Environment integration in EC Environment integration in EC development co-operationdevelopment co-operation

Approaches for the programming phaseApproaches for the programming phase

Jean-Paul Ledant (HDE)Jean-Paul Ledant (HDE)Help Desk EnvironmentHelp Desk Environment

hde@environment-integration.orghde@environment-integration.orgwww.environment-integration.orgwww.environment-integration.org

The Help Desk EnvironmentThe Help Desk Environment

A team of 3 consultants (contract EC-Agreco/MDF): A team of 3 consultants (contract EC-Agreco/MDF): J. Palerm,J. Palerm, P. Brinn, P. Brinn, J.P. Ledant.J.P. Ledant.

Role: providing methodological support (and training) to Role: providing methodological support (and training) to EC staff and partners for environmental mainstreaming EC staff and partners for environmental mainstreaming in development co-operation.in development co-operation.

Geographical area: Geographical area: Africa, Indian oceanAfrica, Indian ocean Asia, PacificAsia, Pacific Latin America, Caribbean Latin America, Caribbean (not ENP countries!)(not ENP countries!)

The overall objective: The overall objective: Sustainable Development, through Sustainable Development, through

Increased human well-Increased human well-being (poverty alleviation)being (poverty alleviation)

Development decoupled Development decoupled from environmental from environmental pressurespressures

Net accumulation of capital Net accumulation of capital including natural capital. including natural capital.

HDIHDI

HDI/COHDI/CO22

HDI/footprintHDI/footprint

Adjusted Net Adjusted Net SavingSaving

Objectives Indicators

The overall approachThe overall approach

Environment integration is not a goal, but a means.Environment integration is not a goal, but a means. The links between a development action and the The links between a development action and the

environment are reciprocal: environment are reciprocal:

Relevant decisions and actions are more important Relevant decisions and actions are more important than visibility and the use of environmental tools.than visibility and the use of environmental tools.

The HDE proposes systematic environmental The HDE proposes systematic environmental integration in the operation cycle.integration in the operation cycle.

Project Env.Impacts

The main tools The main tools for for environmentalenvironmental integration integration

Three “environmental” toolsThree “environmental” tools Country Environmental Profile (CEP).Country Environmental Profile (CEP). Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA).Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA). Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).

Other important toolsOther important tools Problem Analysis and Logical FrameworkProblem Analysis and Logical Framework IndicatorsIndicators Evaluation criteria.Evaluation criteria.

The Cycle of OperationsThe Cycle of Operations

Programming

1. Identification

2. Formulation

4. Evaluation

3. Implementation

There are three approaches for the There are three approaches for the steps after programmingsteps after programming

Programming

Macro-Economic Approach

GBS

Sector WideApproach

SPSPProject

approach

So the environment should be integrated So the environment should be integrated in four “compartments”in four “compartments”

Position of the 3 environmental tools Position of the 3 environmental tools in the 4 compartmentsin the 4 compartments

Programming

GBSSWAP

Projects

SEA

CEP

EIA SEA

Programming (at country level)Programming (at country level)

Key Programming Paper: CSP-NIP.Key Programming Paper: CSP-NIP. Key Environmental Tool: CEP (Country Key Environmental Tool: CEP (Country

Environmental Profile).Environmental Profile). Process:Process:

1.1. Prepare the CEP Prepare the CEP

2.2. Prepare the CSPPrepare the CSP

Programming Documents Programming Documents Country Strategy Paper (CSP)Country Strategy Paper (CSP)

Analysis: Political, Economic, Social, EnvironmentalAnalysis: Political, Economic, Social, Environmental Policy agendaPolicy agenda Past and on-going co-operationPast and on-going co-operation Response strategyResponse strategy AnnexesAnnexes

National Indicative Programme (NIP)National Indicative Programme (NIP) Indicative budget Indicative budget Priorities and actionsPriorities and actions Alignment and harmonisation Alignment and harmonisation Annexes Annexes

Country Environmental ProfileCountry Environmental Profile

Aims to identify and assess environmental Aims to identify and assess environmental issues for consideration during the issues for consideration during the preparation of a CSP:preparation of a CSP: • Identifies the main environmental challenges, • Establishes the key linkages between the environment and the economic/social situation,• Revises national policies and institutions, as well as co-operation,• Contributes to focusing dialogue with the country on areas of concern including sustainable development, • Provides baseline information and key recommendations for the CSP-NIP• But not a technical thesis…

