D739.F6713no.P-150c.2Pgn MS

ENGLISH COPY

GERMAN MILITARY LITERATURE

DECLASSIFIED

HISTORICAL DIVISION HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES ARMY, EUROPE

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MS f 8.180

a. D. Fraat

Ms mrvny of UOTWWI military lltcrat«i» «&« coiiplotod l»y

a. i.'. ilcdnrlch <*w»oh«ol»r«D<lt , an of fleer w*li 'i«.sillfi«d for thi*

ta*K by His work on, «llitft^f' Hwtory ncA

d»r Infrnteri» a. 5. Dr. ^'alda^ir Srfurfeh

iau -.u« bibliography and In co8q>l»llag thi»

1,1 th* introSucliois the ^rtthor a^lalat th« prlaelpl»»

he ahotti th«s« works from the m.-npr0}»««Miva neop* of StfmKn «lHt«rjr

llt'ir^tutra. Th» s*l*otioss ghow an ttaa?,u%ll3r profottaA knowl«dce of

llt*ratur» nx*. 1 mgrta vlth hi a ehol«««,

' r«atin< th period e-efore %'orld fear I and tfe* psriod af%*r it in

two »0pamt* ohupt»r« ( the antber d^>* f* brief «wirv*y of the d«T*loj>.

of 0«cwttt wlHtajry litsratars ^Yin£ t,h« nlBOt*«ath and twontleth

/ (mtta*r&tta£ th« l»&dla£ Geraam euthorit and

books. Bi^iio^r^bj represent a a con«cl*ntloae 8*l»otio« fros

mill lory lltwrj*tur». .feven In tiie eye» of th« nost unoo^proail»lng

th«sw books taw of st^rwa* ieport mc« to lh« d»»«lop««nt of military

Slgoodt frana Kaldwr

MS * K.100 -L-

CHM THl

Tb» jNLWLiacmglqr apt>o».do4 to ta|» study oootfda* only ouch nlllt«ry

p**liea*ioa« a* ea& oo eouatoA MM** **» olat«ical unto of

litoratoro. It ! Intend** to offo* * »ol*atloa of book* tlutt

lnflu«ao»4 ttu» thvovy of -wwr d»el»tir*ly and hanr» %«a«wi of *r*«% eoa-

»0qa«ae« in tlx» ln»«ll«ct«al d«r»lop»«ot of «ltt Ownwa Anqr.

Sneh « ll»t «*a fe* «Mi fur v«rl«wi p«rp»«««. In erd*r %« »&k»

it «« v*r**ttl» MI p**«ibl* it h»* MMH eM^li«4 la »t*eh a fashion MI

to wrro, toc*tH»r with fcM* study, A* A * *£» for lootoma om ta«tio»

and o ̂ oration* «t Hit««7 «e&&miot «&d othor Krvio*

ttfej*ets, taah. & forUfio«Uon«, t«otio«

, air wurfar* mA B*T»I w&rf&r«. altl»«iii taoy

pwrt of Military litoraturo, haro not IM«B iftelo4«d.

by tn» Gr»At Ooaoffai Staff on iUtary hi story1 , taroatlm tlio lapoioonio

<md tJa* tl«Mi ttp to iorid Va? II, h»T» oooa onittvd ao voil at

a««oir« «ad oiocrapfei«« of fawouw «Hit»ry loadoro ,<eae othar ailitary3

. loaoarawi troatiooo on front-lino oorrieo «»6 taotiet

also &ooa oaittod. Only a fov standard Itook* on opori«tim« woro iaoludod

ffeoy aro a«otioa«d in my «tudy "Qtti4« to th» Study of>a«tory and Military Kiotori»er«ptoy la Oaraaay in tho ninotoonthand twwntioth ooatttry."

For inntanoo lao^i^ Hgr 0«zieri»ll«at£uuit a.B. Balok, tranalatod into «a«y laausffoo «a« "

lxa« boon

lorlA lart. Bar 11 n, H*oa*olMtdtt

MS * p-iao -a.

on aooomt of thoi* irtaouMi

Ma»y fffotHjMO. fonwrtjr *ho oal^oolMi of ibouMMl atooaooloa, loot thoir

^tdiifiooMO la th» U*t of tho o^poftoaooo of «ov!4 ikro I *»4 II.

Hoajr «llitarj onttovo MPO fo««ott«i toA^r tiw «MV« «MO eoa»14tr«d tho

00% o»totmil,ng of tholr Uao. 3o«o of tholr «o« ooo»loto

tin po*-tooo * oorttkia m««uiiBe ftw owr ago, for thor

itragi^o ovor tho »o«t l^pMrtottl, MM! fwworly aswh AiooooooA,

of w«om v«rf«ro. fhooo «ti%«ro efto» woro yioaoox

of aow iioao «MU thorofero, thotr l«porfe«oo for

In ttu> Bikllocn^kgr ovo «ark«4 \dth * nvibw thooo *%«ad«rd voifco

widelt » jrowic offtow ohottld vooA. flw oHimr %ook* wnttto»ot «ro of

oooo»da«y i%ertaaao.

tiaoo tho T«l«o MUI ioswrtonoo of a tetoaUfio piKUooltOtt «« only

owoottjr if *ho H»o a»d oliMWMtoaooo of 1%« ofi<ttt aro

Into oooowil, **• Wok« IB tho Bmio*mphy ha^o MM* onta^ratod

in feolr ordov of fO%li««tiom. tbio «ho«14 oaoUo tho «ofeol«r to fom

a oio«r oenoopt oo to tho i«nO.opMmt of toymia ifeoofioo oa M^rfarv;

this wooid too* oloo HM loot wir t» *Woh to %OOOMI ooipoiiitoA with

tho train of thot*«ht whi«h ooo^itoA mo hoot totlfto of «ho Oonwa Anqr

froa Cl»tt**wit« to iohUoffMi »* l*t«r.

1 Othoy vo^co «ot ll«t«i im tho ItoUocvoiir hMW MW Imalttdod la tho MNMMOO of tholr volao for

m f

lactaaao, th* fg»«timi

would |N»

vat

IUMI aall*&

CHAJTJS 2

U1SHUTUIIS

XI »f

WOELD Wft X

»«liK*tft*

of »«»»nt/i.ft«r

of «* rrri«w«

et**f»r of

of of

la

. tin

la th«

INI lw%««r

la

of

til t«« kind.

