation and solid waste

management

DBO Operator

C. Operation phase

Sewage

treatment

plant and

Sewage

pumping

station

Treatment and

Disposal of

Treated Water

and Sludge






Permanent Monitor the treated sewage quality and

ensure compliance with PCB standards for

effluent disposal into surface water bodies,

on land or for the agricultural use.

Follow standard operating procedures for

operation and maintenance.

Undertake periodic audit as per these

procedures.

Comply with all applicable condition of

DBO Operator


108

consent to operate

Quarterly monitoring of influent sewage,

treated sewage, upstream and downstream

point of treated sewage disposal point to

river

Problems arising due to bad

odour, insects, polluted air,

Temporary Maintain the green belt as per provision of

design to prevent spread of bad odour

with large canopy/ broad leaves trees like

Sesum, Neem, Bargad, Teak, Sal, etc.


cleared within 24 hours and spraying of



Quarterly monitoring of Ambient Air

Quality with respect to PM10, PM2.5, Sox

and NOx, CO and Odour at three locations

( at STP site, minimum 500 m away from

STP site in up-wind and down-wind

direction of STP area.

DBO Operator

Increase in Ambient Noise

Level and discomfort to

neighbouring people

Temporary Proper handling and regular maintenance

of operating machines including pumps,

generators, air diffusers, etc.

Quarterly Monitoring of Ambient Noise

level to check compliance to standards.

Quarterly monitoring of ambient noise

levels ( day and night) at same locations as

of ambient air monitoring

DBO Operator


109

Indiscriminate disposal of

sludge leading to

contamination of land and

soil.

Temporary Prepares sludge disposal plan as per desire

stage provisions and guidelines and adhere

to the same.

Ensure proper functioning of STP for

digestion of sludge and ensure adequate

functioning of dewatering units for

efficient functioning of system

DBO Operator






Temporary Ensure compliance with PCB standards for

effluent disposal into surface water bodies,

on land or for the agricultural use.

Follow standard operating procedures for

operation and maintenance.

Undertake periodic audit as per these

procedures.

Comply with all applicable condition of

consent to operate

DBO Operator

Sewage

Pumping

Station

Waste Handling Bad odour, Health hazard and

public nuisance

Temporary Provision for regular clearance of sludge

and solid waste to minimize odor nuisance

Ensure maintenance of Green belt as

planned

Periodic disposal of accumulated

sludge/solid waste to designated land fill

sites of the city.

DBO Operator

General

Safety

Workers

exposure to

hazardous

materials/

situations

Serious/health/ safety

hazards

Temporary Ensure availability of PPE for maintenance

workers.

Follow safety measures and Emergency

preparedness plan evolved at design stage

DBO Operator


110

Table 7.2 Environment Management Plan for Sewer Netwrok in Allahabad District C


Impact/Concern

Duration

of impact

Mitigation Measures Responsible

agency

Sewerage and Sanitation Investments


Sewerage

Network (

Trunk

Sewer

Line)

Accidental

leakages/ bursts

Due to accidental burst or

leakage of sewers, flooding

of the nearby areas

Backlogging due to

unexpected heavy flow

rates

Temporary Designing sewers with adequate capacity and flow

velocity

Provision for Regular inspection and maintenance of

the sewers

Preparation of safety and Emergency Preparedness

plan

DBO

Operator

Sewage

Pumping

Station

Location of

Sewage Pumping

Station and

Pumping of

sewage from

District C to STP

Noise and odour nuisance

hazards to neighboring

areas.

Cutting of Trees

Permanent

Ensure minimum noise generation at pump station in

SPS by use of less noise generating equipment

meeting prescribed noise standards as applicable and

enclosed generators.


Tree plantation of at least two row around the

periphery of SPS site and landscaping to prevent

spread of bad odour with large canopy/ broad leaves

trees like Sesum, Neem, Bargad, Teak, Sal, etc.

Accumulated sludge and solid waste to be cleared at

short intervals and spraying of suitable herbicides on

accumulated sludge/solid waste to reduce odour.

Provision for regular maintenance and switching off

equipment when not in use;

DBO

Operator


111

B. Construction phase

Sewerage

(laying of

sewers) and

Sewage

Pumping

station

Excavation,

cutting, back

filling,

compaction and

construction

operations

Damage to underground

utilities like water, gas line,

electricity and telephone

conduits, etc. due to

construction activities.

Temporary Identify existing underground other utility

structures, lines through available records and in

consultation with concerned authorities and plan

construction activities accordingly to minimize

damage to such utilities. These underground utilities

encountered in excavating trenches carefully shall be

supported, maintained and protected from damage

or interruption of service until backfill is complete

and settlement has taken place.

DBO

Operator

Accidents/ damages due to

erosion/ sliding of vertical

sides of excavated trenches

while places the pipes

Temporary Maintaining the excavation by Shoring trench sides

by placing sheeting, timber shores, trench jacks,

bracing, piles, or other materials

Exposed surface shall be resurfaced and stabilized.

Exposed surface will be resurfaced and stabilized by

making the sloping sides of trench to the angle of

repose at which the soil will remain safely at rest.

DBO

Operator

Generation of substantial

debris, top soil and muck

during construction

Temporary Top soil shall be preserved and may be used for

agricultural purpose or development of city parks.

Soil and debris may be managed for planned land

filling and landscaping;

Debris may be suitably stored to filling back the

excavated areas after placing the trunk sewer lines.

DBO

Operator

Dust Generation ( Air

Pollution) due to excavation,

cutting, back filling and

compaction operations

Temporary Water sprinkling over excavated areas, unpaved

movement areas and stockpiles.

Transportation of loose construction material

through covered trucks.

Use dust curtains (polysheets/ sheets) around the

construction area for containing dust spread at SPS

building construction site.

Construction equipment must comply with pollution

DBO

Operator


112

norms and carry Pollution Under Control certificate.

Noise and vibration

disturbances to residents and

businesses

Temporary Construction activities to be carried out in day time

with prior intimation to local residents and shop

keepers.

Construction work near schools and colleges to be

carried out during vacations and work near hospitals

to be completed on priority basis (in shorter time

period with alternate provision of traffic, accessibility

of exit/entry gates etc.).

Use of low noise and vibrating equipment meeting

prescribed noise standards.

Provision of protective equipment (PPE) like ear

muffs and plugs for construction workers. .

Provision of noise barriers in inhabited areas,

particularly near sensitive zones like hospitals,

schools etc.


DBO

Operator


excavation during monsoons

or blockage of surface drains

Temporary Stockpiled areas to be bordered by berms;

Stockpiles to be done in high areas to avoid flow in

storm water run-off channels and erosion;

DBO

Operator

Increased traffic

inconvenience (emissions,

congestions, longer travel

times, blockage of access)

Temporary Alternate traffic routing must be adopted in

consultation with concerned traffic police authorities.

Proper traffic planning be made for narrow lane

areas.

Work should to be completed on priority near

business and market place to minimize business loss.

Care should be taken to minimize congestion and

negative impacts at schools and hospitals. Safe access

shall be maintained to these places during

construction.

DBO

Operator


113

Provide temporary crossing/ bridges as may be

required to facilitate normal life and business

Settlement of backfilled area

after construction

Temporary The backfilling material shall be free from petroleum

products, slag, cinders, ash or other material.

Backfilling activity shall be completed within five

days of laying of sewer.

Proper compaction as per the soil condition and

retain the original level of alignment and grade.

DBO

Operator

Spillage of fuel and oil Temporary Care to be taken to store fuel and oil (if required) at a

place away from any drainage channel/nalla preferably

to be stored in drums mounted on a concrete paved

platform with slop draining to small spills collection

pit.

DBO

Operator

Nuisance due to solid waste

disposal

Temporary Provide two bins for recyclable and non-recyclable

wastes.

Ensure that recyclable and non-recyclable waste are

collected in segregated manner in theses bins before

disposal. Recyclable material should be sold. Non-

recyclable material should be disposed for

designated land fill area of the city.

