Enquiron HR and Employment Law HELPLINE...
Transcript of Enquiron HR and Employment Law HELPLINE...
Enquiron HR and Employment Law HELPLINE Services No Fear: Get it Straight; Don’t Retaliate
March 17, 2014
Truth Fisher Attorney Advisors Law Group, LLP
Disclaimer
The material presented in this presentation represents the views of the
speaker and is not intended to provide legal or tax advice as to any of the
subjects mentioned, but rather is presented for general information only. You
should not rely on this general information to address specific circumstances.
You should consult knowledgeable legal counsel or other knowledgeable
experts as to any legal or tax questions you may have.
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Presentation Speaker
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Truth Fisher, Esq. Advisors Law Group, LLP
Ms. Fisher’s employment law experience includes: – Defending corporations, organizations and directors and
officers – Handling claims ranging from wage and hour violations to
harassment, retaliation and other alleged workplace misconduct
– Counseling employers on best workplace practices
Ms. Fisher is licensed to practice law in the states of Florida and California. She is a frequent legal writer and contributor for the Miami Herald and South Florida's Daily Business Review.
No Fear: Get it Straight; Don’t Retaliate
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Why employers should have “No Fear” - Recognizing potential retaliatory situations - Knowledge is power Why employers need to “Get it Straight”
- Step-by-step analysis of a retaliation claim - Preparing a defense
Why employers should not retaliate - Dramatic rise in retaliation claims - The money factor - Practical measures to avoid a retaliation claim
Scope of Presentation
Recognizing Retaliation with Real Life Examples
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SCENE ONE: Sarah’s Sexual Harassment Situation
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- Sarah has a brand new job and a brand new boyfriend. Her new boyfriend is Jake and Jake also happens to be her new boss.
- Sarah’s career with her new job flourishes, but her personal relationship with Jake fizzles.
- Sarah breaks up with Jake and tells him “let’s just be friends.”
- Jake tells Sarah that he wants to be “friends with benefits” and in return he will ensure she continues to be successful in her new job.
- Sarah is appalled and complains about Jake to HR.
EMPLOYEE FACTS
SCENE ONE: Sarah’s Sexual Harassment Situation
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SCENE ONE: Sarah’s Sexual Harassment Situation
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SCENE ONE: Sarah’s Sexual Harassment Situation
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SCENE ONE: Sarah’s Sexual Harassment Situation
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SCENE TWO: Frank’s FMLA Fall-out
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- Frank is an extremely hard worker and he is the lead sales producer in his company’s sales department.
- Frank’s wife is having a baby and Frank asks his manager about taking some time off.
EMPLOYEE FACTS
SCENE TWO: Frank’s FMLA Fall-out
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SCENE TWO: Frank’s FMLA Fall-out
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SCENE TWO: Frank’s FMLA Fall-out
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SCENE TWO: Frank’s FMLA Fall-out
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SCENE THREE: Tina’s Twitter Tantrum
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- Tina is a mid-level advertising executive who recently asked upper management for a wage increase.
- Before management responded to her request, Tina learned that
several lower-ranking employees were being paid a much higher salary than hers.
- Outraged, Tina tweeted a series of unflattering remarks about her employer via her company’s Twitter account.
EMPLOYEE FACTS
SCENE THREE: Tina’s Twitter Tantrum
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SCENE THREE: Tina’s Twitter Tantrum
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SCENE THREE: Tina’s Twitter Tantrum
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SCENE THREE: Tina’s Twitter Tantrum
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Trends in Types of Retaliation Claims
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- Discrimination Complaints
- Family Medical Leave Laws
- Social Media Usage
Trends in Types of Retaliation Claims Discrimination Complaints
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TITLE VII (Civil Rights Act)
- Most common source for retaliation complaints
- The statute’s core anti-retaliation provision:
- It shall be an unlawful employment practice for an employer to discriminate against any of its employees or applicants for employment because he or she has opposed a discriminatory practice or because he or she has made a charge, testified, assisted, or participated in any manner in an investigation, proceeding, or hearing.
Trends in Types of Retaliation Claims Discrimination Complaints
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Continuing Application of Title VII’s Anti-Retaliation Provisions
- Americans with Disabilities Act retaliation provisions
- Age Discrimination in Employment Act retaliation provisions
- State civil rights acts
Trends in Types of Retaliation Claims Family Medical Leave Laws
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An employer is prohibited from interfering with, restraining, or denying the exercise of, or the attempt to exercise, any FMLA right. An employer is prohibited from discriminating or retaliating against an employee or prospective employee for having exercised or attempted to exercise any FMLA right. An employer is prohibited from discharging or in any other way discriminating against any person, whether or not an employee, for opposing or complaining about any unlawful practice under the FMLA.
Trends in Types of Retaliation Claims Family Medical Leave Laws
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Individual Liability? All persons, whether or not employers, are prohibited from discharging or in any other way discriminating against any person, whether or not an employee, because that person has — Filed any charge, has instituted, or caused to be instituted, any proceeding under or related to the FMLA;
Given, or is about to give, any information in connection with an inquiry or proceeding relating to any right under the FMLA; or Testified, or is about to testify, in any inquiry or proceeding relating to a right under the FMLA
Trends in Types of Retaliation Claims Social Media Usage
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Extension of the NLRA to Social Media Usage - Section 7 of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) protects the
rights of employees to act together in “Concerted Activities” to try to improve pay and working conditions, or fix job related problems. This is true even if employees are not part of a union.
- This protection extends to certain work-related conversations conducted on social media, such as Facebook and Twitter.
