Engr. (Dr.) Ayodele. A. EsanEngr. (Dr.) Ayodele. A. EsanEngr. (Dr.) Ayodele. A. EsanEngr. (Dr.) Ayodele. A. Esan, FNSETechnical Director / CEO

UNIDO – RC SHP in Africa Abuja, Nigeria

Paper presented at the West African Power Industry Convention (WPaper presented at the West African Power Industry Convention (WPaper presented at the West African Power Industry Convention (WPaper presented at the West African Power Industry Convention (WAPIC), APIC), APIC), APIC),

Le Meridien Presidential Hotel, Dakar, Senegal.Le Meridien Presidential Hotel, Dakar, Senegal.Le Meridien Presidential Hotel, Dakar, Senegal.Le Meridien Presidential Hotel, Dakar, Senegal.6666thththth ----9999thththth December 2010,December 2010,December 2010,December 2010,

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� EEEEconomic CCCCommunity of West African SSSStates (CEDEAO), (1975 )

� 15 countries; 262 million (2005) and 325

million (2015)

� 62 % of the population, rural areas

� 13 of 15 countries categorized as LDCs

� Per capita income : $US 1,3 per day

� Population Growth rate – 2.65%p.a (av.)

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� 30% Crude oil and LNG (3,107 MT.)

� 31% Natural Gas (3,581bm3)

� Hydroelectricity Capacity – 2,390 MW◦ 16% exploitation level

� 5 Countries – Nigeria (37.6%); Guinea (25.8%); Ghana (11.4%); Cote d’Ivoire (10.9%); Sierra Leone (5.2%)

◦ Sunlight potential of 5KWh/sq.m/day

◦ Important wind potential – coastal and Saharan zones

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◦ Energy Supply� Depletable, Polluting Resources

� Fossil fuels

� Impact Environment, Bio-diversity, Ozone Layers, Desertification

◦ Energy Needs by 2010� Increase of 28,000 MW (IEA)

◦ Energy Poverty� Africa’s great challenge

◦ Access to Modern Energy Services / Technology� Majority no access

◦ Lack of Access Impact� Social and Environmental Consequences

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◦ Improving Africa’s Energy Situation� Vital – MDGs’ attainment

� Poverty and Health Targets

◦ Africa’s Energy Potential Untapped� Large in Renewables and Non-Renewables

◦ Africa’s Hydropower Potential� Attractive Option

� Meeting Energy Needs

◦ Rural Development Programmes� Demands Reliable Electricity

� Rural Areas

� Meet Power Demands in Services� Water pumping

� Storage of medicines / vaccines

� Rural industries

� Powering Communities Centres

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◦ Similarly, Electricity Provision - Traditionally� Extension Services of Grid Transmission

� Heavily laden by Expensive Equipment and overhead costs

� Decentralized Renewable Energy Systems

� Mini/Micro hydro

� Cheaper

� Extension of National grid

� Communities at 50,000.0 USD / kw

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◦ Produced mainly from Hydropower and fossil fuels� Electricity Consumption

� Very low to other D.C.

* 1/3 of Latin America

* Per Capita basis

◦ Table 1: Electricity Consumption in ECOWAS

◦ Lowest per capita consumption - 24kwh

◦ Average per capita consumption - 404kwh

◦ Europe’s average p.c. consumption- 3,750kwh

◦ Access to electricity less than 20% SSA

� Rural areas access - 2-3%

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•16 % of hydro electric potential exploited.

•Abundance of Hydro-carbons

•Less than 10% of the rural population have Access to Energy Services

•80 % of primary energy requirements met by traditional biomass for domestic purposes (cooking, heating, agricultural processing)

•Family energy needs met largely by women and girls.

•Low levels of public services (education, health etc) impacted by lack of energy

•Rural jobs and agricultural value addition limited by lack of energy

Achieving the MDGs will require Increased Access to EnergyAchieving the MDGs will require Increased Access to EnergyAchieving the MDGs will require Increased Access to EnergyAchieving the MDGs will require Increased Access to Energy

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West Africa is endowed with Energy Resources, the problem is:

◦ How do we ensure the common

development and utilisation of these

resources?