Provide adequate sanitation facility for workers at

construction sites.

DBO

Operator


114

General:

safety

during

constructi

on

Accidents Safety hazards to labours and

public

Temporary Comply with the Occupational health and Safety act

of India

Ensure that the contact details of the police or

security company and ambulance services nearby to

the site.

Ensure that the handling of equipment and materials

is supervised and adequately instructed.

Erect warning signs/ tapes and temporary barriers

and/or danger tape, marking flags, lights and

flagmen around the exposed construction works

warn the public and traffic flow of the inherent

dangers.

Provide adequate safety precautions such as helmets,

safety shoes, gloves, dust masks, gumboots, etc. to

workers

Monthly reporting of all accidents and immediate

reporting to DBO engineer and owner.

DBO

Operator

C. Operation phase

Sewer line Leakage/

overflows

Water pollution and

possibility of mixing with

water supply line

Temporary Regular monitoring of sewer line and manholes for

visible leakages/ overflows.

Immediate repair shall be carried out to plug the

leakages. Restore the sewer and other utility services

if damaged due to leakages.

DBO

Operator

Sewage

Pumping

Station

Waste Handling Bad odour, Health hazard

and

public nuisance

Temporary Provision for regular clearance of sludge and solid

waste to minimize odor nuisance

Ensure maintenance of Green belt as planned

Periodic disposal of accumulated sludge/solid waste

to disposal site as approved by DBO engineer.

DBO

Operator

Sewage

Cleaning

Equipment

Extracted Sewage

Sludge handling

and cleaning

Bad odour, Health hazard

and

public nuisance and possible

Temporary Ensure that extracted sewage sludge collected during

sewers cleaning are disposed to disposal site as

approved by DBO engineer.

DBO

Operator


115

equipment

maintenance

waste handling

land contaminations Sewage solids shall not be disposed on road sides or

non-designated areas.

Equipment cleaning waste shall be disposed to public

sewer or STP inlet for treatment

Waste oil if any generated shall be separately

collected. It shall be sold to authorized waste oil

recyclers.

General

Safety

Workers

exposure to

toxic gases in

sewers and

hazardous

materials

during

sewer

maintenance

work

Serious/health/ safety

hazards

The toxic gases are likely

to contract communicable

diseases from exposure to

pathogens present in the

sewage.

Temporary During cleaning/ maintenance operation, the sewer

line will be adequately vented to ensure that no toxic

or hazardous gases are present in the line.

Ensure availability of PPE for maintenance workers.

Follow safety and Emergency Preparedness plan

prepared at design stage

Monthly reporting of all accidents and immediate

reporting to DBO engineer and owner.

DBO Operator


116

7.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan

The Environmental Monitoring Programme has been detailed out in Table 7-3. Successful

implementation of the Environmental Monitoring Program is contingent on the following:

The Project Management Consultant (PMC) along with UPJN to request the Contractor

to commence all the initial tests for monitoring (i.e. for Air, Water Quality and Noise

Levels) early in the Contract to establish 'base' readings (i.e. to assess the existing

conditions prior to effects from the Construction activities being felt);

The PMC along with UPJN to request the Concessionaire / Contractor to submit for

approval a proposed schedule of subsequent periodic tests to be carried out;

Monitoring by the PMC's Environmental Officer of all the environmental monitoring

tests, and subsequent analysis of results;

Where indicated by testing results, and any other relevant on-site conditions, PMC to

instruct the Concessionaire / Contractor to:

o Modify the testing schedule (dates, frequency);

o Modify (add to or delete) testing locations;

o Verify testing results with additional testing as/if required;

o Require recalibration of equipment, etc., as necessary; and,

o Request the Concessionaire to stop, modify or defer specific construction

equipment, processes, etc., as necessary, that are deemed to have contributed

significantly to monitoring readings in excess of permissible environmental "safe"

levels.


117

Table 7.3 Environmental Monitoring Plan

Env.

Component Stage Institutional Responsibilities

Parameter Standards/Met

hods

Locations Frequency Implementation Supervision

Air

Qu

alit

y

Co

nst

ruct

ion

PM10 μg /m3, PM2.5 μg/m3,

SO2, NOX, CO

CPCB

Sewer Construction

Sites

Once in every season

(except monsoon

Contractor through

approved monitoring

agency/Lab

PMC, UPJN and

SPMG

Op

erat

ion

PM10 μg /m3, PM2.5 μg/m3,

SO2, NOX, CO

Sewer Construction

Sites

Once in a year except

monsoon for first 5

years.

Contractor through

approved monitoring

agency/Lab

PMC, UPJN and

SPMG

Met

eoro

log

y

Co

nst

ruct

ion

Rainfall, humidity, Wind

Speed, Wind direction,

Temperature

USEPA's

Meteorologica

l Monitoring

Guidance for

Regulatory

Modeling

Applications

One location within

Allahabad A

district

Once in every season Contractor through

approved monitoring

agency/Lab

PMC, UPJN and

SPMG

Op

erat

ion

Rainfall, humidity, Wind

Speed, Wind direction,

Temperature

USEPA's

Meteorologica

l Monitoring

Guidance for

Regulatory

Modeling

Applications

One location within

Allahabad A

district

Once in a year Contractor through

approved monitoring

agency/Lab

PMC, UPJN and

SPMG


118

Env.


No

ise

Lev

els

Co

nst

ruct

ion

Leq dB (A) (Day and Night)

Average and Peak values

Ambient

Noise

Standard

CPCB

Sewer Construction

Sites

Once in every season

(except monsoon)

Contractor through

approved monitoring

agency/Lab

PMC, UPJN and

SPMG

Op

erat

ion

Leq dB (A) (Day and Night)

Average and Peak values

Sewer Construction

Sites

Once in a year except

monsoon for first 5

years.

Contractor through

approved monitoring

agency/Lab

PMC, UPJN and

SPMG

So

il

Co

nst

ruct

ion

Physical Parameter: Texture,

Grain Size, Gravel, Sand, Silt,

Clay; Chemical Parameter: pH,

Conductivity, Calcium,

Magnesium, Sodium,

Nitrogen, Absorption Ratio

Consider the

following

methods:

IS-2720

(Various part);

Soil Chemical

Analysis by

M.L.

JACKSON.

Soil Test

Method by

Ministry of

agriculture

Sewer Construction

Sites and SPS

Once in every season Contractor through

approved monitoring

agency/Lab

PMC, UPJN and

SPMG


119

Env.


Op

erat

ion

Physical : Texture, Grain Size,

Gravel, Sand, Silt, Clay;

Chemical Parameter: pH,

Conductivity, Calcium,

Magnesium, Sodium,

Nitrogen, Absorption Ratio

Consider the

following

methods:

IS-2720

(Various part);

Soil Chemical

Analysis by

M.L.

JACKSON.

Soil Test

Method by

Ministry of

agriculture

Along sewer

construction sites,

SPS

Twice in a year (Pre-

monsoon and Post

monsoon) for first 5

years,

Contractor through

approved monitoring

agency/Lab

PMC, UPJN and

SPMG


120

7.3 EMP Budget

The environmental budget for the various environmental management measures proposed

in the ESMP is detailed in Table 7-4 and the cost of the Environmental Monitoring is given

in Table 7-5. There are several other environmental issues that have been addressed as part

of good engineering practices, the costs for which have been accounted for in the

Engineering Cost. The rates adopted for the budget has been worked out on the basis of

market rates and the Schedule of rates. Various environmental aspects covered/will be

covered under engineering costs are listed below:

Proper drainage arrangements to prevent water stagnation/ flooding in SPS and STP

site area

Appropriate siting, and enclosing within building to reduce noise and odour

nuisance to surrounding area Drainage along the ghats to collect the discharge from

the residents and connecting to city sewer

Alternate traffic re-routing,

Ensuring storage of excavated soil material on the higher lying areas

Solid Waste Management

Table 7.4 gives a brief idea about the probable cost implications of the environmental

management plans. These costs are to be considered as estimated on a lump-sum basis, since

the detailed cost estimates depend on site condition and construction/operation practices.