CEP Overall Structure CEP Overall Structure

1.1. SummarySummary

2.2. State of the environmentState of the environment

3.3. Environmental policy, legislative and Environmental policy, legislative and institutional frameworkinstitutional framework

4.4. EU and other donor cooperation from an EU and other donor cooperation from an environmental perspectiveenvironmental perspective

5.5. Conclusions and recommendations Conclusions and recommendations

Appendices Appendices

The CEP and CSP-NIP (1) The CEP and CSP-NIP (1)

Country Strategy Paper Country Strategy Paper (CSP)(CSP)

Analysis- Political, Analysis- Political, Economic, Social, Economic, Social, EnvironmentalEnvironmental

Policy agendaPolicy agenda Past on-going co-operationPast on-going co-operation Response strategyResponse strategy Annexes (incl. summary Annexes (incl. summary

CEP)CEP) National Indicative National Indicative

Programme (NIP)Programme (NIP) Indicative budget Indicative budget Priorities and actionsPriorities and actions Alignment and Alignment and

harmonisation harmonisation Annexes Annexes

CEPCEP SummarySummary State of the environmentState of the environment Environmental policy, Environmental policy,

legislative and institutional legislative and institutional frameworkframework

EU and other donor EU and other donor cooperation from an cooperation from an environmental perspectiveenvironmental perspective

Conclusions and Conclusions and recommendations recommendations

Annexes Annexes

Country Strategy Paper Country Strategy Paper (CSP)(CSP)

Analysis- Political, Analysis- Political, Economic, Social, Economic, Social, EnvironmentalEnvironmental

Policy agendaPolicy agenda Past on-going co-operationPast on-going co-operation Response strategyResponse strategy Annexes (incl. summary Annexes (incl. summary

CEP)CEP) National Indicative National Indicative

Programme (NIP)Programme (NIP) Indicative budget Indicative budget Priorities and actionsPriorities and actions Alignment and Alignment and

harmonisation harmonisation Annexes Annexes

CEPCEP SummarySummary State of the environmentState of the environment Environmental policy, Environmental policy,

legislative and legislative and institutional frameworkinstitutional framework

EU and other donor EU and other donor cooperation from an cooperation from an environmental environmental perspectiveperspective

Conclusions and Conclusions and recommendations recommendations

Appendices Appendices

The CEP and CSP-NIP (2)The CEP and CSP-NIP (2)

Country Strategy Paper Country Strategy Paper (CSP)(CSP)

Analysis- Political, Analysis- Political, Economic, Social, Economic, Social, EnvironmentalEnvironmental

Policy agendaPolicy agenda Past on-going co-operationPast on-going co-operation Response strategyResponse strategy Annexes (incl. summary Annexes (incl. summary

CEP)CEP) National Indicative National Indicative

Programme (NIP)Programme (NIP) Indicative budget Indicative budget Priorities and actionsPriorities and actions Alignment and Alignment and

harmonisation harmonisation Annexes Annexes

CEPCEP SummarySummary State of the State of the

environmentenvironment Environmental policy, Environmental policy,

legislative and legislative and institutional frameworkinstitutional framework

EU and other donor EU and other donor cooperation from an cooperation from an environmental environmental perspectiveperspective

Conclusions and Conclusions and recommendations recommendations

Annexes Annexes

The CEP and CSP-NIP (3)The CEP and CSP-NIP (3)

Environmental integration in the Environmental integration in the CSP-NIPCSP-NIP

CEP

NIPCSP

Which “environmental

integration outcomes”?

Country analysis

EC policy

Partner’s policy

Potential outcomesPotential outcomes(from environmental integration)(from environmental integration)

Selection of focal areasSelection of focal areas Selection of objectives addressing key issues for Selection of objectives addressing key issues for

sustainable development (including sustainable development (including environmental issues identified by the CEP)environmental issues identified by the CEP)

Selection of strategies and actions minimizing Selection of strategies and actions minimizing adverse impacts and enhancing positive impacts adverse impacts and enhancing positive impacts

• Planning an SEA for the supported sector Planning an SEA for the supported sector policies/programmespolicies/programmes

• Using additional opportunities for environmental integrationUsing additional opportunities for environmental integration Selection of relevant indicators.Selection of relevant indicators.

Links between Links between those outcomes and the CEPthose outcomes and the CEP

Ideally the CEP should make recommendations Ideally the CEP should make recommendations towards those potential outcomes.towards those potential outcomes.

