Environmental concerns and corporationsProf.SVK

Prof.SVK 2

Environmentalism

•  Environmentalism is an ideology that evokes the necessity and responsibility of humans to respect, protect, and preserve the natural world from its anthropogenic (caused by humans) afflictions.

Prof.SVK 3

History• Environmental thinking began mainly after the Industrial Revolution.

• The industrial period gave rise to modern environmental pollution as it is generally understood today.

• Animal activists began to promote environmental ideas in an attempt to save wildlife.

• Literature such as A New Look At Life on Earth and Silent Spring, questioning the logic of releasing large amounts of chemicals into the environment, were published.

• The 60’s and 70’s brought about the “hippie” era where “tree huggers” set up peaceful protests against deforestation.

• Since environmentalist action has led to the development of a new subculture.

Prof.SVK 4

Creation of EPA (1970)• EPA stands for Environmental

Protection Agency

• EPA was founded for “the specific purpose of protecting human health and safeguarding the natural environment” (Best)

• EPA was the first federal agency designed to deal with pollution

• EPA revolutionized the way pollution and environmental problems were dealt with

• Set a precedent for future environmental agencies

Prof.SVK 5

1980-90

Ozone

• Depletion from fluorocarbons is finally taken seriously

• Even strong conservatives are realizing the negative effects humans have caused to the ozone

Climate Changes

• Global warming is becoming more convincing

• More evidence suggests that the serve climate changes are serious

• Global warming is warned but not taken as seriously as environmentalists would like

Prof.SVK 6

1990-2000Gulf War

• Has a very negative effect on the environment with the multiple burning oil wells

• Oil wells depletes a natural resources while releasing harmful fumes and causing harm to marine and land animals

Environment vs. Economy

• A poll is taken to see whether Americans favor the environment or economic development

• “A Gallup poll finds 76 percent of Americans call themselves environmentalists.” (Kovarik)

• There tension between republicans and democrats regarding which issue to support

Prof.SVK 7

ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENTS

IN INDIA

Prof.SVK 8

MOVEMENTS

The Chipko Movement Narmada Bachao movement

SAVE GANGA MOVEMENT

Chandi Prasad Bhatt• Founder of Chipko movement.

• Organized rallies to protect the forest from mass destruction.

The Chipko Movement

9Prof.SVK

Prof.SVK 10

Success of Chipko movement

The movement has spread to many states in the country.

It stopped felling of trees in the Western Ghats and the Vindhyas.

Generated pressure for formulation of a natural resource policy.

Achieved a major victory in 1980 with a 15-year ban on green felling in the Himalayan forests

More than 1,00,000 trees have been saved from excavation.

Started protecting forest slopes and Restoring bare ones.

Prof.SVK

• Chipko Movement (1973-1981)

11

Prof.SVK 12

• Afterward environmental awareness increased dramatically in India.

• New methods of forest farming have been developed, both to conserve the forests and create employment.

• By 1981, over a million trees had been planted through their efforts.

• Villagers paid special attention in care of the trees and forest trees are being used judiciously.

Success of Chipko movement

Prof.SVK 13

Save the Narmada Movement

• Established in 1989

• Sept 1989 - 60,000 people rally against destructive development.

Prof.SVK 14

• Jan 1990 – 5,000 people marched on the Narmada Valley Development authority offices forcing them to close

• March 1990 – 10,000 protesters blocked the highway from Bombay for two days

• May 1990 – 2,000 people staged a sit-in outside the prime ministers house in Delhi

Prof.SVK 15

World Wildlife Fund (WWF) published on 20th March 2007. Apart from the Ganga, the Indus, Nile, and Yangtze are among the 10 most endangered rivers of the world, that are lifeline of billions of people.

SAVE GANGA MOVEMENT

Prof.SVK 16

Objective of the Movement :-

• To create mass awareness for an eco-friendly non-violent culture of development for the protection of our life.• On the other hand, to put moral pressure on the government, to take time-bound decisive steps to completely and permanently save the Ganga symbolizing all rivers and water bodies & also all mountains forests and wildlife

Prof.SVK 17

Saalumarada Thimmakka• Thimmakka is an

Indian environmentalist from the state of Karnataka, noted for her work in planting and tending to 384 banyan trees along a four-kilometre stretch of highway .

• Her work has been honoured with the National Citizen's Award of India.

• Thimmakka was listed by British Broadcasting Corporation as one of the most influential and inspiration women of the world.

Prof.SVK 18

Future Programme

• As the next major step of our Movement, are planning to organize a “ Save Ganga & Save Himalayas Yatra”  from   Badrinath to Rameshwar. The main objective of the Yatra will be to bring various major religious institutions of different faiths (Temples, Mosques, Churches, Gurudwaras, etc) under one roof to devote to the cause of preventing the impending massive ecological crises by creating a non-violent culture of development through a Gandhian Non-violent Mass- Movement.