1% mt ey

of Fr^srlck XI. ftr«a«l«»o4 «»4 «fl«Dt«%od

(Hl.torlc*! MA SttUM. 1907), p 309.

la

»f

Owl VM

. St ««tft

of

ho «rolo,

, tte

ItMort. A. taiwol

»3S

«M|iar*a wit* ma* of t&ai* f*r a»*y t«&r» that *ppa** ta 4ft* ikiiaa& aya avaa laa* a£t«* t&tp a**» laft tha tpti *&«» «* «•*

Malmrto. ron Kaltkt, pupil la t«io offie«r it« h««d, «*•* amch to tola, an

«*«• XrajUMffV •ven sy«yt«^-i«rl»^^i8Ti»* »«bsdtt«d to vea ««!«» a graft far th» fo*^w>rd t« th« nev edition ef T«M &• *tr«*M4 that «• o«w Cl*«*«wlt» vwfjr, rwry MMiu 1»% oaljr Moltk* bolld M* HHttMttC on that of ClietMviti. Hit •» a tt«4y of all tit* ««n«raJ» «fao fought th* *f «t«fi«Bt tMOW of 185« and 18TKU71. on* la tha S»nwai Jurar 1*0 ««• t»«4chi«« alwftt «arfar* wfwrad 3jr or «ab««MKd0m»ljr to CI&tta*i4t», «tao« oo«q»ar*d to Mil othar aaA littl* to »«y oa «trai««r.

ct tewvwr, did oat attract tha attantloa of•of tha offl*ar* «orpa aa MMfe *t wottld h*»» INNM daoiraala. Maout fav ateol*A hftv vttfttn tharotijfliljr* Ha IMMI roa^wrawl WMM as a all!twry

Aa efflttMr ca&artUjr if atr* ittollatd totmrd* tha praofeiaal »lda of 11 f» g&4. wbam laaldHf vatvartlt|r tralnta^* <••«* aat paoa»»* tha

only l*tar la 11 f*. Of 0M»rw( MM* eh«?ptara of Qlausavlt* 1 ! we«k(•«p«elaliy thaa* daaltiag **th tnotieal t|a«*tlfttt** ha»» baan raadarad

th» great ^MBdM ia w«rfat« terla< th» l«*t haadirad

(Ka» aada* I taw ?ho»). B.rlin, ^ttl.r, 1»23),

Bovovor. dtfOMiftts'* tfcooiio* mi war and warfare »• w*il CM hi*

en th« rel« wMoh «plrltu»X for*** i-lay ta «ajrtl»* sate hl»

Hie work c«a *» precxorly «ppro<Jlrt«4 oaly «*•» it 1* re^wrded a« -m ostity.

Only th*m oaa lt» f?*ftt ?Mlo»ophioal

tl«« &t >f«ll «§ 1%» «r»»t iap«rtanc« for th«

Ho lator m,the

Up to th» Bddil* of tb» nlnflt«i3nth «ntm7» aillttry thinklai; In

4 V Joaiai'a id»a.§. tfeua, jsany of

of

tm id*l. cencrurrtd vlth «i«

»Jall oft iaoffir llne« aud M»

ttlil

arontt of th«

Se rooo«nl£*4 only

of

(fluiery of UMI Gr»»% War),

% U»% ttw that

of a»ft«*bUB« H

dr«w oortain conclurtoiw frwa ill*

and twrswd thM A tlioory of wMTfiuro.

pri»aipl*« D^i«h tcajroel/ go furthar

Y*%., la spU« of all. pvtnt««* tMnldn«, thus* prlaelples

««ttia aod «c«la la wurtlaw. This prorod to U* tk«

and II. ?h*r*fo»*» tl» «*!«* of *1 Hi son 1 *

if wtfqr «f Mo opi»lon» BO longer

?OA Moltta*'« iMmUl 4«voiopiB«Bt couUau«d la close attaeht»«nt to

antll th» pupil ««tcr*w hit t-achor. "on Moltte Intm4uo«d

War*

neat*.

Jrsa Vfe* Bw»si«a okiwf of stuff of v&rld '-t'ar IX, Schapo«ehntio»w, la hi a voolc, BM QtiAm* Ara> Armoe. (Tho 3raln of the Army) follo««d olo«oly

Yo »tr«tf do tktaftdae into *ao work of tbo 3ro«t 8o*orol

Staff and froo* tt frea tito rtgi* ml«« of

owl Siooatlan of %or»*iea»)» it o«a0*HtiM o*

oo oooa Itow o3*o»»at«2? tho fioi* WarsHal draw up hit «trtt*o«io

ffel* woiaiUoo io »M11 * rtoh ooweo of lnfor««*ic» for .-iayc>o.t

la «tr«toito faootiono.

JSootatoo of <lo)it]il*« tafltto&oo, the probloa of ooo& oration

jti »oo» &*«lo*%odL aft«r tho o*%tlo« of

Nolltol ro«Krtteift IMa ytoolom a* p»r«««uit

faro aad o«MP«ao4 for * oaluttoa tfcoti oa tbt oUtomotf ooadltlCM of tran»-

A book ojr Oborotlowtauuit &.£. n»a Seha«rfolt» for ABA? yoov» »hl«f

of tho MoXtko Mirioioa ia too UNM* Softoral Staff,

(Sao Soraoa ?l«a» for Aa«t«aoiy 18H-1890), |o

olopono&olo for aft og^roat&tioa of «oltk»*« nonaor of operraion und fer

a oorroot JttdcHoot» aooorttac to olUtwy potato of ftov, oa

th* IO«A of

ttsto t& 1371.

;O»o»t ororr ?*& "«»

or«r ottaaafiln« poUtlo&l *od

vor for the first

1 Jarlia, Wttlwr. 1909. (ioHowor** aeto.)? BorUa* mtUor. 3J&S®.S Svoa ia lift YOU Molt*o lui« to 4ool wl*h a oilnMlioii

a %«o>fTO&t war.

-Srow up now pl«:» ooMae thoa en

aoadlUoao. 31* fortlliij of art ad

to *lo»orjr, oa4 ho *Lmqro b*6 iwaofcbtr

brcujit up

MS 4 P-150 .%. leopfeolff »t M* disposal if th* aatMfftM tufci* teamM pswfa m«ieeaa*tft(l*

X* «plW of kit BBswrottt publication*, voa W»ltfc» 41 d not «8t»bU«ha ajratM. In M« opittioa it «*« iap»»»lfcla %o lay 4MB «m«ral rul*«for eoaaaeteva eoaoandait tl» •olvtlcw* of tlMly t*dw. flw froVlM

9 WM afndd, that A «taH%• different vtuxg il»». «•

fSiniftaitAf ttonda

ta«« * rt«i* tefttiia** llMvaitemi at «a tlm •»•«£* of &M«itfra*t*.

la U* «i«r«%loa« voa Naittet oA«a foU»^* a of S»jwl«oa. Aftav TWI Moltloi'* d««th, th«r«fo», Ite to

1%

that

arow «•

Soon this &M*r*a»ut cr»w to to tb«10 oa iaanr wr <mt«r lias*.

at to whl<A ««•

eondttot of varfata to a l»r«» *agr*a. SMNI aUifcuy aathor*, a* for ln«t«aea flraf Toric vaa *f»rtoabttr*» attll ooa«ifl»raA Sapolaoa

iviaai a n»v «af <mMA m* to %•

Laailgr ia a alarwr Wok, Cltapalaoa M «lilt»ry I*»dw). Hit wortc

», it »ttu affara a tiaalarlr la yvma&aeMm9

Torfc vaa w«rtaa%arc put hl« aaaa _U

_.^ - _.._.._,,, - ..._._. . _..._.. r,*»wJ)t P <RW;«10 taa oaj«ra»«loa "oatar liaaa* aa4 «oa* into omrroat o»* only la 1866,11 a»rlln, £tltU«r, 190B, Sth at.