But the CEP should also be done at an early But the CEP should also be done at an early stage, where key decisions are not taken. stage, where key decisions are not taken. Additional aspects, not foreseen in the CEP may Additional aspects, not foreseen in the CEP may include:include: Using opportunities provided by the selected sector Using opportunities provided by the selected sector

and strategy;and strategy; Adapting the indicators.Adapting the indicators.

In the new consensus on development In the new consensus on development co-operation, there are 10 focal areasco-operation, there are 10 focal areas

Governance, democracy, human rights and support to Governance, democracy, human rights and support to economic or institutional reformseconomic or institutional reforms

Trade and regional integrationTrade and regional integration Infrastructure, communication and transportInfrastructure, communication and transport Water and energyWater and energy Social cohesion and employmentSocial cohesion and employment Human developmentHuman development Infrastructure and transportInfrastructure and transport Rural development, territorial planning, agriculture, food Rural development, territorial planning, agriculture, food

securitysecurity Environment and sustainable management of natural Environment and sustainable management of natural

resourcesresources Conflict prevention and state fragilityConflict prevention and state fragility

Examples of opportunities Examples of opportunities for co-operation areasfor co-operation areas

Governance and economic or institutional reforms:Governance and economic or institutional reforms: Environmental Fiscal Reforms.Environmental Fiscal Reforms. Capacities and institutions for natural resource management.Capacities and institutions for natural resource management.

Trade and regional integration:Trade and regional integration: Control of illegal trade of timber (FLEGT) and threatened species.Control of illegal trade of timber (FLEGT) and threatened species.

Human development:Human development: Health: living conditions, (equitable) use of biodiversity resources.Health: living conditions, (equitable) use of biodiversity resources. Education: Environmental education.Education: Environmental education.

Infrastructure and transportInfrastructure and transport Assessing the overall policy (through an SEA) before deciding to Assessing the overall policy (through an SEA) before deciding to

build roads.build roads. Rural development, food security:Rural development, food security:

Protecting “ecosystem services”.Protecting “ecosystem services”. ……

Environmental integration outcomesEnvironmental integration outcomesExample 1Example 1

Promotion of agriculture and fisheriesPromotion of agriculture and fisheries Assessing impact of agriculture on the Assessing impact of agriculture on the

environmentenvironment Use of water: efficient irrigation schemesUse of water: efficient irrigation schemes Sustainable exploitation of fisheries resourcesSustainable exploitation of fisheries resources

Environmental integration outcomesEnvironmental integration outcomesExample 2Example 2

Focal sector: educationFocal sector: education• Promoting environmental educationPromoting environmental education

Focal sector: trade and investmentFocal sector: trade and investment• Ecolabelling and certification processesEcolabelling and certification processes• Improvement of environmental standardsImprovement of environmental standards• Energy efficiency and renewable technologiesEnergy efficiency and renewable technologies

Focal sector: law enforcement and justiceFocal sector: law enforcement and justice• Actions to fight illegal loggingActions to fight illegal logging

The indicatorsThe indicators

Indicators are variables used to monitor the Indicators are variables used to monitor the achievement of an objective (expected result).achievement of an objective (expected result).

They depend thus on the objectives.They depend thus on the objectives. There should not be too many indicators.There should not be too many indicators. For those reasons, adding “environmental For those reasons, adding “environmental

indicators” is not always recommended.indicators” is not always recommended. But we should avoid indicators having both a But we should avoid indicators having both a

positive (desirable) side and a negative positive (desirable) side and a negative (undesirable) side. (undesirable) side.

The indicatorsThe indicators

or

Avoid ambiguous variables:

• selected because positively linked with desired (socio-economic) aspects

• but also linked to undesirable (environmental) aspects

Prefer:

Ex: imported agricultural inputs

Ex: less starving children Ex: higher yields/unit of fertilizer

Programming at regional levelProgramming at regional level

The same approach, but :The same approach, but : RSP (replaces CSP)RSP (replaces CSP) RIP (replaces NIP)RIP (replaces NIP) REP (replaces CEP)REP (replaces CEP)

The current practiceThe current practice

CEPs are now systematically prepared CEPs are now systematically prepared (very few in the previous generation of (very few in the previous generation of CSP- 2002-2006 or 2003-2007).CSP- 2002-2006 or 2003-2007).

CSPs have now a section on the CSPs have now a section on the environment (part of the country analysis).environment (part of the country analysis).

Effective environmental integration and Effective environmental integration and contribution to sustainable development contribution to sustainable development since to be enhanced. since to be enhanced.