◦ How do we boost investment in the region?

◦ When will rural people get modern energy

services ?

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� UNIDO Mission ◦ Focuses on Poverty Relief

� Fostering Production Growth

◦ Mobilizes Knowledge, Skills, Technology

� Promote Productive Employment

� Competitive Economy and sound Environment

� Rural energy initiative◦ Focus on productive use

� SHP, Biomass, Wind, Solar.

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� Tailor-made Solutions in meeting Rural Energy Demands◦ Tech. Assistance Programme in D.C.

� South-South Cooperation / Technology Transfer

� Facilitates Improvements in Productivity◦ Rural Enterprises

◦ Quality of Life of Rural Communities / individuals

� Achieved through Productive Energy Use◦ Agriculture, Rural SME Development

◦ Empowerment of Rural Communities.

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CountryCountryCountryCountry Location Location Location Location Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity Energy Use Energy Use Energy Use Energy Use

Nigeria 1. Enugu2. Waya3. Taraba

40kW150kW400kW

Agro processing, ICT connectivity, rural lighting

Mozambique 2 sites 2 x 75 kW

Uganda 1. Bundi Bugya2. Bwindi

75kW26kW

Tanzania 1. Rukwa 2. Kinko

75kW12kW

Mali (Pipeline)

1. Farako 12. Farako 2 3. Sira

Korbougou

75kW100kW3-5kW

Ghana(ongoing)

Tsatsadu falls 2 x 30kW CFC for BC, Agro processing, ICT connectivity

� Promotion / Acceleration� Sustainable Development in the Region� Development of cost-effective Technology◦ Local equipment, materials and labour◦ Providing training / awareness programmes on RET (SHP)

� Consultancy Programmes◦ Comprehensive implementation� RES / SHP

� Pre-Feasibility Reports� Complete Investigations� Planning, Designs and Execution� Techno-Economic Appraisal� R & D/Monitoring of Projects

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� URC has been providing professional services in the field of Small Hydropower Development specifically for the following:◦ Refurbishment Projects

◦ Detailed Project Reports

◦ Sites Identification and Investigations (studies)

◦ Technical Specifications of Turn Key execution / equipment Supply etc

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� RC assists Member States◦ Strengthening National Capacities and Skills

� Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania August 2010

� Kampala, Uganda, October 2010

� Impact on Energy Decision workers in the region

� Activate / Establish relationship with Member States◦ Growing National Programmes

� Energy Services Cos.

� IPP

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� Liaison with Regional Economic Institutions◦ UN, AU, AFREC, etc.

� Liaison◦ Multilateral Agencies, etc

� Collaborate with Potential Partners◦ UN Agencies, WB, CIDA, EU, etc

◦ AU, AFREC, AfDB, OLADE, etc

◦ SADC, ECOWAS, COMESA, UEMOA, etc.

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�Geo-Political zones Workshops◦6 zones

◦Varying themes� Issues involved in SHP� Planning, Development etc.

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� Data Collection, Policy Issues, Planning/Design◦ N.E. Zone, 2004, (50 participants)

� Feasibility Report Writing/Financing of SHP◦ S.W. Zone, 2005, (60 participants)

� Detailed Project Report Writing/CAD Simulation◦ S.S.Zone,2005, 30 (participants) – Benin, Edo State

� Pump as Turbine/CDM Applications◦ S.S. Zone, 2006, (60 participants) – Calabar, Cross River

� CDM Financing Options/CAD Simulation◦ N.C. Zone, 2007, (55 participants)

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� Locally in Nigeria ◦ Training of Trainers

� Nigeria

� Workshops, Seminars

� Internationally◦ Hangzhou, China

◦ Roorkee, India

◦ ICH, Norway

� Training Courses – African Experts (A.1)

� On – the – job training

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� Waya Dam, Bauchi, N.E◦ 2 x 75KW

� Ezioha-Mgbowo, Enugu, S.E◦ 35KW

� Tunga Dam, Taraba, N.E◦ 2 x 200KW

� UNIDO Documentary on Waya Pilot SHP◦ Circulation.