Table 7.4 Cost Details of Environmental Management Plan

Phase Component of

EMP

Mitigation

measure

Cost included

in the DPR

(Yes/no/not

clear)

Cost in Rupees

(or Details if

provided in DPR)

Remarks

Design

and

Develop

ment

Design of

efficient STP

Selection

of

appropriate

technology

Yes (not

specific but

included as a

part of

associated

construction

activity)

DPR for STP at

Salori in Sewerage

District ‘C’

Allahabad,

Volume-III, Page

no. A- XI-19 to 4

SBR technology has been

chosen in the proposed DPR

Sludge disposal

design in STP

Appropriat

e

technology/

sludge

manageme

nt

Yes (not

specific but

included as a

part of

associated

construction

activity)

DPR for STP at

Salori in Sewerage

District ‘C’

Allahabad,

Volume-III, Page

no. A- XI-19 to 4

The proposed DPR includes

these activities


121

Phase Component of

EMP

Mitigation

measure

Cost included

in the DPR

(Yes/no/not

clear)

Cost in Rupees

(or Details if

provided in DPR)

Remarks

Provision for

accidental

leakages /

bursts in

STP/SPS

Proper

drainage

arrangemen

ts to

prevent

water

stagnation/

flooding in

STP/SPS

site area

Yes (not

specific but

included as a

part of

associated

construction

activity)

DPR for STP at

Salori in Sewerage

District ‘C’

Allahabad,

Volume-III, Page

no. A- XI-19 to 4


these activities

Location of

STP

Provision

of trees as

noise

barriers

and to

reduce

odour

nuisance if

any

Yes (provision

of plantation

and

development

of STP

campus)

DPR of STP at

Salori in Sewerage

District ‘C’

Volume I, Section

6, Page no.3.

The proposed STP is placed

away from main residential

area and its enclosed nature

prevents odour and noise

pollution.

Tree plantation: Suggested

to grow trees with large

canopy and which are

suitable to grow in the study

area. Trees like Neem, Sal,

Arjun, Jamun, Nahera,

Pongamia, Harar, Drek,

Bahera, Ailanthus are

suitable for the present

project area.

Location of

SPS

Appropriat

e siting,

and

enclosing

within

building to

reduce

noise and

odour

nuisance to

surroundin

g area

Yes DPR for STP at

Salori in Sewerage

District ‘C’

Allahabad,

Volume-III, Option

1:Page no. A- XI-

1to 4 and Option 2:

Page no. A-XI-9

to13

The proposed SPS will be

indoor which will prevent

noise and enclosed nature

and appropriate cleaning and

maintenance will prevent

odour nuisance

Construct

ion

Excavation,

Cutting and

filling

operations

Review of

existing

infrastructu

re, shoring

trenches,

reinstateme

nt/

resurfacing

Yes DPR for Sewerage

system in Sewerage

District ‘C’

Allahabad,

Volume-IV Page

no. 1, 84, 221 &

Volume -V Page

no. 123, 202, 339


these activities

Damage public

utilities

Proper

reviewing

of existing

drawing s


system in Sewerage

District ‘C’

Allahabad,


these activities


122

Phase Component of

EMP

Mitigation

measure

Cost included

in the DPR

(Yes/no/not

clear)

Cost in Rupees

(or Details if

provided in DPR)

Remarks

of utilities,

informing

concern

authorities

and

reinstateme

nt of public

utilities

Volume.-IV, page

no. 1, 84, 221 &

Volume-V, Page

no. 123, 202, 339

Dust generation Water

sprinkling

on

excavated

material to

suppress

dust and

provision

of top

cover when

transported

through

vehicles

No Water tanker:

Rs. 951750

Top cover for

dumper truck: Rs.

22500

Water sprinkling:

As per time schedule 24

months – 141km.

Per day, as estimated 200 m

will be covered

2000 L water will be

consumed every for 200m

using sprinkler, average 2

times a day.

Labour cost = Rs. 150/day

Rs 300/tanker + Rs. 150

/labourer = Rs. 450

Per meter cost =

Rs.450/200m = Rs. 2.25

Total cost for 141km =

Rs.2.75 x 141,000 =

Rs. 3,17,250

As discussed with SPMG

keeping a 2-day margin for

construction and re-

instatement per site:

= 4 x 317250= Rs.634500/-

Top cover:

Approximately 30 Sqm of

top cover may be required

for each vehicle. Assume

that 10 such vehicles are

required in transporting

excess soil to dumping

location (considering

construction schedule and

max excavated earth

disposal). Therefore:

10 trucks x required top

cover 30 Sqm x Cost of

Tripol cover @Rs. 75/ Sqm

= Rs. 22500

Noise and

vibrations

Usage of

sound

No. Setting up

barricades:

As per the schedule, the

construction of 141km has to


123

Phase Component of

EMP

Mitigation

measure

Cost included

in the DPR

(Yes/no/not

clear)

Cost in Rupees

(or Details if

provided in DPR)

Remarks

barriers or

sheets. Rs. 42900

Setting up noise

barriers (installing

GI sheets):

Rs. 3,36,400

be executed in 24 months

which implies that

approximately 5 days are

required for completing 1km

or 200 m/day.

Setting up barricade

frame:

1 wooden rod (bamboo or

babool) length = 10ft = 3m

Total rods (vertical) required

= 250/3 = 83.3 ~ 90.

Total rods (horizontal)

required (2 layers) = 250/3 x

2 = 83.3 x 2 ~ 90 x 2 = 180.

Total one side = 180 + 90 =

270 rods

Total opposite side

Total = 180+ 90 = 270

Rate for 1 wooden rod =

Rs.75 per rod.

Total cost for frame = R.300

* 540 rods = Rs. 40,500

Labour Cost: 2 labourers per day = 2 x

150 = Rs.300

Total = Rs.300 x 8days for

barricading= Rs. 2400

Using Galvanized Iron

(GI) sheets as noise

barriers in sensitive zones:

Based on discussions with

SPMG, noise barriers will be

setup only in sensitive

regions hence, only 2kms

(estimated) of noise barrier

would be required.

2km@250m/day would

require 8 days.

Approximately 250 m of

barricade is set up on each

side of construction site

= 250m x 2 = 500m per site.

Each GI sheet has

dimensions of


124

Phase Component of

EMP

Mitigation

measure

Cost included

in the DPR

(Yes/no/not

clear)

Cost in Rupees

(or Details if

provided in DPR)

Remarks

10ft x 4ft = 3m x 1.2m.

Laying each sheet

horizontally, 2 sheets would

cover a height of 1.2m +

1.2m = 2.4m and a length of

3m.

Number of GI sheets

required for 250m stretch

(left side) = 250/3 x 2 = 167

sheets

Number of GI sheets

required for 250m stretch

(right side) = 250/3 x 2 =

167 sheets

Total = 334 sheets

Hence 334 sheets x Cost of

GI sheet Rs.1000 per sheet

(Rs.70-100 per Kg) + labour

cost for 8 days (two

labourers at avg. rate of

Rs.150 per day).

= 334 x 1000 + (150x2x8) =

Rs. 3,36,400

*The costs provided above

are for a 250m stretch and

provided for barricades and

GI sheets (noise barriers)

separately. Erecting

Barricades or Noise barriers

should be done based on the

site specific requirements.

*It is also assumed that

excavation, construction and

backfilling activity will take

place simultaneously at each

stretch.

