Enhancement of photosynthesis (CO2 uptake) and …...2013/12/24 · 1 Enhancement of photosynthesis...
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1 Enhancement of photosynthesis (CO 2 uptake) and plant growth through the promotion of stomatal opening A step forward towards improving crop production and reducing atmospheric CO 2 Nagoya, Japan – By determining the key factor in regulating photosynthesis and plant growth, scientists, Prof. Toshinori Kinoshita, Dr. Yin Wang and co-workers at Nagoya University’s WPI Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), have succeeded in developing a method to increase photosynthesis (CO 2 uptake) and plant growth through the promotion of stomatal opening. The study, published in the online Early Edition (EE) the week of December 23, 2013 of Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (PNAS), is expected to contribute to the promotion of plant production and towards the development of a sustainable low-carbon society. Stomata close Stomata open Sun light Abscisic acid High CO 2 Dark 20 µm Guard cells CO 2 H 2 O, O 2 Prevent water loss Drought resistance CO 2 uptake, transpiration Photosynthesis (leaf) Nutrient transport (root) Figure 1. Stomatal movement (an example of Commelina plant) Light induces stomatal opening. Abscisic acid (a phytohormone synthesis respond to drought stress), high CO 2 , dark may induce stomatal closure. Stomata pore is the essen?al pathway of CO 2 uptake for photosynthesis. Stomata are small pores located on the surface of leaves that control gas exchange with the external environment, and are the primary inlet for the uptake of CO 2 (Figure 1). “Stomatal resistance, which suppresses gas exchange through the stomata, is considered to be the major limiting factor for CO 2 uptake by plants during photosynthesis,” explains Prof. Kinoshita, “very few reports have existed focusing on the induction of stomatal opening. Therefore, we decided to develop a method to manipulate stomatal opening in view of increasing photosynthesis (CO 2 uptake) and plant production.”
Transcript of Enhancement of photosynthesis (CO2 uptake) and …...2013/12/24 · 1 Enhancement of photosynthesis...
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Enhancement of photosynthesis (CO2 uptake) and plant growth through the promotion of stomatal opening
A step forward towards improving crop production and reducing atmospheric CO2
Nagoya, Japan – By determining the key factor in regulating photosynthesis and plant growth, scientists,
Prof. Toshinori Kinoshita, Dr. Yin Wang and co-workers at Nagoya University’s WPI Institute of
Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), have succeeded in developing a method to increase
photosynthesis (CO2 uptake) and plant growth through the promotion of stomatal opening. The study,
published in the online Early Edition (EE) the week of December 23, 2013 of Proceedings of the
National Academy of Science (PNAS), is expected to contribute to the promotion of plant production
and towards the development of a sustainable low-carbon society.
Stomata close � Stomata open�
Sun light�
Abscisic acid High CO2
Dark�20 µm
Guard cells�
CO2
H2O, O2
Prevent water loss�
Drought resistance�
CO2 uptake, transpiration�
Photosynthesis (leaf) Nutrient transport (root)�
Figure'1.'Stomatal'movement'(an'example'of'Commelina'plant)'�Light& induces& stomatal& opening.& Abscisic& acid& (a& phytohormone& synthesis& respond& to& drought&stress),&high&CO2,&dark&may& induce&stomatal&closure.&Stomata&pore& is& the&essen?al&pathway&of&CO2&uptake&for&photosynthesis.�
Stomata are small pores located on the surface of leaves that control gas exchange with the external
environment, and are the primary inlet for the uptake of CO2 (Figure 1). “Stomatal resistance, which
suppresses gas exchange through the stomata, is considered to be the major limiting factor for CO2
uptake by plants during photosynthesis,” explains Prof. Kinoshita, “very few reports have existed
focusing on the induction of stomatal opening. Therefore, we decided to develop a method to manipulate
stomatal opening in view of increasing photosynthesis (CO2 uptake) and plant production.”