MS -8-

Keltke'ii ftide, I. von T»rdy <*a Ver&ole. carefully avoided taking

side in the disoussioa m the dlffereno^s fcel*«*a 3«i#oleou** &&d ^

fltrate^lc isethoits. In Ms fty»4l3& u»^«r de^ Ijrtfjf (itodies on

"*rdy stroseos the adTtmtocss of the inn«r liaesi ne»srthei*»«, in Ms

opinion, the concentric oper»ti«fts on outer lines require espeeially

favorable prelialnaty oonditions. ?arUo«l*rI? ia the third part of Ms

studies, "Strsilecr*, he treats s>«oh fittdaaeatnl problems me objoetive* of

c^er tioa sad lines of operation, whtoh are still important todej.

0«n«ral wn. Seherff, one of the foremost military authors of his

time, «T*oiallsed ia theory of w*r. ^esVimowa ie his13

Theory of iTrosont fl«o Warfar*;. %.« troAtiM w*« wwdt notiood &t th*

of UMI oonturjr and atlil HF-» *ome slpilfiosaoo.

4s 0«neral d#r InfuuU'/l... ,. ,. „. vox; 'HI use, a i'orto«r atsSstaat of

Moltk», aadorotoot It, Moltko wmtod am exact aistinction to o« rnado

¥otvooa Hapolooa** strategy «m4V.La »%\. Tori Moltko oa|>rosoed this «a

follows! "^triktofiy is at Its bo«t when It sttoooods IB

parts of th« «nqr froa different fronts 1% * short aarch to the 1

known taojt*

flolt MarsttsJ, took, the graatost luterost la TOE. fflwto's14

12 I. von ftrdy ^u Vernolc. "Operational ?»rt IT, ;<o. 3, P 01.

13 (3erila t Mlttler, 18ST.)

, its tasks

(Berlla, Hit tier, 1«»1),

14 laf " Hsares (Tha Haomtors of the Prussianof pysuf «1 seo^ Hsares Berlia, klttt«r, l»i.)

IS Letter to Hater! eh van freitaohke, 1891; alto in

16, p 210.

, Mittl«r 1912, edition.

m I p-150

and Expedients), lie added ntassrous f*rsoaal notes to the draft of the

first edition (1882) that influenced its final shap« to a large extent.

to the third edltloo of his book^ttot author stated that von «oltke18

did not quite keep to the axic* "Divide* »arehf united fight" *

Especially during the advance on the Moselle In 1870, h© did not follow

this rule. Still, Moltke generally kept to this principle, whereas

Napoleon preferred to keep his f'orees together. This vm® their main

divergence in the design of their battles.

Some chapters of von P3uM*a classic are too meh associated with

his period to excite wore than limited Interest today, yet the revo

lutionary change during and subsequent to World Vter I, eould not shake

the general, theaa of this eoaparthens ive work. It enlarged and aoderal«ed

tlie rules of Clausewits and la a precis of Moltke's opinions on warfare.

This b ok c«Qstitutea an excellent guide through the vast and complex

of Bodera strategy. Oraf ;-chlleffen stressed its valw in the19training of higher e

mrahal Coliaar rrelherr von cler Oolt» - enjoying early fame

through hi* ispressive book «A iation in Araw 8, (Oas ¥olk In Ua fen),

terlln, Decker 1883, 1st edition,20 and through several other well-known

studies on military history20^- also aealt with the differences In Fapo!eon*s

and Moltke's strategic Methods. This book - his best - Is called "Ww and

17 "ages 302" anOG31P "ls\iB«vitz regarded o-peratioBuo of separate araed forces as a necessary

evil wMch vowld be advisable only In case of considerable 8uy*rlorlty.1«J See Ton der Chevallerie, General der Infanterif W« voo Blipi.Mll««4! .«

Mitteiluagen, No. 3,1939.20 €. edition 1925 revised30a "• r 'Insitftnce ""ran Rgsabaeh until Jsna". (fgo Eoaafoach bla Jena). Ber

lin Mlttler 1906 *?roia jefia untiiT'rettsSlsGn-'lylaa", van Jena bis s- :r®&ssl8cn-%'latt;lj after 1906

VB § T"-15G " "" " ' ~9&~

Generalship*1, («ri f uad KserAjeiuruaf), Berlin, Decker 1901« It is »asi*r

reading than r'!a,u»ewits conveying hl» ideas to the reader all the MOM Mid

shows the progress !n modern varfare up to the beginning of the 20th eentary,

Its value for instruction is considerable

Von -ier Dolts, considers both jaethods equally valuable. Bi bio opinion

the decision whether to ftaeeafcle separate forces b»for« a battle, car act

until the actual battlefield was rsaehed depended on the amount of uncertain-

ty in a giren eituatloa. Napoleon separated his foroee if he was sure they

would co-operate properly, MoltJce preferred Joint actioia under uncertain

condition*,

Operating on the inner lines had become aoa*e difficult - said Freifeerr

von der Colts - than In Napoleon's tiae. The battles lasted lotiger and

therefore a Quick success could no aore be hor»d for, According to his

point of view defense on th inner lines was more difficult to carry out thansirft>an enveloping attack. Be considered attacks' froa several fronts an excel

lent & ans to ascertain the own superiority.

The department of ntlitary history of the Great General Staff did

not see any fundamental differences between Worths»« strate^r and Sapo-

leon*s aiBthoda.206

20b rolmar Freiherr von der Goltzi "A nation in Aras, * Berlin, Decker,5. edition, 1899, p.269.

20c Ber Groese Generalstab, _ ^er,®ri.t3telb|,| (Success in" Battle^ By " What ans '" In'as It " CtotainedT" in Stiidien ..sur J^-iegSi|e8Chi^ht« «nd_ ^^i^ (Studies oo Military History and Tactics), ^Berlin, mttler, 1903), Vol 3*

KS ? I--1SO -10.

*t&t*d iathst 'oltka'g «trat*£? w»* foajideS on that of SapoI«Ott amd only r«ur<s««nt»<l its sap 11 fl cation and continuation aided fey •»&»*». eag>«<ii«atfi. *trat*Br, h« thought, did not ftusw toy ^«oial prlncipl*» but was a ef aak«»Mf% MMMRura*. th» lliwriury wrkw of inwa frsttae-iorti^^'raa ar*

. 'l?t* tnmtis** S«v»lop«d om th« part of th«a, )»tt«r apyrdclfttion of Clanwivlti ••j^dally hip

gg (The Bul»« of

th* of his r»fl*otio»». Kit .24

froa th* Causpv^i^?i» of

i, &« wall as hit tr«at modal, aoR*i*J«r*d

t, for

(fh« fow*r of .7J«rsouality inhas b««oa« staetd&rd work. His other Tswiic* will al*o main tad n their let.

for the present, «*j>«claliy X8,« {^f^^^^iJiJ^B^ffl) ^cri^gari^oba^

of *'arBast* of Military :7ucae»s, on th»

f^tw uos<yr-ft ^<<it (^

in

32

23 ^r»at«r attention was pal* to military psychology after World. ,c«r 1S«NI 5.S«»««, 3.i J Mittl»r, 1923), F. Altrte&tW Ma

ftd ia of th® ,

V«r I), (Swrlin, Mittl*r, 1933).34 (.Berlin, Mlttl«r, 1909) t 2fi »«.. Itll.2S (3®rliB, Kittlw, 1914).