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� Capacity building workshop◦ 6 geo-political zones� Completed in 2009

� Expert group meeting◦ ECOWAS sub-region� 2007

� Training modules for various target groups◦ Developed in 2008/2009

� Technical capacity increase in ECOWAS states◦ On-the-job Trainees.

� Technology transfer SHP equipment◦ Turbine manufacturing in Nigeria� Djakarta, Indonesia (Nov/Dec. 2010)

� Entec Sweden

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� Technical assistance to SHP Projects in Nigeria – A.2

� Contacts established for Technical assistance◦ Madagascar, Liberia, Sierra-Leone,

◦ D.R. Congo, Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania.

� Detailed Project Report (DPR) prepared by RC for 8 number sites

� Workplan for implementation of SHP projects for 3 number sites (Osun State)

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� RC hosted 4th International SHP Forum in Abuja, Nigeria- IC SHP Hangzhou, China (2008)

� Coordinated on-the-job training for professionals from countries in Africa at IC-SHP Hangzhou, China.

� ECOWAS Centre Renew. Ener. and Ener. Effic.( ECREEE; Cape Verde)◦ MoU for collaboration.

� 2011

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� IC-SHP, Hangzhou, China◦ 20-30 Professionals

� Ministry of Energy, Water Resources� Energy Commission of Nigeria� Energy Research Centres� Private Sectors, NGOs

� AHEC,Roorkee,India◦ 15-20 Professionals

� River Basins,� Energy Commission of Nigeria� Private Sector, NGOs

� ICH,. Trondheim, Norway� 5-10 Professionals

� On-the-Job Training, Hangzhou, China◦ 4 Professionals

� Energy Commission – 1 no� River Basins – 3 no.

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� Appropriation Bill 2010◦ Provision for 6 sites� 5 states

� Bank of Industry/CBN Energy Infrastructure Intervention◦ 7 states Industrial Parks

� Technical assistance outcome:◦ Nigeria – 270 sites (identified)◦ Africa – A.3� SHP identified sites:

� Summary of sites in Nigeria – A.4 / A.5

� SHP potential sites in Nigeria – 70 no, A.6

� Sites for Investment in Nigeria – 8, A.2

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� Training of Trainers

� UN Joint Program on Environment◦ SHP Capacity Building Program

� COET, University of Daar-es-Salaam

� August 2010

� 24 Participants

� Kinko Documentary in circulation

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Power output: 10kWDesign Flow: 0.1m3/sHead: 18mHeadrace canal: 500mPenstock length: 50mNearest house: 250mScheme: Run-off-riverTurbine: PATGenerator: Synchronous, 25kVAControl: ELC, Damp

LoadPenstock: PVC pipe,

D.355mm, 4kg/cm2

Geographical LocationGeographical LocationGeographical LocationGeographical Location

4.14.14.14.14.14.14.14.1 Kinko UNIDO Pilot SHPKinko UNIDO Pilot SHPKinko UNIDO Pilot SHPKinko UNIDO Pilot SHPKinko UNIDO Pilot SHPKinko UNIDO Pilot SHPKinko UNIDO Pilot SHPKinko UNIDO Pilot SHP

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� The scheme is managed locally (by the formed village committee) and overseen by the local government authority and the implementing agencies

Village general council

Executive committee

Technical subcommittee

Administrativesubcommittee

Financial subcommittee

Operation, maintenance, etc

Collecting and managing revenues

Planning for meetings,leadership agenda, etc

Implementing Agencies, Local Authorities

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� UNIDO: International Consultation, project supervision, electromechanical equipment, civil work construction and transmission work materials

� TaTEDO: National Consultation, project supervision, mobilization of resources, civil work construction materials