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H+-ATPase
Kin-channel +
K+ K+ K+
Malate2- Cl- H2O
Blue light�
Phototropin
Figure'2.'The'mechanism'of'light5induced'stomatal'opening'When%the%guard%cells%are%illuminated%with%sun%light,%phototropins%respond%to%the%blue%light%and%transduce%the% light%signal% into%the%downstream,%and%then% lead%to%the%ac6va6on%of% the%plasma%membrane% H+;ATPase% through% the% phosphoryla6on.% The% ac6vated% H+;ATPase% induces%hyperpolariza6on%of%plasma%membrane%and%provides%driving%force%for%K+%uptake%through%the%K+%channel% in% the% plasma%membrane.% Accumula6on% of% K+% in% guard% cells% induces% the% swelling% of%guard%cells%and%stomatal%opening.%%
Kinoshita’s group has already revealed some of the key factors that mediate stomatal opening (Figure 2).
The plasma membrane H+-ATPase, an enzyme creating the membrane electrochemical gradients, has
been identified as one of the key components. “An increase in photosynthesis (CO2 uptake) by
approximately 15% and a 1.4~1.6 times increase in plant growth of Arabidopsis plants was observed by
enhanced stomatal opening achieved by overexpressing the plasma membrane H+-ATPase in guard cells
surrounding the stomata,” elaborates Prof. Kinoshita (Figure 3).
Prof. Kinoshita and his co-workers envisage that application of this method will contribute to the
increase in the production of crops and fuel plants as well as towards the reduction of CO2 in the
atmosphere. “Identifying that the manipulation of stomatal opening is the key limiting factor in
photosynthesis and plant growth enables us to consider strategies to solve current issues in food
production and carbon emissions.”
This article “Overexpression of plasma membrane H+-ATPase in guard cells promotes light-induced
stomatal opening and enhances plant growth” by Yin Wang, Ko Noguchi, Natsuko Ono, Shin-ichiro
Inoue, Ichiro Terashima, and Toshinori Kinoshita, is to be published on the online Early Edition (EE) in
the week of December 23, 2013 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (PNAS).
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WT TG�
WT TG�
WT TG�
B (25-day)�
WT ��������TG�
D (45-day)�A (25-day)�
C (25-day)�
Figure' 3.' Comparison' of' plant' growth' between' wild8type' plant' (WT)' and' H+8ATPase'overexpression'plant'(TG)!The! TG! plant! produced! larger! and! increased! numbers! of! rose6e! leaves! with! about! 42–63%!
greater! fresh!and!dry!weights! than!WT!plants! for!25Bday! (A~C).!Moreover,! the!dry!weights!of!
total! flowering! stems! in!45BdayBold!TG!plants! (D),! including! seeds,! siliques,! and!flowers,!were!
about!36–41%!greater!than!those!of!the!WT!under!the!same!growth!condiOons.�
This work was supported in part by the Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research Development Program from the Japan Science and Technology Agency and conducted with Professor Ichiro Terashima and Associate Professor Ko Noguchi of the University of Tokyo.
The following program supported this work. Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) Strategic Basic Research Program Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program (ALCA) Research Project: Promotion of photosynthesis and plant productivity through manipulation of stomatal aperture Research Representative: Professor Toshinori Kinoshita (Nagoya University Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules) Research Period: February 2010 – March 2016 (expected)
The JST ALCA program contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the mid and long term and to the realization of a wealthy, low carbon society, aiming to make conceptual breakthroughs and creating “Game-Changing Technology”. ALCA promotes R&D of new basic high-potential scientific knowledge and discovery in order to realize the continual and steady reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. About WPI-ITbM The World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI) for the Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM) at Nagoya University in Japan is committed to advance the integration of synthetic chemistry, plant / animal biology and theoretical science, all of which are traditionally strong fields in the university. As part of the Japanese science ministry’s MEXT program, ITbM aims to develop transformative bio-molecules, innovative functional molecules capable of bringing about fundamental change to biological science and technology in a Mix-Lab system, where international young researchers from multidisciplinary fields work together. Through these endeavors, ITbM will create “transformative bio-molecules” that will dramatically change the way of research in chemistry, biology and other related fields to solve urgent problems, such as environmental issues, food production and medical technology that have a significant impact on society.
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Author Contact Professor Toshinori Kinoshita Nagoya University Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) Furo-Cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan TEL/FAX: +81-52-789-4778 E-mail: [email protected] Public Relations Contact Dr. Ayako Miyazaki Nagoya University Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Research Promotion Division Furo-Cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan TEL: +81-52-789-4999 FAX: +81-52-789-3240 E-mail: [email protected] Nagoya University Public Relations Office TEL:052-789-2016 FAX:052-788-6272 E-mail: [email protected]
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