MS 1-150 -11-

the nineteen,*!* and twentieth eeatwies), and .KrJe£jxnd Po^i («r«r «»d Politics). All of lTeyt«ie--orla4feovea t 8 "book* have be©a

3«aeral s. van 3ahllehtt»£, held is high astoMJ by Moltfcft because ofMs cleverness, agreed with freiherr voa A*r Golta in the opinion that th* inner lines Rave lost their former sapdriority yet &e d«anad» & clear distinction btttweea the two methods, fon Scfellchtin^ pr«ferre<! Moltka's stratefie aethods by far, sinee Holtk«*s rola not feo eolieot fei? forces until their arrival on the actual battl«£rotmd had b«co»* decisive for the oosimand of great armies* General VOA Sehlichtln^1 • fondrjaaatal rules for co*Ka*nd stood la <U.reet contrtist to ajoieon1 * principles. Aeoo-rdiag to hi« the i»«ue of & battle, *inoe Moltlc«*«» tiae, hs4 became the i;s;afldiat« consequence of previous o>er&Uoas. He stressed this fact in Ms book falttlaoj^e |^4 str&te^^y^g ••»ritftii>.Si»itjiie d«

m& Strategic i'rtaoij.ies of fodey). E*rli«r operations 4«ternrtne4that deprived tha old Napoleonic order of

battle of *sy valiMi.*"" Sohli eh tine's soaewiiat narrow-ialnded rulew" had an influence on contemporary t&inldaf "aut <tid not noMeve any noticeable success.

the plans for & b*ttl«10

26 dterlin. Ktttt«r, 1911.)27 Se* p 1 Foota»t« 1.

.. _ . -. (Oeneral wen Sehlichtiiig aaA hi a Work), (B«rlia, Meeker, 191S)29 (3®rli», Uittler, 18t7.f°). p 91.30 The operations at t?lm, Jena, etc., contradict the«* «tr,te»»nt9.31 Becnll ^ehlicbtinc> e 80->«»lled seven won<iers (Various ways for the develep«»«% of A battalion). 4s for tfee res%» Sohliehtittg especially fought for th* preservation of *«ntal liberty aafl respo&nibility. "Only he is Jiajspy «toe stands up for his owo opinion and knows bow to keep his eouTlotions. 1' (Koltk«« yarafeohtni 9. Berlin,

.12.

VOB Sehli»ffen, In a^ftajaajat with Irtih«rr vsa dsr 'Joltse, rsfu»»d

to '4eriv« -jay Bpwaial aetiiod from HQltk* 1 * mzam«r of COR ducting a, e>rj"Ucm«.

ii« voioed bis opiiiiott s.t the e*at*ttary of Holtke's "teirtlidsty, **»'«* do not.

B*thod, && only tt«8i*» t ou» |J4rtitnilur »to|w s^*j>( , but a. ny of

a w*^ w&« found baok to Clan **ul tit, -«^o had ««i4, "I'h«r» t*r« no

laS« of rul»« for waanuvariOfc, no «*^i0rai ..rlacipie can ,"*2

the actica* a*c«8«j»ry. B "

v»n s«dill«ff«a first pufeli*h«d his »trat»glo td»m» in th«

of j'lttld Operations aKi Kiiltsry sci«i»fi«). Aft*r hit d«a>t& in

^'lZ, ';-.cse Articles s^aared to«;0tucr with other ascaya in a tii«o voiw

wntitled C^t^f. iatar, t^n ^orid^od edition of this book v&

Juhlieff«& did. not v&at to tt!.;.ch tiiliii-ry history, '.o took Ma

iaspir;:tion frca it cad ao more. He «&d .cot attach great importsaice to

hictcric,J. accuracy; his trout iao:s fiCcordin^y, **i-e not

ful to student* of militarj' history, -he iublia&tions of the

ou the Tiirious caapmiin* offer aor« r«li«ible sources in information.

.-iehitsffaii'tt principloB, alaont iaTartably r»oo«ra»ndiutf the envelop! a«

attack as isolutiers,, fo«nd Htt«r anwd««. Oraf G. vo

F, voa 3^niiarli, *ud several others chwrj,«d biw '4th iuir

32 Clauwwdita, 7^_JCrle,<fS. 15tH «d. p B?0. S«e also 5j«h«firtg......Tki ..dft8...?'jfl!a<»ra^» C. ..y«.....fiamajRAtti. uKd <S«i| .?i^tt^3rli^.ir» r^lftUi<i<<i.t«. II, \> 377,**rh» b«lS«f i» an «2solu«iv«ly successful aetho<\ ia :» *inelplan has ulwi»ys ie<l to de«truction Jhawt a« it ha^*n«d to K«ick f«e.

MS * IWiSO

Goaorsd TOB Schliehtin* *roa doelavod that Sshlioffoa wao aiai&i «P **»

hiatorloal period* and did not derolop Woltko'* coaco^ tions %»t ehan«*d33 thoe aooov&iim to hi* ow* idoao.

Baaing hio flow* on tho outieos* of tho hattlo of Loathoa, Gr&f von

Schlioffon triod to provo iahi» work, ffnmflf, that tho onrolo^eat wa*

tho stronfioot and aoot offoetivo fon» of att&ok. It wao sot quite

correct to ««y, *• ooao did, that Moltho taught v«r Iwt Schlioffon.

» «foaifio font of w@r.

In ordor to approciato Mo ido«« it lo aoeooaaxy to look at tho

taokt that ho oot f^r tho conoral »taff offioora and to ooaoidor tho

roporto of tho arnraal taottcal conforonoos of tho Oroat Ooneral l

report* woro paali^tod a* tho IMan»twy»Qhriftoii Aon Qonar

(3»rrto« MftuaU* of Hold Mars*.*! -r«f von ''chliwf-

f«n) 0«n«r«l Staff of tho Anqr IB 1937. ftugr thow how SoMioffon «trn«Klod

with the pjwfcloa of fitfhtlng •cstfluit «a mumf of laporior ttroagth.