Temporary

flooding or ,

water logging

Alternate

traffic re-

routing,

Ensuring

storage of

excavated

soil

material on


system in Sewerage

District ‘C’

Allahabad,

Volume-IV, page

no. 1, 84, 221 &

Volume-V, Page

no. 123, 202, 339


these activities


125

Phase Component of

EMP

Mitigation

measure

Cost included

in the DPR

(Yes/no/not

clear)

Cost in Rupees

(or Details if

provided in DPR)

Remarks

the higher

lying areas

Increased

traffic

inconvenience

Traffic re-

routing


system in Sewerage

District ‘C’

Allahabad,

Volume-IV, Page

no. 1, 84, 221 &

Volume-V, Page

no. 123, 202, 339


these activities

Safety hazards

to workers and

residents

Putting

fences or

other

barricades

to

demarcate

the area


system in Sewerage

District ‘C’

Allahabad,

Volume-I,Table

6.24

& Volume-IV,

Page no. 1, 84, 221

&

Volume-V, Page

no. 123, 202, 339

and there is a

provision in the

DPR for Allahabad

Sewerage District

‘C’, Volume-II,

Section 8: Safety

and Health

Aspects, covered

under Page no. 1

to11.


these activities

Labour

camps (if

adopted)

Health hazards

and nuisance

due to absence

of facility for

sanitation or

solid waste

management

Sanitation No Cost of

construction of pit

and toilet building

approximately Rs.

10,40,000

Cleaning of all pits

1,20,000

Total number of labourers is

estimated assuming 35% of

total project working for

average 20 months (24

months for sewerage and 16

months for STP). The labour

camps can be divided into 2

camps, for appropriate

management and

maintenance work. Each

camp will have around 1500

labourers

A toilet with septic tank is

been suggested for sanitation

facility at labour camps.

Pit: Assuming single pit

of 45cum would cover


126

Phase Component of

EMP

Mitigation

measure

Cost included

in the DPR

(Yes/no/not

clear)

Cost in Rupees

(or Details if

provided in DPR)

Remarks

600 people. 3 pits are

needed in 1 camp.

Construction of one pit

would cost

approximately Rs.

1,20,000/-. So for 2

camps 3 pits each is

required. So total cost of

pit construction would

be Rs. 7,20,000

Construction of toilet

building consisting of 15

toilets cost Rs 80,000. 4

such buildings will cost

3,20,000

Pit cleaning: The filled

pit has to be cleaned

after 9 months by either

disposing off at refusal

site or STP by concerned

Municipal agency.

Cleaning of one pit

would be approximately

Rs10,000/-. So, for 6 pits

in the given project

duration twice cleaning

would be needed, So

total cost would be Rs.

1,20,000

Water

Supply

No Approximately Rs.

8,57,500

As estimated 1500 labourers

will be at one camp, so

approximately 300 families.

Around 20 standposts will

be needed at one camp. One

standpost cost is Rs 6250/-

So total cost of construction

will be Rs. 250000.

For the standard of 135

LPCD, 405000 L of water is

needed for both the camps.

At the rate of Rs 2.5KL, the

cost of water provisioning

would be Rs 1012.5 per day.

For 20 months, cost will be

Rs. 6,07,500

Dust bins No Approximately Rs.

4,00,000

Solid waste generation:

Generally about 200 grams

of solid waste is generated

per 5 persons every day.

Hence 4 cluster dustbin (one


127

Phase Component of

EMP

Mitigation

measure

Cost included

in the DPR

(Yes/no/not

clear)

Cost in Rupees

(or Details if

provided in DPR)

Remarks

for biodegradable waste and

one for non-biodegradable

waste of 1 cum size at the

rate of Rs. 2000/-) may

handle solid waste

generated.

Treatment and

disposal of

sludge

Ensure

proper

functioning

of STP for

digestion

of sludge

Aesthetic

appearance

by green

cover

Yes DPR for STP at

Salori in Sewerage

District ‘C’

Allahabad,

Volume-III, Page

no. A- XI-19 to 4,

Provision of

plantation and

campus

development in

Volume-I, Section

6, Page no.3.


these activities.

The estimated cost of the environmental management plans amounts to Rs.37,71,050/-


128

Table 7.5 Cost of Environmental Monitoring Plan

Allahabad-C SEWERAGE SCHEME and Salori STP , UP

Item Locatio

n

Season Year Total

no. of

sampl

es

Unit Cost Total Cost

Environment Monitoring during Construction Stage

Air quality

Monitoring

6 3 3 54

7,000.00

378000

Metrological data 1 4 3 12

5,000.00

60,000.00

Noise / vibration 6 3 3 54

2,000.00

108000

Soil analysis 6 2 3 36

5,500.00

198,000.00

Water Quality

Assessment at STP

and 2 SPS site

4 4 3 48 6,500.00 312,000.00

Travel and

Transportation of

monitoring Team

Lumpsum 240,000.00

Sub total 1,296,000.00

Environment Monitoring Cost (Operation Stage)

Water Quality

Analysis

4 2 5 40 6500 260,000.00

Air quality

Monitoring

6 1 5 30

7,000.00

210,000.00

Metrological data 1 1 5 5

5,000.00

25,000.00

Noise / vibration 6 1 5 30

2,000.00

60,000.00

Soil analysis 4 2 5 40

5,500.00

220,000.00

Sub-Total 775,000.00

Travel and

Transportation of

monitoring Team

Lumpsu

m

300,000.00

Total of Environmental Monitoring (During Operation Phase) 1075000.00

TOTAL for Environmental Monitoring (Construction and Operation Phase) 23,71,000

Total Cost of EMP and Environmental Monitoring

(Total of Table 7.4 and Table 7.5)

6142050

(Say 62 Lakhs)


129

7.4 Social Management Plan

7.4.1 Social mitigation plans during construction phase

Based on the identified social issues, doable mitigation plans are proposed. Some of these

measures are already listed in the DPRs, and some of them are additionally recommended

for social development of the project and the concerned stakeholders.

i. Impact on human health

Mitigation Measure: Acoustic enclosures or hoardings can be constructed at the proposed sites

Mitigation plan involves the erection of temporary enclosures around construction sites.

These barriers will help entrap some of the dust that is brought up in digging. They will

also provide safety benefits, to be detailed below. According to the interaction/consultation

with the key stakeholders, it was said that contractors are doing water sprinkling in the

construction area.

ii. Traffic Congestion

Mitigation Measure: Re-route traffic whenever possible and employing traffic police to manage the

traffic movement.

Traffic must be re-routed to facilitate ease of movement. Proper signage should provide

detailed information on the dates and duration of road closures and which detours will be

available, ideally well in advance of actual construction so residents can plan accordingly.

Strategic placement of traffic police at critical intersections will also facilitate better flow of

traffic. Plans and budget for these measures are already included in the DPR.

iii. Impact on livelihood

Sewer constructions will invariable lead to road closures, which will adversely affect shops

on those streets. The first priority is for the contractor to take the necessary measures to

ensure that pedestrians always have access to shops, vendors, etc. For mobile vendors, this

may include adjusting the location of the cart, etc. to a similar location in the immediate

vicinity of the original location for the duration of the project. Projects should also proceed

on schedule so as to minimize disruption. Additionally, clean-up of debris and clearance of

blockages should commence immediately after project completion so as to remove any

potential obstacles that might prevent customers from accessing businesses or other

disruptions.

In the event that the contractor, despite best efforts, is unable to avoid blockages of the roads

and/or disruption of local businesses, some compensation is necessary. The ESMF currently

mandates compensation only in the case of permanent livelihood loss or displacement and

provides no provisions for livelihood loss of mobile vendors. Additionally, no regulation,

policy, guideline, etc. exists which can provide precedent or guidance in this instance. ESMF

clearly states that mobile/ambulatory hawkers: fruit cart vendors, etc. who can easily


130

relocate fall into this category. These vendors are most eligible for a temporary relocation

just outside the construction area, and will thus not be eligible for compensation as is the

case for this proposed project.

However if during the construction of the project any party faces livelihood loss due to the

proposed project, then that party should be compensated according to the entitlement

matrix given in the ESMF report.

iv. Impact on existing utility services

Mitigation Measure:

Circulating the layout plans of the existing underground alignment near the work

site.

Contacting the relevant department in case there is any damage to any of the utility

services and ensuring prompt fixing/replacing of damaged infrastructure

Temporary shifting of power/water lines for construction purposes is already budgeted for

in the DPR. Nevertheless, all construction personnel must receive detailed layout plans of

existing underground structures to prevent accidental water/electricity supply disruptions.