Trends in Types of Retaliation Claims Social Media Usage
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NLRA’s general definition of “concerted” activity involves more than two employees acting together. However, the NLRA can also protect one employee if his or her actions benefit more than just him or herself.
Step-by-Step Analysis of a Retaliation Claim
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Step 1 • Retaliation
Defined
Step 2 • What
constitutes a “Complaint” vs. a “Gripe”?
Step 3 • How did the
employee respond?
Step 4 • Was adverse
employment action taken?
Step-by-Step Analysis of a Retaliation Claim Definition of Retaliation
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Typical Prima Facie Case of Retaliation - Employee engages in a protected activity - Employer is aware of the activity - Employer takes adverse employment action against the employee - A causal connection exists between the adverse employment action and the protected activity
Step-by-Step Analysis of a Retaliation Claim Protected Activity – Complaint vs Gripe
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Examples of Legitimate Complaints and Protected Activities
- Email complaint to HR about harassing and discriminatory workplace behavior - Verbal complaint to CEO about manager’s inappropriate conduct - Co-worker participation in an internal investigation - Employee’s refusal to carry out management’s orders to only hire “young whippersnappers”
Step-by-Step Analysis of a Retaliation Claim Protected Activity – Complaint vs Gripe
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Examples of Personal Gripes
- Employee complaining about not getting a window or corner office
- Employee’s Facebook posts stating, “I hate my boss…she is so mean!”
- Anonymous complaint to HR that a co-worker parties too much and appears tipsy
- Employee takes a personal leave of absence to stay at home with son during his spring break
Step-by-Step Analysis of a Retaliation Claim Employer Response
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The Silent Killer An employer’s lack of response can be fatal to defending a
retaliation claim.
The Good-Natured Manager A manager who listens to an employee’s complaints and
attempts to reassure and comfort the employee that “it’ll all get better,” but then it doesn’t.
The Eager Beaver An employer who immediately undertakes an internal
investigation and takes prompt remedial action is in compliance with statutory obligations
Step-by-Step Analysis of a Retaliation Claim What Constitutes Adverse Employment Action?
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General standard: The action must affect the terms, conditions, or benefits of
employment
More stringent standard: The action must affect “ultimate employment decisions” such as
hiring, firing, and compensation
Most stringent standard: EEOC Guidance – action that is based on a retaliatory motive that
is reasonably likely to deter the employee from engaging in protected activity
Step-by-Step Analysis of a Retaliation Claim What Constitutes Adverse Employment Action?
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Examples of Retaliatory Adverse Employment Action
Employee suspended for 10 days without pay after reporting that her manager was sexually harassing her
Employee transferred to graveyard shift and demoted from foreman to forklift operator after he testified against the employer in an OSHA investigation
Employee is heavily scrutinized and micro-managed after filing a workers’ compensation claim
Step-by-Step Analysis of a Retaliation Claim What Constitutes Adverse Employment Action?
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Ostracism?
“Papering” an employee’s personnel file?
Transfer to a less prestigious position?
Dramatic Rise in Retaliation Claims
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Why Do We Care About Retaliation Claims? Expensive to defend - attorneys’ fees, emotional distress damages, back pay, punitive damages Vicarious liability
- employer is on the hook for employees’ retaliatory actions even if the employer has an anti-retaliation policy Individual liability - EEOC’s continued focus on retaliation claims
Dramatic Rise in Retaliation Claims
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Notable Statistics - Since 1997, the number and
percentage of retaliation claims (compared to other EEOC claims) has consistently risen
- In FY 2012, the EEOC reported that 37,836 (38.1%) of the total 99,412 charges were for retaliation
- In FY 2012, $177 million were awarded in 7,422 merit resolutions and 3,484 settlements
Dramatic Rise in Retaliation Claims
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The EEOC’s Aggressive Pursuit - In 2013, 30% of all claims pursued by the EEOC were retaliation claims
- Under the Obama Administration, the EEOC revamped itself
operationally and has gone after private sector employers resulting in the highest monetary recovery record ever in 2013 - $372.1 million
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Proactive Measures to Avoid a Claim
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Insist on a Respectful Workplace
Key to avoiding retaliation claim is avoiding the underlying conduct Do not gossip or divulge details about the allegations to those who are not in a “need to know” capacity Train managers to control natural instinct to retaliate when attacked by an accusation (even if it is false)
Proactive Measures to Avoid a Claim
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Follow Your Own Policies and Procedures
BE CONSISTENT! - Inconsistent treatment of different employees can lead to retaliation
claims - Inconsistent treatment of even the same employee can lead to
retaliation claims - Inconsistent treatment makes it easy for a jury to make comparisons,
which can lead to a disastrous outcome for an employer trying to defend a retaliation lawsuit
Proactive Measures to Avoid a Claim
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Implement a Clearly Communicated Complaint Process
1. Designate member(s) of management who will intake grievances and complaints
2. Outline the employer’s response procedures 3. Develop an action plan for preventing future misconduct
Proactive Measures to Avoid a Claim
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Follow the Golden Rule in Employment
DOCUMENT! DOCUMENT! DOCUMENT! DOCUMENT!
Proactive Measures to Avoid a Claim
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Be Honest in Evaluating and Disciplining Employees
- Performance evaluations, wage increases, and promotions
- Job transfers
- Job references
No Fear: Get it Straight; Don’t Retaliate
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What About the Employer’s Rights?
If an employer refrains from retaliating against an employee and gets its policies and implementation of such policies straight, then the employer should be confident and have no fear in making legitimate employment decisions when it comes to all members of its workforce.
Questions & Answers
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Truth Fisher, Esq. Advisors Law Group, LLP
Thank you for attending.
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