B«oauao of Oowwny 1 * coograpMoal po ait Ion. op«rf*Un« on Imowr liso*•o«t«d to offor tbo only ehaaoo in * H«j^it a«alii*t @A «nv»lop«ont fey a

•*ip«rrior •ooaf. Tho ia&er UBO« enablod tho voakor to prevail, at tho

crttieal opot and to OVOTOOMI %gr inoroasod w>WHty tho droadod "on tho36 staroh* of JYodorioic II. ^dok s,ad oowjploto viotorio* woro roiialrod,

howoTor, and. ia opposition to Iroihozr TOO dor Oolti, 3chlioffo& coa-•idorod thoto po»*i*lo if ho fcopt .triatly to tho «xa^plo of tho battlo

33 Froihorr voa Oafli Qoftfya^ ..fffii .,?o|iAI<lllllM- 9 &5$. Schllchting oopociaily w&o m oppoooat of tho "practioo battlo".

34 Vol It "Th* Tactical «cd ^trat^gio fatko from tho Y«ar«(Itto t«ktlo«h-itratt«i«ob«» Aofgatea &«• doa /aluran 1891^1905), (Ti» cxoRtoa Cf«ooral9tal>oTOi««A Oot au« doa Jahron 189X~1©08).

35 ,:;urin« tho SOVOB Toaro War Prodoriok IX loot araoh timo byto iMat tho oaoar «*» stood on tho <mtor linoo. ttilo ho wao "on tho a»roh* hi« opponattto found opjfortunitioo to «»in

MS f F.19Q -14.

of i*ath*n, H* ftfforit* Bod*l. 9t% ft* «aaa & H«a)e *tt««Jc,

of isilltary M«t»*3r*» ho eon«ld«r»d A #**** w^erlority in

lndl«pen*abl«.

An "ordinary <vA«t*fy* m* inefficient, beoau** OB tlw inner line*

th* 9&m? had to bo MoaihilAtod coE»pl«t»l^. To uttalli suet a daratttiU

lag victoryt Scftll*ifen •&id ( tho woonf svcuit not bo iftttjackttd. ^jy ons or two

arwy oorp« tot tgr oa« or Mrorfcl &rmi»». tnolr thrtuit mift aot b« dlroatod

nt flank of oppo»«a* hln !!»•» of r«tr»at "In lattatloa

winter cnapalgii 1907, aad of i«4«a 18*.

Mao*

a?

gr Political

"with eta ia«d«<pAta force".

of the ea»pl« of Ul», of

Th« d«»crlpfeion of

la M« %•»*, __

of th« Art of Vlarf aro a«

«5ohli»ffo» how to boat % auperlor

It aw«k0a«d In Ida th* coaoo^t of tlw dmfel* •oTolo^aont, »Alch ho

late wa At took from four «ld*s. Xt i» aot only tho

party that oaa »}>S)ly th* G»aa«* n§tAoA» Th* *nv*iojf-aeat,

for*, 1» aot «»sltt«tir*ly a «*an« for th* rlohi th* «*«k*r foro* it al*o

off*r*d a ohaao* for »ao9**«. Hov*v*r t 3chil*ff*n ooont*d & lltti* too

that th* Idea of

Conna* could aot B* appli*d la *vwry tituatloaj h*

la hl« tmnks, for

5chli»ff*n «»« «moh too »voad «&ad*4 aot to. .. 38

26 -oalliwr, * ^oh^i efforts

39

( SeaU*f f *a*» * M«rl U4?e;,wi«3«n«2hAftlloh« Ittadsehan, 1938, p 17.

27 IM&'t .I^^Hl^ff ill • &9®3>* IP 17*18.38 Variout ooa<Wtloa» conld mmdftr tH» Cfuina« nethod ia«ff«ctiT« for *x«apl»(

S-.ftCO.

3S ;l«a fh* fectlcal Conf«r*BC*u of th* U«neral staff of 1«3? and a» vail fc» th* ?.oollMr, S«hll«ff»o» ?«m««ehtoiii, • pj» 30.31, M.

MS * P-15Q

But He leapt hl« penchant for *«»«lopa«at and attack, probably ia order to

train the antiy for offeottw op<*r<iUoa». 3f**«f%h«i*»t his twMStolng* «m»t

not fee interpreted to aean that th» ejw*loj.<a*»t i» the only »*«8a to

attain victory. Th« oo^aador't *na initiative will deter«in« tti* ehoie*

of th« toast aethod.

aid not set auch «tor* in Koltke'a «q^«i«l9t«d awthod of

»«p»ratioB until thw b«ginxtiBfi of th« batUo. ^th th* gr«»t

of l«ti«3r it wouid oft«i not be pos»l>>l* to »%«nr*t8 th*

Uie aa««aWLy or to k«aj. the* teparatod *ortB« tfewi ad,v«n

soluUo* |^rop0M4 V Schliaffoa va« to *5raJS«» in iinoi a«ain*t tho m

^atl i«t Ubt protnudSac flaak» yl^ot «c*ia*t tho hottil* floak*. a«»id

;: r«',.-*turo pivot lag. «ad *« a raiult »a»» th« troop* oafor* tha enangr liao».

The prlaelple* he propfigfitad mat with «qro«t attontioa. They e,p;»«Ar*A

to K«ui/ allltaxy «ttthor» as h«rtn^ ipr««t«r praotienl TAlao than Cl«m,»a-

wit* 1 a pointa of rt*v »tue« they wttro oonoarna* with th* queatioo of th*

•tm^l* *4pai&»t a superior opponant -«. it <|a*ctt«o of «9»oi»l ia^ortane*

for40 The operational training vhiah Schlioffon geev* to tha Oraat Ganaral

Staff fouad a rich reward. Doria« rferld War I it prodt*o*4 * greater

uniforadtjr of oplaion on priRcipal quautioa* of eoaaaad, at leaat

the aajority of hi^er oottna&dertt, than had betm tit* ea»* during the

wars of Onifie«tion.

40 ^t^gft ^ur ^«|^sf«ttf^^,|e yg-d, ?ph^tit: (Stttdi*» oa Militarywid Taotioa){BCTiia^ >flttl*r ,l90Cuiff14} should •!•» t» nentloned here.

S # JC1BO -IS-

41

all tho work* or. aodera w-.r:fare, Sohll *££•*'• staKee.

te.vmx.ic. In a&dltioi. to Ida aw?. .?r*iherr

Cernwsdofcorst Troihefr vofc Stelte»iihftUi«a should TM> $!»•» special

>*oa r->lkimhB,w,t«m ooctt|4«4 hli&celf mni&ljr with tfa» problaaw cr*x.t«d

fey aodar& »«,aa &rniQ«. wraT von ScMieffsn also wrote about thi»

lines, for lust&nce. In his »»nsar* "iCrleg la d«r4g'

nd e V«ber 4ie Killt«Ms««l»«r»* (On tlui Maaa

Jan* 1511. la th* flr«t treat! •• ScW.leffeR ttlll fw^coned on a war of

short duration, althou^ witb longar battl*«. the y»&eon» he gave for A

short war (higia •laaderd of «<jonoEajr, etc.) afterward*, la fact, prov«4 %

t.vj&as tc continue the

"ou Fuliomhauswa1 * f|r*t l>uok

for ar) i^oqiudn

nne hi a fa»K>«f5 work Ber

fi ctvifiy on %^e aoTemeat of tit. us arsde*, i» still worth

His ottier two books, Il&nketibciiMigaa^ und >e»wmheare

end M&at Armlec), Irl g^fuaiunang aqd .yij,»*%yai^|p| (war and Sol»ac«),

n. .:Utlcrl»13, «tlll dfc.«rre thorough ntudy.