The relevant departments should also be made aware of the timing and location of digging

near supply lines so they can make the necessary preparations to respond swiftly to

disruptions

v. Safety hazards

Mitigation Measure: Fencing of the excavation site and providing proper caution sign boards.

As mentioned above, fencing should be erected around construction sites and appropriately

marked with caution signage. These fences/signs should remain in place even if

construction is not active, so long as a hazard (e.g. open pit) remains. Currently, no

provision for fences are explicitly mentioned in the DPR, and, in field visits to JNNURM

sites, some had fences while others did not.

vi. Elevated Noise Levels

According to UP Jal Nigam officials, construction will take place after school hours or at

other times of school closing to avoid interfering with functioning of the schools. Beyond

that, construction must simply proceed in a deliberate and judicious manner to avoid

unnecessary noise pollution.

vii. Failure to Restore Temporary Construction Sites

As mentioned above, provisions to rehabilitate roads and clear debris are already included

in the DPR.


131

viii. Public Notice

According to the suggestion given by locals during the interview. Government and

contractor should give a prior notice to each and every locality with the details of project,

street wise start date of construction and street wise end date of construction, contact person

during emergency. This information would help them better adjust to the situation and

make necessary adjustments and provisions.

ix. Health Programme for Workers

If un-sanitary conditions prevail at workers camp, health programmes for their well-being

should be implemented.

7.4.2 Social mitigation plans during operation phase

Noise pollution due to improper handling of machines: proper O&M should be carried out

during the operation phase to ensure least disturbance is caused to the neighbouring

residents.

7.4.3 Mitigation measures adopted by locals during similar nature of

project activities

From the field surveys and interviewing the locals including shop-owners, residents, mobile

vendors, following local adaptive measures have been recorded;

Using transparent plastic sheets to block entry of dust into shops

Avoiding opening of windows, especially when the construction is going on

Taking different routes if possible to avoid areas where construction is happening

Laying wooden plank over the excavated pits for making access route to house or

shops

Mobile vendors stated that they place their carts at some other place and vacate

construction area for the time when construction is on

Many public institutes like hospitals, schools and colleges reported that they have

more than one gate which makes the access easier during construction period.

Mr. Devanand Shukla since 2001 has taken up upon himself the task of trying to prevent the

big drains from polluting the Ganga in Salori area. He has two main tasks viz, to minimize

pollution and prevent erosion of the bank. With the help of his brother Mr. Shobhanan

Shukla and a few hired laborers, he placed thousands of sand filled gunny bags along the

banks of the river to prevent erosion. To improve the quality of water discharged by the

Salori drain he had adopted an ingenious method comprising of equating the flow of

sewage by damming the drain with a few of the sand bags. He then screens the sewage

using boulders that have been placed in a criss-cross manner to prevent the flow of solid and

semi-solid waste. This water is then diverted to open land where the water is further passed

through more boulders and using the constructed wetland method the sewage is further

treated leaving the final discharge cleaner.


132

The above measures indicate that the general public has already created adaptation

measures to sewage construction projects.

Public Grievances

Locals also reported few instances where they lodged complaints about un-cleared debris, or

damage of public utility generally to UP Jal Nigam officials. They usually do not lodge

complaints due to the prior experience of the lack of response from government officials.

Additionally, the interviewees said that they understood the inconveniences were of a

temporary measure and are providing a social good. Thus, they have created local

adaptation measures as quick and efficient ways to mitigate the temporary inconveniences.

However the proposed project has grievance redress mechanism which will be adopted as

mentioned in the Environment and Social Management Framework.

Table 7.6 Social Management Plan


Impact/Concern Mitigation Measures Cost Issues

I. Sewerage and Sanitation Projects


Land Acquisition

for new pumping

station

NA SPS is planned on land

already owned by the

government and confirmed

by the Revenue department

and in fenced off location,

where in only this new

pumping station would

come up

NA

Location of STP* Nuisance hazards to

neighboring areas.

STP is planned next to

current STP, in same isolated

area. Future growth of the

surrounding areas shall be

considered.

Map in Figure 6.3 shows that

there is considerable

distance of residential

settlements from the existing

STP location, thus limiting

any of such nuisance.

NA

B. Construction Phase


133



Laying of sewer

network *

Safety hazards to

workers and

residents

Provide workers with

adequate safety equipment

such as helmets, safety

shoes, gloves, etc.

Fences/temporary enclosures

should be put around

construction sites (even

inactive ones, if hazards, like

open pits, remain);

enclosures should be

properly marked with

caution signs

Safety gear already

provided by

contractor

Putting fences or

other barricades to

demarcate the area,

is already being

done

DPR for Sewerage

system in Sewerage

District ‘C’

Allahabad, Volume-

I, Table 6.24

& Volume-IV, Page

no. 1, 84, 221

& Volume-V, Page

no. 123, 202, 339

Dust generation,

with resulting

implications for

human health

Water sprinkling, removal of

excess materials, cleaning of

sites upon completion of

activities.

Construction of temporary

enclosures to entrap dust.

Water sprinkling

Reduced pedestrian

and vehicle access

to residences and

businesses, with

inverse effects on

livelihoods

Work should proceed on

schedule so as to minimize

road closures

Upon project completion,

quick clearance of debris,

etc. will facilitate access by

customers to local business

and residents to their

households

NA

Debris clearance

budgeted for in

DPR

DPR for Sewerage

system in Sewerage

District ‘C’

Allahabad, Volume-

I, Table 6.24

& Volume-IV, Page

no. 1, 84, 221

& Volume-V, Page

no. 123, 202, 339


134



Temporary water ,

electricity, supply

interruptions

Circulation of layout plan

for all underground

infrastructure to ensure that

contractor is aware of

water/electricity lines in

construction zones

Local utilities should be

made aware of

timing/location of all

construction, enabling them

to respond swiftly to supply

disruption, especially in the

event of flooding, etc.

Provision for

temporary shifting

of water/power

lines, etc. already in

DPR

DPR for Sewerage

system in Sewerage

District ‘C’

Allahabad,

Volume.-IV, page

no. 1, 84, 221 &

Volume-V, Page no.

123, 202, 339

Increased traffic

inconvenience

(emissions,

congestions, longer

travel times)

Use of alternate traffic

routes; signage should

clearly indicate dates of road

closures and new routes so

residents can plan

accordingly

Placement of traffic officers

at busy intersections to

facilitate easy of movement

Provisions for

traffic diversion,

with signage

already in DPR

DPR for Sewerage

system in Sewerage

District ‘C’

Allahabad, Volume-

IV, Page no. 1, 84,

221& Volume-V,

Page no. 123, 202,

339

Impact to daily life Prior public notice indicating

the date of start of

construction and end date of

construction should be

provided road-wise to the

locals, allowing them to

make adjustments

accordingly

Construction of

new STP *

Safety hazards to

workers

Provide workers with

adequate safety equipment

such as helmets, safety

shoes, gloves, etc.

Additionally, there

is a provision in the

DPR for Allahabad

Sewerage District

‘C’, Volume-II,

Section 9: Safety


135



and Health Aspects,

covered under Page

no. 1 to10.

Dust generation,

with resulting

implications for

human health

Water sprinkling, removal of

excess materials, cleaning of

sites upon completion of

activities.

Construction of temporary

enclosures to entrap dust.

Water sprinkling

Fences already in

place around

current STP

C. Operation Phase

None identified

Note: *** denotes – Significant Impact; ** Denotes-Moderate Impacts and *- Minor Impact.

7.4.4 Consultation Framework for Participatory Planning and

Implementation of Mitigation Plan

Relevant stakeholders, especially community members (residents, shop owners, etc.) may be

informed about the details of the proposed mitigation plan. A public consultation may be

conducted where the mitigation plan is presented, and feedback solicited from the

community. Individual meetings with other key stake holders – government officials,

relevant NGOs, etc. – could be scheduled to solicit their feedback as well. Once construction

begins and the mitigation plan is put into effect, third party audits should be taken up so as

to evaluate the efficacy of the mitigation plan, as well as gauge local sentiments related to

the construction and identify/address new issues that may have arisen during construction.