� Tanga Cement Company: Contributed 13 tons of cement

� Celtel Tanzania: Provided free internet connectivity for the period of one year

� District Authority: Contributed 40 bags of cement and 60m3

of sand

� Villagers: In kind contribution – Workforce on civil works

POWER OF PARTNERSHIPPOWER OF PARTNERSHIPPOWER OF PARTNERSHIPPOWER OF PARTNERSHIPPOWER OF PARTNERSHIPPOWER OF PARTNERSHIPPOWER OF PARTNERSHIPPOWER OF PARTNERSHIP31

� Civil works: ~ US$ 15,000

� Equipment (including freight charges): ~ US$ 15,000

� Power Distribution Network: ~ US$ 20,000

� Other costs include:

� Expertise and Administrative

CONTRIBUTIONS BY STAKEHOLDERS

StakeholderPercentage contribution

UNIDO 70.3%

TaTEDO 17.9%

Local Authorities (60 m3 sand and 40 cement bags) 1.2%

Private sector (260 cement bags) 2.0%

Villagers Workforce 8.6%

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� Training of Trainers

� SHP Capacity Building Program◦ CREEC, Fac. Of Tech.

� Makere University Kampala

� October 2010

� 20 Participants

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Action Duration

W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10

W11

W12

W13

W14

W15

W16

W17

W18

W19

W20

W21

W22

Responsi-bility

Remarks

Setting up of teams

2 weeks

Trained participants

Approval of management

Undertake Reconnaissance studies for identification of potential sites

3 weeks

Team topographical maps, Field trip expenditure

Undertake Pre-feasibility study for the sites

5 weeks

Team Field trip expenditure

Pre-feasibility study reports writing

2 weeks

Team Administrative /secretarial support

Appraisal of Pre-feasibility study reports

1 week UNIDO,CREEC, GTZ

Venue CREEC

Undertake Feasibility studies

4 weeks

Team Study grants required

Feasibility study reports writing

2 weeks

Team Administrative /secretarial supp

Evaluation for sites from feasibility studies

2 weeks

CREEC/UNIDO/GTZ

Venue CREEC

Recommendation by UNIDO

consideration for further projects development

Possible Sources of fundsPossible Sources of fundsPossible Sources of fundsPossible Sources of fundsUNIDO, PSFU, CBOs, UWA, LGMSDP, MEMD, MUK UNIDO, PSFU, CBOs, UWA, LGMSDP, MEMD, MUK UNIDO, PSFU, CBOs, UWA, LGMSDP, MEMD, MUK UNIDO, PSFU, CBOs, UWA, LGMSDP, MEMD, MUK ---- FOTFOTFOTFOT

◦ Subsidy to local communities

◦ Technical backstopping

◦ Hardware for projects

◦ District administration

◦ Productive use hardware

� External Donor Grants – UNDP, WB,

�Carbon/Micro Finance

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◦ Strengthening H.R

� Technical / Managerial Skills

◦ Deliver / Manage Micro Schemes

� Energy Services

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S/N

COUNTRY NUMBER OF EXPERTS

1 Benin 22 Burkina Faso 13 Burundi 24 Cameroon 55 Central Africa Republic 1

6 Congo DR 27 Congo Brazzaville 28 Cote d’Ivoire 29 Ethiopia 410 Egypt 211 Gambia 112 Gabon 113 Ghana 614 Kenya 515 Lesotho 416 Liberia 517 Madagascar 118 Malawi 519 Mali 220 Mauritius 221 Mozambique 222 Namibia 123 Nigeria 1324 Rwanda 125 Sierra Leone 226 Senegal 127 Somalia 128 South Africa 129 Sudan 530 Uganda 431 Tanzania 632 Togo 233 Tunisia 134 Zimbabwe 435 Zambia 2

A.1A.1A.1A.1

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BANKABLE DETAILED PROJECT REPORTS FOR SMALL HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA A.2A.2A.2A.2