»ith uc.ex,-satad, evmv«u«simite4 force.43

fuar daati

the recder v4th th« ohuracterlatics of•44

{ tr

fheee

The46 the

¥«r I for prop«£p»da, aK&in*t C-crsMucy.

n-.entlcn:

other books th« frl loving4T (The

4142 lbi€., Jtee, 1SU.43 (Berlla, 1903-04} a44 {Berlin, Wittier, 1911) 3d «d.46 (S»rlljt, Hlttler, 1911.)46 1. v«tti Jiarnhturdl IMUI b»owie famous through his «o-c«»ll«(i Wc tr?.-t«£y

ai»r.ut«" vlth /Tof»»«or -Tan« 4?

MS $ £.100

of Modem •far) and tH» oo*j>r*k*a*lv* and powerful work Yoa hguttflt*

(On K*<t«ra War).

la hi» s»blletttloa» B»rn3iardl vs* oft* of tit* most oaergetic

of p«a*t ration. ffc* study of this proalwe h*A fe**& n«£l*ot*d up to th*

tum of tJM <j«ntt«ry on aooeent »f OwnuM?** mf, ta «pit« of »*r«r«lr»f«r«aoa« to It by Freit^rr YOQ der

y*ar« b«for« ^»rld Waor I, bviMTer

iaclud«d &4m«ral 0, iron MOMT «ad

of ailitary loading p.«rson«aiU»i, wbo

reaalaod aog«UT«. ?h«y did not

th«

of

?«t th» B«Jorlty

to it IB nUltsry hintory,

that, in a futon w»r with It*

•xtoadod front*, flttmtioa* would iMMMM*atil]r orise would

Oa» of th« no«t o«t*t«idijD£ of th»

H«o>»«iamda (?|aart«rlj' torlow fojf Op«r*Uon« «ad Milftaxy S«lo«oo),

pabli»hod by tho 9»*at Q«a«ral Staff during th» y«ur« 1904-14. ?h*

«rtlol«* w*»* of « hlgfe «tandard and offered « Y«»y «P>od outline of th«

preW.«a» of tho

ttodont eaa draw from Hum aaah u««fal iafeyaatioa.

and it* <tev*lopo«Bt. Uv*»

48 (Berlin, Klttlar, 191O.11 . )49 Th« r*f«rwur of tit*50 Al*o to B* aoatlonod 1st

Ofta^»ehiokUloho .fiBKels f ten

. Kitti*r, 1684-1914) and putoll»h«d tbgr til* &r*»t CHm«ral Staff.

-IS.

3

imuraa Aim W

had to tO

from ruint. fho ttroDff inflaoBoe of tho Ooaoral Staff* whieh haft

divbaadod •aaawhllOt aonlA no longer »o eottato* wpoa.

Tho Memoir* of tho leading general* *tirro4 vt& many critical

cut si oat, eopooially on OOXMBB otratoflf daria* tho woe a»d on tho parti,

eipatioa of tho General Staff at a oau*o of tho war. DoftoaTal Sri oh

dorf f' * hook, Molno ,^ri«<ao|^jB§yrttagoa (Kjr *ar MoBotro), and voa

j?(«xo ^roao Cooamad Ifa,4-I91«i Sooaatlal Booolunoat),

a doop i&ti^it late tho *tra%ogl« idoao of hoth ««x, o*pocdally

into tho diffioaltio* thoy haft to ovoroowt* AMP valxto of tho to hook* io

of a historical aatwo* ItmiAu^offf^o first hoo^c io ttti^ ; is-ssjiifOd

work* gytoaadap. dor ooartton Hooroolol ̂ nntf (2oc«a«nt» of tho

la tho lattor otwdy ho oappert*i Moltic* 1 * opinioa la to far a* politico

aro aaid to haw a diolaivo iafluoaeo oa tho nojtoat of «a«in&in« «nd on

tho noaout of «»din« tv war. Ao for tho ro*t, tho Hold Karohal doMadod

full lifcorty of aotioa for tho myrmm military oo»»aa4ar suod ^ontoa hi*

to act Independently of politic*. 5 Kaiser Williao 12 oipreated the toae

opinion in tho follovtnc drattio woardai "^olitioiaaa havo to shut ap in

wartimo cmtll *trmtogjr alloy* thoa to talk again.*

(3orli&, Hittlar,8

S a«j*raiob*rtt I. roa So«kt aajrt ia Mo Ooo* _______________ («.»flec«ioJ» of a SoIeUar) (L.ipal*. ioehlor, 1938, 3d «d) that "War it notidag ^ttt a eontiattatiett of for<d^a poiiogr «4tb, tho uao of othor

m #lowewr, %*34 MAT S pf»T«A .tLaaaoudt* 1 * clasHeal ao&tonoo

tiraoi "aar IB tout a continuation of politio* witb otfcor tttaao.*

if oil ti o*l factor* *ro «oro Uiport&at thaa Military ]nlnai#lot

sillt&ry «wsoog*oo do not almty* oolvo th» pollHoal jirobleraaj th«

i* the 9«rr«nt of foroign i*li«y.

itill, Ludonclorff'o book «howod tlw olOM relation* !»%«••» |tolitl««

m& strategy mi troatodl thi* probl« ftrom Toriou* anglos.

Lud«idorff ia D*r totale Xriog6 (Ituk itttttl aar) tt**w»d that

v*r, a* a «ttt«ol war of oxtoralaatlon of tiMi »»ti«NB» iavoiirod,

o ^aotlior eh!5jr»otor than In foraar tiao. Boooaw of thlo,

prlnolplo of tho disparity of wars i» roadornd obaoleto: and

total my 4*MKid« ft totnlitaxlaa polifljr **•& is pO*ootl»o. So olniaod, thoroforo, th»t ailita»y end aot j oil U eel &uth0rttlo» »ho«ld tako pro-

la wi«rttao*

0 tho chArz^tor of tot«l war * -usar7 aoroy * «afortua«toly h*ro INMNI, fwrtflod by tho kind of

by all ttie parUoifatlog afeUoa*. Hio A»erlca« Ctnil W«r had8 (Ruench«, 1936.)f Soo aloo J» Birohor m& Cla« Cxvoh^Joe&boirfi, grtoa: giyiO <an>Ao (liter without