Stakeholders that should be involved in planning and implementation of the mitigation plan

include;

All affected persons (APs), program beneficiaries, including representatives of

vulnerable households;

decision makers, policy makers, elected representatives of people, community and

citizens, NGOs etc.;

staff of executing agency, implementing agencies, GPCU, etc

officials of the revenue departments, social welfare department etc; and

Representatives of the various state government departments, as required.


136

7.4.5 Capacity of Institutions

Roles and functions of the institutions are pre-defined, but they can enhance their capacity

for better implementation and operation of the project. Currently all the departments or

institutions concerned have a strong technical capability. They have rich pool of engineers

and technical personnel. However it is required that there should be synergies and continual

interaction amongst the departments for better coordination and may be achieved through

mutual knowledge dissemination. The area where the capacity of the institutions can be

built is that of the officers of the relevant departments can be trained in social sciences, social

management plan, etc. This will help in implementing social development aspects. Every

department can have a social management specialist and/or increase in-house expertise on

gender issues to look into the gender issues, and tackle all social issues that may arise. Also,

it is suggested that an environmental officer can also be recruited for better project planning,

implementation, and monitoring. Also some of the important technical issues like disaster

management, application of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS),

and other relevant software and tools can be taken up and focused training can be imparted

to the concerned staff of institutions. Training of Trainer approach can be adopted, and then

trained officials from all the institutes can train their colleagues and subsequently build the

capacity of their own institute.

Institutional reform and capacity building of local body is in process under JNNURM, it will

be required to ensure that operating authorities have the ability and equipment to properly

manage and finance the operation and maintenance of sewerage schemes. Otherwise

continued development will not be sustainable.

Table 7.7 Role of stakeholder in implementation and mitigation

Stakeholder Category Role in project implementation Role in mitigation

NGRBA Over all coordination Coordinating so that the

mitigation plan is

implemented well

Ensuring funds for mitigation

plan execution

Executing agencies (UP

Jal Nigam, Ganga

Pollution Control Unit)

Implementation of the project by

awarding the project to the

suitable contractor and regional

coordination

Informing the relevant

departments about the progress

of the project

Ensuring that the relevant

departments are available for

mitigation plan

Enough safety provisions are

available for the project

implementation.

Jal Sansthan While execution of projects

related to sewerage line, Jal

Sansthan is responsible for the

damage caused to the public

utility functions like drinking

water pipe lines

Should ensure that the basic

amenities are in order during

the construction and

operational phase of the

project

Municipality Ensuring better access to

households

Should ensure all the

households envisaged at

project planning phase gets


137

Stakeholder Category Role in project implementation Role in mitigation

access to the services. Weaker

section of the society should

get equitable share.

State, local Government Coordination

Monitoring and evaluation

Coordination

Monitoring and evaluation

Ensure all the safeguarding

plans are in line and acted

upon.

NGOs, CSOs, Research

Institutes ( Allahabad

University)

Awareness creation about the

project activities

Community participation for

better project implementation

Public participation and

coordination

7.4.6 Develop Monitoring and Evaluation Mechanisms to Assess Social

Development Outcomes

Regular monitoring and evaluation of the project activities should be carried out to judge its

success or any gaps. Certain key parameters can be taken as the benchmark for monitoring

and evaluation of the project based on the identified development outcomes. Some of the

indicators are listed below;

Increase in sewer access (number of households linked to the sewer network)

Decrease in effluent discharge into the Ganga (water quality assessment of the river)

Proper sites for industries, building etc.

Accessibility of the service to backward and weaker sections of the society

Increase in public toilet

Increase in the land rate (property appreciation value)

Decrease in water borne disease incidence in the area


139

Chapter 8 Social Development Outcomes and

Issues

8.1 Social Development Outcomes of the sub project

Access to sewer network: This service will cater to the projected population until

the year 2040. According to the DPR, population is expected to increase from

1,98,473 in 2010 to 3,23,679 by 2040. In this time, waste water generation is expected

to increase from 26.20 MLD to 42.73 MLD. Increased sewerage will prevent outflow

of waste water to the Ganga.

Better hygienic conditions: The sewerage network will provide improved

environmental conditions due to the contained handling of wastes, leading to

improved public health conditions and will likely reduce the average medical

expenses of the residents in the project areas. According to DPR this area is

completely un-sewered and waste water finds its way into the river through open

drains. These areas suffer from powerful odors and greater amounts of

flies/mosquitoes, which will be mitigated with the sewerage connection and overall

improvement in environment and health is anticipated from this project.

Increase in household connections: 100% sewer connection has been proposed for

District C. Sewer connection ratio of more than 95% has been proposed to be

completed by 2020.

Decrease in water pollution: Because of the sewer line connection, all the waste

water will be collected and directed to treatment plant, which only after treatment will

be disposed off to the river, hence decreasing the pollutant load in the river. Due to

current pollution, water quality in the river Ganga is impaired at the City of

Allahabad. As the water enters Allahabad (at Rasoolabad) from Kanpur, it has a BOD

much higher than the safe bathing limit of 3mg/L at about 4.5 mg/L. Downstream

from Allahabad (post Sangam and before Assighat, Varanasi), the BDO reduces to

below the safe bathing limit19.

19Source: SanjivSwarup 2007, Affidavit of status report as on October 31,2006 filed on behalf of NRCD as per orders of the SC dated Oct 10, 2006, New Delhi January, mime


140

Plate 8.1 Direct discharge of sewage to river; Salorinala, Amitabh Bachan Culvert

Increase in aesthetic value of the project area: connection to sewer lines enhance the

aesthetic value of the area, as there will be more cleanliness and no wastewater

discharge to open area. This will also lead to appreciation in the property value. This

will eventually lead to increase in standard of living of the people in the project site.

The support for this statement comes from the counter-factual scenario observed in

areas with only nalas (bad odor, insects, etc.).

Reduction in cost of implementation: According to DPR, wherever possible

development of sewerage will be integrated with existing GAP infrastructure to

reduce the overall investment cost.

Cultural sentiments: Proper sewage disposal would increase the river water quality. As the

holy river is attached to many rituals and customs, enhanced river water quality would

Plate 8.2 Open drains at Sadiabad


141

connect to sentiments of the people. Especially during ‘Kumbh Mela’ better water quality for

bathing would be boon for pilgrims. At present as recorded by UP State Pollution Control

Board river water at Allahabad has high fecal coliform concentration, and it has been

reported that some sadhus and saints protest against the river pollution and boycott the

ritual bathing20. This could be sorted out with better river water quality.

8.2 Social Development Issues in Project Vicinity and Social

Services to be provided by the project

The social benefits of the proposed project are given above. The social services required to

ensure that these benefits are realized are given below:

Plate 8.3 Cultural sentiments associated with river Ganga

Ensure backward section of the society gets the facility: Some residents complained

that they did not feel they personally would benefit from the project as their houses

did not have sewer connection. Thus, increasing household connections will ensure

that project benefits are equitably distributed. Plans for increasing connections are

detailed in the DPR that is by 2025 coverage would increase to 75% from 10% of 2010

ratio. Special care should be taken to ensure access for backward and vulnerable

sections of the society. Full benefits of the facilities proposed under DPR cannot be

realized unless a programme to improve coverage of branch sewers and household

connection is carried in parallel.

Increasing public toilet facilities: Similarly increasing public toilet facilities will

ensure that residents of Allahabad without permanent housing and tourists

(especially visiting during ‘Kumbh Mela’ are able to benefit from the increased

sewerage access. Increasing toilet access will decrease practices such as Open

Defecation. This eventually would lead to better water quality and would have better

environment and social ramifications.

