ENGINE

By- Vardaan Chauhan

WHAT IS AN ENGINE ??

An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert energy into useful mechanical motion.

Heat engines, including internal combustion engines and external combustion engines (such as steam engines) burn a fuel to create heat which is then used to create motion.

TERMINOLOGY OF ENGINE

The word engine comes from an old french word “engin” in turn from the latin ingenium, related to ingenious.

Military devices such as catapults , trebuchets and battering rams are referred to as siege engines.

Most devices used in the revolution were referred to as engines.

Devices converting heat energy into motion are referred to as engines.

The term motor was originally used to distinguish the new internal combustion engine-powered vehicles from earlier vehicles powered by steam engines, such as the steam roller and motor, but may be used to refer to any engine.

HISTORY OF ENGINE

World’s first 3-wheeled automobile with Otto cycle petrol engine was built by Karl Benz of Germany in 1885 and got patented on 29 Jan 1886.

KARL BENZ OTTO CYCLE PETROL ENGINE ,1885

Production of automobile in France was started by Emile Levassor and Armand Peugot using Daimler engines in 1890.

The first American car with petrol engine was designed by George Baldwin Seldon in 1877 in New York. Although it was built in 1905.

DAIMLER ENGINE ,1890

EVOLUTION OF ENGINE

The first engine by Karl Benz was designed with horizontally opposed piston. In this the corresponding pistons move in horizontal cylinders and reach top dead center simultaneously. Used in- Volkswagen beetle, some Porsche and Subaru cars etc.

HORIZONTAL OPPOSED CYLINDER PISTON ENGINE BY KARL BENZ

Earlier four-cylinder designs rated at 40 horsepower (30 kW) and six-cylinder designs rated as low as 80 horsepower (60 kW)

Larger diesel engines are still often used in trucks and heavy machinery. They do not burn as clean as gasoline engines; however they have far more torque.

In 1970s and '80s smaller V-6 engine came into picture due improved fuel economy.

MODEL OF MERCEDES V6 ENGINE IN 1996

The first half of the 20th century saw a trend to increasing engine power, particularly in the American models. It include – raising engine capacity ,increasing the pressure in the cylinders, increasing the size of the engine.

Due economic and other restraints such as small roads the trend of smaller car comes to Eupore. Which in turn concentrate on increasing the combustion efficiency of smaller engines.

This produced more economical engines such asV-8 American engines with power ratings in the range from 250 to 350 hp(190 to 260 kW).

LS9 ZR1 6.2L V8 ENGINE CUTAWAY

The Bugatti Veyron 16.4 operates with a W16 engine meaning that two V8 cylinder layouts are positioned next to each other to create the W shape sharing the same crankshaft.

BUGATTI VEYRON 16.4 ENGINE

HEAT ENGINE

Combustion engineCombustion engines are heat engines driven by the heat of a combustion process.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs in the presence of air in a combustion chamber.

Four stages of the 4-stroke combustion engine cycle are- Induction( Fuel Enter), Compression, Ignition( Fuel Burn) and Emission( Exhaust Out)

In an internal combustion engine the expansion of the high temperature and high pressure gases, which are produced by the combustion, directly applies force to components of the engine and generates useful mechanical energy.

The use of internal combustion engine for automobile is partly due to improvement of engine control systems.

The internal combustion engine was originally selected for the automobile due to its flexibility over a wide range of speeds.

EXTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

An external combustion engine (EC engine) is a heat engine where an internal working fluid is heated by combustion of an external source, through the engine wall or a heat exchanger.

The fluid then, by expanding and acting on the mechanism of the engine produces motion and usable work. The fluid is then cooled, compressed and reused.

The working fluid can be a gas as in a Stirling engine, or steam as in a steam engine or an organic liquid such as n-pentane in an Organic Rankine Cycle.

HAVE A NICE DAY