.^rcj-j (^uorlch, Scleutia, 1937,)8 Partly aloo f&o tf«r of ladopondonoo 1T7^»1?«3, «Mcdi tttmoA a«ain«t a

part of ftho nation <th« Anortean l<oyall*t«) utoet MUNI forood to lo«ro their hcHMotoad*. (Editor'* Motoi It «KmX« o» teoro oorroct tc t^y that both woro dni MTV and «jhiMUd ohsraotorlttloo whloh fr*ja»a*. ly oro difforoat thaa *ar* votvoem &»H«NNO. «tat«i, oat to r*R«h tho

that tho Jva«rloan n«r of Indopoadoaoo and t)M Asorloim woz« *nytaia|? liko total war io a «ro«o «4«lnt«rpr»tntlco.)

m # F.IBO

«howa aiallar foatw»»» tot Cioraaa ailit^ory vrit«r* did &ot draw tho

aonolttaiOB* froa their stauiio*. Lud«ttdorff'« rorolatioaary ldoa» on total

war and th» otrmtoty portainim<| to it not with violoat oppooitioa free tb»

rmblio. Pjofaaaoy Ha*« SJolfcroook, otpocially. attaefcod i*tfa*Aorff*o

•tratofflr violently aad act alw»y« fj«it« fairly. D«11mx«ok, rotvmlni!; to

of

r«pro«oh*d Ludo»A»Tff for liMtac «i<iJu(S^od tlao rtttuitttm anil for10

w»*d a oonifaoriits otrmtogy **we only « •tra.togy of oatatctios wns f«s«ibl«.

D«lbru«*fc's Mo*t oat»t mdiaf book, tr«aelat*<i into Bm««t«s In 19S7.11

1* Gaoohlchto dor Irto«riauMit i» -ohaoa d«r polltloduua Oe«ohioht«

(tii*tery of tho Art of WnrfMro s» »ho«n of >oUtictd. -ilitory). It

th»erio« of MMT and tho r«l&tiou» ootvoon «trat*«r «id politics; y«t IB

•pito of it» ooTvrak int«ro*ti&i$ Idea*. oaJgp * hl»torl«u will think it

. it« taoMBcl&turo i» boia« ssuoh contested.

S. Motto, in bi»12 horr& (On tho Spirit of Ooroun Hilitary Loik4o»»}. ex^lain^d tho {.rinoiploo

of tho «pro*t OOXWHI militflory thinkort aa,<i tho

at tho tmnd^ point of tho oightooattt oa& nlaotoonth eoatnrioa. no ao~

kcovlodgod tbo gottimo of Sfl4uwmhor«t, Cl«o«owlti, sad Holtlco, tout ho ovor-

o«tia%%o4 ^hlichtiag, Gulling hi» «a opponont of '>ir«f YOU Sehlioffom and*custodian of Cltnoewiti't an* Moltk«*« harit«««. f)io sdliUry quail tioo

dor. Tol If, pp 491 and 514? on tho history of ttrato^jr

» ypa Sria^a. tol ?, ^apt 2.6.10 H. ^llmMMSk Krigji; ,^4 ft>^itik ^,»14»_^. (war sad ^olitiao

(Borlla, 5tllie , 19^J. SM» ftloo fowritosr t I. 3ol»rao«le, oia Fortraot. maler (Kwjit ^«lbru«o-. a Paiat«r of Fovtraltc) (Berlin. Kittlor, 1V22).

11 <-:".,<riir:, stilko. 1920.31), ?ol ? and oontinnod by t)a»iol aad12 (iiuriofe, 1988.)

m

of ffcllemhaam, Hiaftoritarg, m& IxuSmfartt «r» toHfttiMc ««umy»4 iawith SailmiSMsSK1 * vi*vo. fh» b®«Je» howowr, ftamlahes Iny;OT%«n% k»lp In t!i©

<wr«dw»tieii of th* aajor j>w>W,»«* of wyr «n4 la •tndptttg w*r fr&m a

X, pn»bl«m« of war of ton -.tie-prter to

3ut net until «ft«r th» w*» ^11 4 a r«all]r ww^niMAAf* adlltary litwratuy* oa thi< fccjilc 8«n» into *xlHt«xa<. It t« aot tf tat«Tae%i«»»X inpa a« 16 tre&l«4 audjtii/ t^nuui |»robimi«. 'l'h« IMUUnAaf Iwoka ovg^l to

}. 4.

<iaisditl«a« vusd«r

had o& lit otttixja*. «y.

bookwa««d ant th« iafl

book,

the

that theyUS

the ;t ;

of 1P06 wa» to

in Oowtun

la tii«

for tho f«llw« In Frs.«»«« tit 1914 v*» often dl»mi«*»d lltor«ttir». IVoe the S«HHN>IM pobllestlon* which

oom«« to atnt •«p««rlally tH« book 16 I).

13 (Airlin,14 (Serlla,10If

, 1S34.)

*d.

-2S.

4s Ms

ia .*. *p

to a certain

la 1939. v^«f^l«ttt»«g*t «,.&. rfilholw Gre«n*r, «R open *w5wlr«r of

oadwa«tif«ly <4m SebU«£fta fo; IteM la

ami&tion ntsoo^ •Rp«rl*. In hl» work,

Q«if <8rwf SeJ>Jieff«i«« «11 a»A

of tha «tw!y "ftMUIKi1*» -"ift

of th» »rror8 of tbe Caytw

of o|»eT tioan. OR ••eotia* of thatr «rr»ralsh»d Ijsawguage, "•m«a®r**!

, #«p«ol«lly frwa tfc« leader* vhos*h*r« »9t ith riol«n%19h*

utttdy m «dilt«r7 oli«gr If th» former <rtrt*f of $h*

ftf th» A9*r High Comfit, 0«««r«l dtr Iofaat*rl« -uT).

ia CoNdittm) In of *|*etal i«-

I«rtaao« today. fl^« V**? ifsstfcraottl* |)«W.leati»» g|v»t v^duftble hint*

for th* aoiuiion of Hi* pr»Mttt <l?.y ptv^lwe of «1 lit wry i»olt<qr» sine* *

v»r, In «11 protMkbllltgr, will again %• * war ef ftlli«t9*t. fh*

th« i>*ri«3« of M.«m.ff«lc «&S Moltka *« ««11 a*

of'!&» H»;,(ilerUa,

flitter ell<itttaaia% H.I. w, %o«ft of tiui ZaUsior in

, If 36.}

:*or!4 W«ur I, lfI4}. '( Berlin 1938)

US » lu -23-

der lafaaterie a*ft» H. voa Kahl describes with aa expert pen

the accomplishments of the genaril staff in peace a&d war. ike title of

his boos is 'fler Dmtsche t^neral-Btab ^ y»rtMpitaajg| ^^ ^*re.h.faehjpua^ &§a21 irfejtkriegea (The Oeraaa General staff ia *b» Preparatioa aad Execution

of .;orlf] &r X).

Oberstleutnaat a.I>. 't. Iberstor ia his atvdy, ^as der fljedankfl^wer^-

the Heatal Workshop ef the

Oeaeral Staff), shoved act only the traia of thoagat ef the (Jeraan

Staff but also of the Treaoh end Russian staff* before World War X aad

ait tec. axaet of *a« problen of a twe-frea* WMF. Beta book*23

ia 2. correct light the achiereveata of the geaaral staff.