20http://www.ecofriends.org/main/eganga/images/Critical%20analysis%20of%20GAP.pdf


142

Targeting of economically weaker communities: for construction jobs related to

sub-project: In order to ensure that the economic benefits of the sub-project is felt by

those in need, those from backward communities should be specifically targeted for

relevant jobs.

Proper clean-up of project debris: In order to maximize aesthetic benefits and

ensure that debris does not clog sewer path, proper clean-up of project areas must be

performed after the project is completed. Collection and disposal of debris is

essential for proper function of other essential processes like traffic routing,

pedestrian pathways, and clearance of dust and particles causing pollution. Clean

area will also enhance the aesthetic value and increase the property rate of the area.

Sanitation for slum dwellers: Allahabad district has many slums, as mentioned

above around 185 slums spread across the city. District C also has number of slums,

near Prayag railway crossing, Salori sabzi mandi, etc. All these slums have no legal

rights over land so it is not possible to provide such services to them. But their

unsanitary condition is an impediment for the overall sanitary development. Hence

they should be provided with the scheme of low cost sanitation technologies without

sewerage connection.


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Figure 8.1 Slum location in District C

Plate 8.4 Slums in District C near Salori STP


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8.3 Gender Assessment and Development Framework

As per the Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMF, mainstreaming

gender equity and empowerment is a focus area in the project. Gender assessment was one

of the integral parts of the social assessment and was carried out through focused interviews

with women only group. The survey results showed that no gender based issues were

raised. The primary social survey analysis shows that there will be no livelihood loss, but if

during implementation of the project, any such issue surfaces, then livelihood restoration

related activities should address women’s needs on priority.

However to ensure gender development, overall monitoring and evaluation of the project

should include gender disaggregated indicator and gender relevant indicator, to ensure that

equal access is being credited to all beneficiaries of the project including women. Also

during the implementation project, gender disaggregated feedback from the stakeholders

should be taken and must be discussed thoroughly to determine the need for changing the

course of action or taking any further actions.


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Chapter 9 Conclusion

The project report of the proposed sub-project for sewerage district ‘C’ of the Allahabad city

after environment and social analysis concludes that the project falls in ‘low impact’

category and have overall positive benefits on the life and environment of the people. There

has been no reported land acquisition or livelihood losses to be caused under this project. As

per environmental and social management framework guidelines of NGRBA,

Environmental and Social Assessment, with a Generic Safeguard Management Plan was

conducted for addressing possible issues/ concerns arising from proposed project.

Impacts of activities identified during the assessment fell under two separate categories of

Construction and Operation. Although no such permanently negative or adverse

environmental or social impacts were identified, there were certain temporary impacts, for

which appropriate mitigation plans have also been suggested. The environmental

management plan ensures to suggest appropriate mitigation measure against the issues/

concerns identified during the environmental and social analysis study. All the social and

environmental issues were appropriately studied and have been substantiated using

appropriate evidences, to ascertain the magnitude of their impacts. Even the issues of public

grievances and public notice have been taken care in the report to confirm transparency

during the project implementation. Report also ensures that well defined institutional

mechanism is in place to monitor and evaluate the progress of the project during

construction, implementation and operation phases.

Stakeholder consultations, and interviews helped to understand the general perception of

public towards the project and it can be determined that the people of the project site are

happy and welcome such an initiative for their betterment. It was also pointed out that the

large overall environmental benefits of the project such as prevention of discharge of

untreated sewage into River Ganga, improvement in sewerage collection and treatment,

prevention of untreated liquid waste infiltrating into ground water and soil, improvement in

quality of life, human dignity and increased productivity greatly outweigh the temporary

inconveniences faced during the implementation stages.


147

Annexure 1 Questionnaire

TERI-Water Resources Division Date:__/__/2011

NGRBA Project Impact Assessment

Interviewer:__________________

Site: __________________________

Interviewee:________________________

Location: Residential____Public Place_______

For PP: Park______Office____Market__School____Store______Religious place____

Classification:

Resident______ShopKeeper___StreetVendor_____Officeworker____School_______pedestria

n___

Religious figure_____Other_______

1. Are you aware that this project will be constructed?

2. Do you think it is necessary to have this kind of project? You feel connection to

sewerage is important?

3. Will your household be connected to sewer line?

4. What do you think will be the consequences of the construction this project on the

following: (classify as short term and long term impacts)

a. Traffic blockages?

b. Parking?

c. Aesthetic value of neighbourhood/ environment sanitation

d. Health

e. Access to river water source

f. Noise?

g. Pollution? Dust, air quality, leakages

h. Smell/flies, etc.?

i. Basic services? Drinking water pipes, electricity poles, etc.

j. Livelihood? (temporary or permanent)

k. Family?

l. Daily Life?


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m. Impact of worker’s camp (unsanitary conditions there, safety concerns, etc.)

n. Other?

5. What do you think will be the consequences of this project, post completion?

a. Pollution?

b. Smell/flies, etc.?

c. Access to river water source

d. Basic services? Drinking water pipes, electricity poles, etc.

e. Livelihood?

f. Family?

g. Daily Life?

h. Other?

6. Are you aware of similar projects (prompt JnNurm projects) in your

area/neighbourhood?

7. How are you coping up with these difficulties?

a. Traffic blockages?

b. Parking?

c. Aesthetic value of neighborhood

d. Health

e. Access to river water source

f. Noise?

g. Pollution? Dust, air quality, leakages

h. Smell/flies, etc.?

i. Basic services? Drinking water pipes, electricity poles, etc.

j. Livelihood? (Temporary/permanent)

k. Family?

l. Daily Life?

m. Impact of worker’s camp (unsanitary conditions there, safety concerns, etc.)

n. Other?

8. Have you/or anyone you know of have complained on any similar projects in the

past?


149

9. What are your suggestions on improving the project construction/operation phase?

10. Are you aware of what will happen in the absence of the project?

11. Do you think this is a no regret investment by GoI (explain what is no regret

investment) and more such projects should be implemented?

12. Do you perceive any conflicts during implementation/construction of the project?

(get details)

13. Do you know of any conflicts in the past due to similar projects?

14. Do you know of any land acquisition for this project?

15. Do you know of any rehabilitation/resettlement that might be required during

project implementation phase?

16. Do you think these projects;

will help in improving Ganga river quality, if replicated and up scaled in different

areas or not?

17. Are you aware of any community/social movement against this upcoming project?

18. Are you aware of any community/social movement/ cultural issues/security threats

(due to labour migration) against similar projects in your area in the past?

Are you willing to cope with the temporary disruptions/disturbances during the

construction/operational phase? (prompt and get reason for willingness to cope, if answer is

yes/no)

Do you believe that the authority will implement the project in a timely and efficient

manner?

Have you/or anyone you know of approached the public grievance authority in the past

regarding similar projects? (note down details)


150

Do you feel this project has minimal/no impact in comparison with some other

projects/programmes you know of in the region?


Annexure 2 Minutes of meeting with key

stakeholders

Allahabad 28-29th April 2011

S.

no Name and designation Contact No. Minutes of Meeting

1 Mr. Rohit, Asst. Project

Engineer, State Pollution

Control Board,

Allahabad

9473942159 According to rough estimates

the project in District C would

help in treating 2.61 MLD of

sewage, and in District A

around 7 MLD of sewage. This

will help prevent flow of

approximately 10 MLD of

sewage into River Ganga.

During construction work, they

make sure appropriate safety

equipment’s are available along

with proper caution signage and

contact number of the

concerned project coordinator.

Also proper shuttering to be

placed as excavation

commences; water to be

sprinkled through tankers, twice

a day, to avoid dust pollution.

Work in front of schools and

hospitals to be prioritized and

finished urgently. Work could

be conducted during day/night

shifts.

Upstream/downstream water

quality data can be retrieved

from the MoEF public domain.

There are no forested areas or

protected monuments being

threatened by the projects.

There is no threat to

Groundwater Resources since

digging for sewers does not go

below 6-7 meters.