Prof.SVK 19

Preservation and Conservation of the Environment

Prof.SVK 20

• Is the action of preserving the environment

• Synonims : protection, maintenance, security

•  keep from being damaged or destroyed. 

Preservation of Environment

Prof.SVK 21

• Is the action of conserving the environment

• Synonims: save keeping, guarding, care

• protect and nurture.

Conservation of Environment

Prof.SVK 22

Importance of preserving and conserving the environment

• human beings use water and coal to produce electricity which in turn helps us to provide heat and light for our homes. 

• Trees should be allowed to grow. They help in reducing air temperature, remove pollutants from the atmosphere, provide us with oxygen, reduce noise pollution and most important, decrease soil erosion. Some times it becomes necessary to cut down trees. This should be made up by planting more trees. 

Prof.SVK 23

Prof.SVK 24

THREATS TO NATURE1. Pollution

2. Deforestation

3. Soil Erosion

4. Over Fishing

5. Water Scarcity

6. Infrastructure Development

7. Slash-and-Burn Practice

8. Smothering of Coral Reefs

9. Climate Change

10. Illegal Species Trade

Prof.SVK 25

SOME ACTIVE GOVT. AND NON GOVT. ORGANIZATIONS IN INDIA

GOVT. ORGANIZATIONS

1. Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF)

2. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)

3. Environment Information System (ENVIS)

4. Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES)

5. Waste Minimization Cycle (WMC) Government Organizations

Prof.SVK 26

NON -GOVT. ORGANIZATIONS IN INDIA

1. Agency for Non-conventional Energy and Rural Technology (ANERT) – Kerala

2. Centre for Science and Environment Conserve - ND

3. Exnora International - Chennai

4. Foundation for Ecological Security - Gujarat

5. Siruthuli Non-Government Organizations - Coimbatore

Prof.SVK 27

WHAT CAN WE DO TO CONSERVE NATURAL RESOURCES?

1. Turning Off Lights

2. Closing the Door While A/C Runs

3. Decreasing the Use of Paper

4. Throwing Trash in the Trash Cans

5. Switching to Non-Plastic Water Bottles and Bags

6. Driving Less

7. Using Green Power

8. Planting Trees

9. Preventing Pollution

Prof.SVK 28

4 R’s

• Reduce…

• Reuse …

• Recycle …

• Repair…

STAKEHOLDERandBUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

Prof.SVK 29

Prof.SVK 30

Stakeholder and Business Environment

• Public Opinion

• Media

• Environmental groups

• Corporations

• Government

Business as Sociopolitical Institution

Business Firm

InternationalEnvironment

Changes inIdeologies &

Values

Increased Govt.Intervention:

• Statutory Law• Admnistrative Law

Upgrading of Ethical Standard

Increased Influenceof external or public

Interest Group

Changing Att.ofSociety toward

Business

Increased Importanceof Internal

Stakeholder Group

Improved Communication&Increased Impt of

Media

Prof.SVK

Prof.SVK 33

Key strategies for Industrial pollution strategies

1. Systematic waste reduction audit

2. Material balance

3. Economic balance

4. Waste reduction

5. Use of newer ,cleaner technologies

Prof.SVK 34

Prof.SVK 35

Indian Environment Policy

• Indian Forest Act, 1927

• The Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972

•  Environment (Protection) Act 1986

• The National Environmental Policy, 2004

• Biological Diversity Act, 2012

Prof.SVK 36

Common Environmental Compliance Gaps • Lack of Valid Environmental Permits

• Omission of Details of Site Operations in Applications, Statutory Records, and Returns

• Lack of Proper Waste Management

• Lack of Spill Response Plans and Equipment

• Lack of Appropriate Training, Equipment, and Information to Workers and Neighboring Communities

• Effluent Discharge without Treatment

Prof.SVK 37

Environmental Audit

• various types of evaluations intended to identify environmental compliance and management system implementation gaps, along with related corrective actions.

Prof.SVK 38

ISO 14001• ISO 14001 is a voluntary international standard

for environmental management systems ("EMS"). ISO 14001:2004 provides the requirements for an EMS and ISO 14004 gives general EMS guidelines.

•  An EMS meeting the requirements of ISO 14001:2004 is a management tool enabling an organization of any size or type to:

Identify and control the environmental impact of its activities, products or services;

Improve its environmental performance continually, and

Implement a systematic approach to setting environmental objectives and targets, to achieving these and to demonstrating that they have been achieved.

Prof.SVK 39

40

Those Who Help Nature, End Up Helping Themselves..!

Prof.SVK

Prof.SVK 41

THAT’S IT……….