Gericraloberst a. VQB Seakt p«kiiea*d a avavber of well vrittea studies

aad books, "hey represented the revolt of lea* experteaee aad aatiriag

Sooe of them are still north

i*adership), K-« well aa

Oat ~~ (Germany betwecm Weat and ii»*t) aad

(lafleetioBS of A Soldier), ia the last book, speakiag of the Value of

i. he expreeced the opiaion that their efforts and sacrifices

(Mot eat f 25

21 (Berlin, 1930, 3d ed.) 32 (Berlin, Mittl*., 1921.)23 Bu» Cteraan offieial handbook, Ser ¥eltkriag 1»14>191^. oaly cor»r» the

years 1914-1017. The neoess&ry docixssnte fer the descriptioa of the year 1918 were destroyed ay aizwraide in IMf. (fee aathor it in error. The ai'torlcal Mvisioa aat discorered that the last volttae of this •eri8« itetu&lly exist* la oae oor>y ia proof page fora. A microflln of thie oae copy alee exists in the Library of Qeagress ia (B41tor's cot«)

24 (Berlin, Weiteana, 1929. )28 (Hamburg, fiaaser.ti *ohe TeTla^B»n«tal%,26 (£,eip«i«, ko«hl«r, 1926.)

M* * *

&ro oat of proportion to tho rooalts •»£ only load to & war of

2h« taato Voeowoo InooHi* oiUI oaa not »«»««»or My lo^er: it

ri.iu -4«h«rt»c, ^rofoooor *% th» Univtrottr «f Berlla, teolt

ly with

only crush.

, In

of its u?at*B}* aftd sonllnn^l the tr-iln of

ta M« »tm4r JtiHD^ttaMOtti (^lUtnr

to

of th« gptat

u

la

*nd v*w> 4o«p«rmill tary ^

o& tho

6ouor&l AOT ZK fan tori o n.~>. . Srfttrtfe 1ro»t«d ia hit

tho followia« ^Poblmoi (1) Tho iaportaM* of nrpfioo la var in J3L1at

OffroyratfffiBf |n Irtago (fte Ifanmt of Svrprioo t» V«r); (2) Tho ooaj.aoto

<So*tr«elion of tho oootqr la ono*«tA ^attlo m& tollQ«l&& orHnr^tloao In

28(fletoiy lgp! AaalMlattoa, A itttfcr «• CSooporatloa of Soparato &naloo)t

(3) fteo f««toro **ioh new <i»olAe tho tool* of n war botwoon »«jor

33 exCL4 i'owors).

to Idotoriosl e*woploo Irfnttti pro-rod la tho first book thut

oron today farprls* lo » d»ed«lTo Atotor loir H«tory, tout with, ttia growth

, Kanooatlottto Verla««>Juchh,aili»K, 1936.) 28 (Borlin, mtUar, 1»W,) Jhlo oad tho followltt« book v«ro trtoioiatod

torlc^ *orld «i«r II. Hut first in tt»o Itaitod Btaftoo and tho «ooon4 i tho .;oTl«t Union.(Borllft, KiUler, 192?.) (BwrlU,

»t f K.110

of ami** and th* looker duration of -battl**, tt b»t tooox* mvi 4HLfftmlt.

%• s*«md took tar*fct*d * aUdlrj- safejaet «* dl* ih* afol^tyffoLe (f«ne*ti«i la B«IU«} yttWi»h*4 If tb* ®«rat« Ssneria fluff. It «l«ilo*e<l tfe* «l*»*it«

on i*l«h th« realisation of * lie***? 4«i>«ad» uadtv pre««nt Aay condi « f n«,

As & re««it «f M* t%udd»« iSrfurl

book the 4id»BRt««M «ftft flltaAvsjitoflo* «f

aandl tlon«» Mtttd tlMMWIf c«noJud«« iho dl«e«t»flffiB of e subject

In th*

of

of th»

If4®,

to th« vowr

at any r&t*, still oo»«t4ir»A a d««ltl«m

to flalsh & w«r ^dotdy, S&MNI it

lrft»rth,

ao*t

to ooaalvd* *

*f*

by

f«x>o

(tfe*

of

, In his

»o«»»^i d«f«n»o vlth nil ft* p099lMliti$t.

3X ~ Use VttlawnifeUity of ccwsMnlcr^lon* by aisutaid* w»d tiie e^loltttltwi »f tit* iaA*r lln»9 la *o*!4 ^MMr II.

froa th« SAB% to ItjO? In «nt«m iM3 took at l««st four w»«k«of th« aomel tia* *f tp-u day*. All r^ll *«fc#<tul** w«r« tipn»t.

»«a*ieMo4 by Te^iSy on %r)» *ltr&t«fflr-*,

, owiMflr , ra,"^tti~«rf 1909)« p IS ff»

netow

*i

10

-€ f sn

-27-

i.

* Clon**vitx, carl **m, IhiiJfriafii (On »•»). . first «6ittoft, 18 32-3- ..,atAth **ttioft. Milk «ft latrixhiction If Ov*f Tea SobUtffen. ____rixte*nlh •dltion, Soa», Uwl«r» 19W.* Moltk«, S«l»«th, Oraf

%IVM«. i-ttkli«JX. MilttiMMrl Mil* Serr»*r

If.

WLttl«r.

v >p«cl«l ?«Wi«»tloa« by tfe» OrooyiO. Staff. Military m 9*0*7).(;-Hjltie» inl*r, 1904.

jfenHNttioJi of Op«r»tioit«. ImrUa.

•Tork. *»rILu, mtn«r, 1@0@« IVo Volume ».

shi v) -

, F. IQA Two

, 1901.

Vef Jtyutl^ai

Wltloft.

(On Modtrm Berlin,

1 Hi* parlod

coaUian two very «*l««r«lr« lltl» of ^ook* r oo«S &&& th* elfttr for

MS

*

-28.

(9* Tewtr of 9<M0»i fcttttoa. i»ll.

avw 1813-1614 (The f 1813-1 ;-H;.

Third . 199S.

Works). Bwlln, Ittlw. 1S13, Two vol.«««.

, 190S-U.

II. XSff Of MJLJtAlf W0» AffBt WCHLD KJJ!

*ad

Xtx, A. a Wear and Mar, M|tU«r, 1924.

. y.- lan forthe

1S?U1WO) » •f

Lrd iWltlou, 1930

(Th.

Sdltioa, 1934.

(Oraf SoMl«ff«i'« ,111 Uoa, 1990.

. Berlla,

. B«rUa,

MS * -19C

ftuv Peliey »n4 Ktlttavy . Bwrlim,

for , Slue* ifSC-

(0« th» Spirit of

fi«n«r;a*fc&b 4»* H««r»*v

iSrfurth, (fit* Moawnt of Bur>si«*

of

, 1940.

(B«eiston la •ah&flllah* Rttttd*eh«uv

I.

DECLA