2 Mr. R S Singh, State 9473942675 Said that he dealt mainly with


153

Pollution Control Board,

Allahabad

[email protected]

[email protected]

the Operation and Maintenance

phase of the projects.

Introduced TERI to Mr. Rohit

for all necessary information.

TERI submitted a letter of

request to Mr. R.S Singh,

requesting relevant data for

ESIA.

Allahabad 5thAugust 2011

S.

no Name and designation Minutes of Meeting

1 MoEF, PMG ,World Bank

team, U.P. Jal Nigam,

Nagar Nigam, Tata

Consulting Engineers

(TCE), TERI

Venue: Jal Nigam,

Training Centre, Sangam

Hall

There was a verbal agreement between the Nagar Nigam,

UP Jal Nigam and other offices that each construction site

for laying of sewer lines will be completed and restored in

maximum period of 1 month.

It was brought to the attention that since no maps, plans

of underground utilities exists, damage to them will be

inevitable.

It was agreed upon that a ‘Social publicity Programme’

would be launched, the budget for which was to be

prepared by Jal Kal department.

There was a suggestion to use Sewer Cad and it was

recommended that all sewer maps and details should be

mapped using it.

The issue of providing sewer lines to unauthorized

colonies was brought up. One solution was to provide

sewerage to all habitations and unauthorized colonies

except where public land has been encroached. Another

suggestion was to provide network in all areas where a

water connection already exists. This matter is still under

review and consideration.

Suggestion was made by the World Bank to initiate a plan

to involve and motivate local residents to install sewer

connections in their homes. One such idea for a scheme

would provide a free connection to all those who applied

in the 1st six months.

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]


154

Allahabad 23rd - 26th August 2011

S.


1 Mr. A.K Mittal, General

Manager, Ganga Pollution

Control Unit (GPCU), UP

Jal Nigam, Allahabad,

Uttar Pradesh.

09473942672 He shared basic information on

the existing sewerage system in

Allahabad city and provided

contacts of important officials

required for the environmental

and social assessment study.

Important issues such as

damage to public utilities,

traffic congestion, dust

pollution etc. were highlighted.

Data and Maps related to Water

Supply, Solid Waste

management, storm drainage,

health and social issues were

not available with UP Jal

Nigam and would be with the

Nagar Nigam.

2 Mr. J.P Mani, Project

Manager, Ganga Pollution

Control Unit (GPCU), UP

Jal Nigam, Allahabad,

Uttar Pradesh

09473942674 As secondary data on

Allahabad District C, he

provided TERI with a report by

Ramky Infrastructure Ltd. on a

soil test conducted titled “A

report on sub-soil exploration

for design foundation of sump

well at Gaughat, Allahabad

(U.P.)”

3 Dr. Mukesh Sharma,

Envrionment Officer,

Project Implementation

Unit, Allahabad Nagar

Nigam.

09935754985

Stated that most of the data is

with the UP Jal Nigam

Shared statistics about solid

waste management in city.

Overall the SWM plans are

have reached only 20%

implementation in all wards.

400 gm/head solid waste is

collected adding up to a total of

540 Million Metric Tonnes per

day.

Door to Door Collection

(DTDC) is followed in 18

wards of District A. No slums


155

S.


are included in the DTDC

plans.

The major dumping sites are

Allahpur, Govindpur and

KarelBagh. The major

processing plant is at Baswar.

With regard to waste water,

BPCL is a major industry that

dumps waste water into the

Simraha Ghat. Other industries

in NAINI area are Baidyanath,

AREVA and RECRON.

Provided information on water

supply for the city which

included pumps, tube wells and

overhead tanks (18 under

JNNURM, each storing

2000KiloLitres). There are also

3 underground reservoirs in

District A (2 are complete, 1 is

30% constructed)

4 Mr. Tiwary, Social officer,

Allahabad Nagar Nigam.

07376336219 Informed that there is not much

data that exists on social issues

at the moment.

Provided TERI with a

photocopy of wards in

Allahabad district and a list of

slums.

5 Mr. P.K Mishra, Land

Officer, Nagar Nigam.

Informed that there is no

landuse data or maps available

for Allahabad due to lack of

recording and poor response

from locals.

6 Mr, K.K Srivastav, JE,

Gaughat Pumping Station,

Allahabad.

09473942168 Provided important information

with regard to the Gaughat

pumping station and overall

sewage system in Allahabad.

The current pumping capacity

of the Gaughat MPS is 72MLD

and it has the capacity to handle

extra increased levels of 7 to 8

m.

The MPS was built in 1988 and

is very old, it should have been


156

S.


changed in 2003 (after 15

years).

There is no provision to handle

high flows/excess flows during

the monsoon. During these

times, backlogging leads to

flooding of the sewage network.

It was suggested that storm

water be bypassed to the river

to avoid this kind of flooding.

There have been no complaints

from the residents neighboring

the MPS about noise or air

quality.

Polythene is a major issue at the

pumping station.

Approximately 2 trucks per

week are transported to

dumping sites from Gaughat

MPS.

7 World Bank, TCE and

UPJN

[email protected] All 3 parties discussed the day’s

field visits and the World Bank

gave their impression and

expectations of the project

work. The following points are

to be mentioned:

As per JNNURM , by March

2012, water supply is targeted

to be 100% in Allahabad.

The main concern for finishing

the project in time is the

upcoming Kumbh Mela in 2013

at Prayag.

GIS maps are to be acquired

from TCE in the form of a CD.

The UPJN agreed to provide

field assistance to all field

going teams, as suggested by

the World Bank.


157

Annexure 3 Census Data

District Allahabad (45), Uttar Pradesh (09)

Population

Persons 4,936,105

Males 2,626,448

Females 2,309,657

Growth (1991-2001) 26.72

Rural 3,729,320

Urban 1,206,785

Scheduled Caste Population 1,065,097

Percentage to total Population 21.58

Literacy and Educational level

Literates

Persons 2,506,942

Males 1,635,387

Females 871,555

Literacy rate

Persons 62.11

Males 75.81

Females 46.38

Workers

Total workers 1,671,349

Main workers 1,106,596

Marginal workers 564,751

Non-workers 3,264,756

Scheduled Castes (Largest three)

1. Pasi 304,424

2. Chamar etc. 402,347

3. Kol 106,164

Religions (Largest three)

1. Hindus 4,284,834

2. Muslims 627,735

3. Christians 9,114

Important Towns (Largest three)

Population

1. Allahabad (M Corp.) 975,393

2. Allahabad (CB) 24,137

3. Lal Gopalganj Nindaura (NP) 22,992

House Type

Type of House (% of households occupying)

Permanent 50.7


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Semi-permanent 45.5

Temporary 3.8

Number of households 740,941

Household size (per household) 7

Sex ratio (females per 1000 males) 879

Sex ration (0-6 years) 917

Scheduled Tribe population 4,273

Percentage to total population 0.09

Educational Level attained

Total 2,506,942

Without level 152,585

Below primary 536,398

Primary 542,568

Middle 404,832

Matric/Higher Secondary/Diploma 616,060

Graduate and above 254,138

Age groups

0-4 years 586,483

5-14 years 1,374,513

15-59 years 2,598,662

60 years and above (incl. A.N.S.) 376,447

Scheduled Tribes (Largest three)

1. Generic Tribes etc. 3,322

2. Tharu 870

3. Jaunsari 57

Amenities and infrastructural facilities

Total inhabited villages

Amenities available in villages

No. of Villages

Drinking water facilities 2,783

Safe Drinking water 2,783

Electricity (Power Supply) 2,289

Electricity (domestic) 1,066

Electricity (Agriculture) 703

Primary school 1,733

Middle schools 613

Secondary/Sr Secondary schools 214

College 61

Medical facility 651

Primary Health Centre 53

Primary Health Sub-Centre 66

Post, telegraph and telephone facility 910

Bus services 201

Paved approach road 1,956

Mud approach road 1,986


159

Annexure 4 Letter of Request (dated 24/09/2009) for

Consent to Operate for 29mld STP at Baxi Bandh,

Salori

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