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S/N Country Potential Sites EstimatedPower [MW]

Stage

1. Algeria - - -2. Angola 12 1/0.05 Identification3. Botswana 12 - -4. Burundi 3 2/30 -5. Cameroon 5 6/615 Underdeveloped

6. Central African Republic 6 - -

7. Chad 3 - -8. Comoros - - -9. Republic of Congo 12 - -

10. Democratic Republic of Congo

4 - -

11. Djibouti 2 - -12. Egypt 13 29.1 -13. Equatorial Guinea 5 - -

14. Eritrea - - -15. Ethiopia 8 133.30 -16. Gabon 2 126.0 -17. Gambia - - -18. Guinea Bissau 2 - -19. Kenya 5 1509 -20. Lesotho 5 - -21. Libya 1 - -22. Madagascar 12 - -23. Malawi 8 0.950 -24. Mauritiania - - -25. Mauritius - - -26. Morocco 3 - -27. Mozambique 8 - -28. Namibia 7 - -29. Nigeria 270 3,454.3530. Rwanda 4 - -31. Republic of Sao Tome - - -

31. Seychelles - - -32. Somalia 3 - -33. South Africa 4 - -34. Sudan 3 - -35. Swailzaland - - -36. Tanzania 3 - -37. Tunisia 8 13.2 -38. Republic of Uganda 43 1955.3 -

39. Western Sahara - - -40. Zambia 2 - -41. Zimbabwe - - -

A.3A.3A.3A.3

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SUMMARY OF SOME SHP SITES IN NIGERIA

S/N STATE POTENTIAL SITES

CUMMULATIVE POWER ESTIMATE [MW]

1ADAMAWA 3 28.6

2*AKWA IBOM 13

3*BAUCHI 1 0.15

4* BENUE 101.306 (1 site)5*CROSS RIVER 7 3

6DELTA 1 17EBONYI 5 1.3998*EDO 6 3.8289*EKITI 6 1.2472

10*ENUGU 111*FCT 612GOMBE 2 35.09913*IMO 7114*KADUNA 33 34.56815KANO 2 1416*KATSINA 11 234.3417*KEBBI 118*KOGI 2 1.0519*NASARAWA 3 0.45420NIGER 11 110.5821OGUN 13 15.6122ONDO 1 1.323*OSUN 8 2.62224OYO 3 1.06225*PLATEAU 14 89.126SOKOTO 127TARABA 9 134.7228YOBE 52929*ZAMFARA*ZAMFARA 163030KWARAKWARA 4 5.2

269

A.4

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A.5

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Rank HDIRank HDIRank HDIRank HDI Electricity consumption Electricity consumption Electricity consumption Electricity consumption per capita.per capita.per capita.per capita.kWh kWh kWh kWh ---- 2001200120012001

Consumption Traditional Consumption Traditional Consumption Traditional Consumption Traditional energies % of total needsenergies % of total needsenergies % of total needsenergies % of total needs

Cape Verde 105 102 ---

Ghana 131 404 84.60%

Togo 143 125 88.60%

Nigeria 151 154 82.30%

The Gambia 155 95 71.40%

Senegal 157 151 72.50%

Guinea 160 97 90.60%

Benin 161 75 81.90%

Cote d’Ivoire 163 233 75.10%

Guinea Bissau 172 43 66.70%

Mali 174 34 88.30%

Burkina Faso 175 24 91.70%

Niger 176 41 77.30%

Sierra Leone 177 55 92.00%

Liberia nd nd nd

ECOWASECOWASECOWASECOWAS 116 81.76%

Sub-Saharan Africa 495 62.60%

OECD 8503 4.50%

World 2361 10.70%

Source: UNDP Source: UNDP Source: UNDP Source: UNDP –––– Human Development Report 2004Human Development Report 2004Human Development Report 2004Human Development Report 2004

� KINDLY JOIN HANDS

� URC-SHP in Africa, Abuja, Nigeria

� Making SHP Contribute to Africa’s Energy Future

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