English Colonization of English Colonization of New EnglandNew England

PuritansPuritans

Reformation of Anglican ChurchReformation of Anglican Church Too much like CatholicsToo much like Catholics

Followed teachings of John CalvinFollowed teachings of John Calvin People were born sinnersPeople were born sinners PredestinationPredestination

Plymouth Colony – 1620Plymouth Colony – 1620 Settlement of North Settlement of North

America – Virginia Co. America – Virginia Co. (Joint Stock)(Joint Stock)

Landed in Mass. south of Landed in Mass. south of modern day Bostonmodern day Boston

Pilgrims called Separatists Pilgrims called Separatists –isolation was good–isolation was good

Mayflower CompactMayflower Compact Democracy in AmericaDemocracy in America

William BradfordWilliam Bradford

Massachusetts Bay Colony Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630)(1630)

Est. a Royal Colony Est. a Royal Colony - Boston- Boston

Puritans - non-Puritans - non-separatists separatists

Governor – John Governor – John WinthropWinthrop Winthrop called Winthrop called

the colony a “City the colony a “City on the Hill” on the Hill”

Built Fenway ParkBuilt Fenway Park

Puritan Work EthicPuritan Work Ethic

Worship & hard work Worship & hard work were tenets of were tenets of Puritanism Puritanism

They reserved some They reserved some time for leisure, but time for leisure, but not muchnot much

New England Local GovernmentNew England Local Government

Town Councils Town Councils Church officials not allowed Church officials not allowed Must be church member - high ranking people Must be church member - high ranking people

were electedwere elected Vote: male member of the church in good Vote: male member of the church in good

standing standing General Court – colonial legislatureGeneral Court – colonial legislature

New England PopulationNew England Population

Towns developed throughout New Towns developed throughout New EnglandEngland

Towns allowed religion and education to Towns allowed religion and education to take a central roletake a central role

New Colonies formed like Conn, RINew Colonies formed like Conn, RI Fundamental Orders of Conn. Fundamental Orders of Conn.

New England EducationNew England Education

Old Deluder Old Deluder Acts – Acts – grammar grammar school in school in every town – every town – Why?Why?

New New England England PrimerPrimer

Economy in New EnglandEconomy in New England

Subsistence farmingSubsistence farming Lumber, fur, naval stores, fish, shippingLumber, fur, naval stores, fish, shipping Did not want for goldDid not want for gold What was the Puritan philosophy of What was the Puritan philosophy of

business?business?

Native Relations in New EnglandNative Relations in New England

Got along at firstGot along at first Indians were pagans/wild Indians were pagans/wild Puritans leaders feared Indian life would Puritans leaders feared Indian life would

appeal to some Puritans appeal to some Puritans To prevent this…To prevent this…

• They cut down forestsThey cut down forests• Created farmsCreated farms• Built English looking structuresBuilt English looking structures

Some conversion attemptsSome conversion attempts

Native American TensionsNative American Tensions

N Englanders felt Indians underutilized the N Englanders felt Indians underutilized the land.land.

Land transactions were often Land transactions were often misunderstandings misunderstandings

Tensions from cutting down forests to Tensions from cutting down forests to farm, graze, build housesfarm, graze, build houses

Led to conflictLed to conflict

Pequot’s WarPequot’s War

New Englanders tried to extend territory in New Englanders tried to extend territory in ConnConn

The Pequots refused and the colonists The Pequots refused and the colonists declared wardeclared war

The colonists got Native AmericanThe colonists got Native American Native American concept of war v. Native American concept of war v.

European European

Religion in Mass BayReligion in Mass Bay

There was almost no tolerance for other There was almost no tolerance for other religions and certainly not for religious religions and certainly not for religious dissentdissent

Roger Williams Roger Williams Anne HutchinsonAnne Hutchinson

Salem Witch Trials (1692)Salem Witch Trials (1692)

Salem, Mass Salem, Mass Devil is trying to Devil is trying to

influence (lack of influence (lack of piety)piety)

Executed 20 peopleExecuted 20 people Cotton MatherCotton Mather

Influential preacher Influential preacher Bought into hysteriaBought into hysteria Convinced devil was Convinced devil was

influencing peopleinfluencing people

First Great AwakeningFirst Great Awakening

Secular PuritanismSecular Puritanism

Occurred in all coloniesOccurred in all colonies Jonathan Edwards – 1730s-1740sJonathan Edwards – 1730s-1740s

Fire and brimstoneFire and brimstone Sinners at the Hands of an Angry GodSinners at the Hands of an Angry God

Works for a while, by 1750s secularization Works for a while, by 1750s secularization continuescontinues

Puritans - ConclusionPuritans - Conclusion The City on the Hill was a failure because the The City on the Hill was a failure because the

intended audience, the Brits, paid no attention to intended audience, the Brits, paid no attention to them. them.

To most in England, the Puritan experiment To most in England, the Puritan experiment seemed at best strange and at worst seditiousseemed at best strange and at worst seditious

The Puritan irrelevance was compounded by the The Puritan irrelevance was compounded by the restoration of the crown in 1660. restoration of the crown in 1660.

The Restoration discredited the short lived The Restoration discredited the short lived Puritan regime in Britain during the 1640s-50s. Puritan regime in Britain during the 1640s-50s.

After this, British Puritans dwindled in numbers.After this, British Puritans dwindled in numbers.