ENGI 1331H ComputerBasics
Transcript of ENGI 1331H ComputerBasics
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Computers & Problem Solving
Computer asics
ENGI 1331H
University of Houston
Diana de la Rosa-Pohl
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Bits and Bytes
Information in a computer is represented in binary.A bit is a single binary digit (1 or 0).A byte is a basic chunk of 8 bits, e.g., 01111010.A word might be 16 bits, 32 bits, or whatever,
depending on the of the processor.
Common (and VERY important) abbreviations are: 1 KB = 1 kilobyte = 1024 B = 210 bytes
1 MB = 1 megabyte = 1024 KB = 220 bytes 1 GB = 1 gigabyte = 1024 MB = 230 bytes
What is the difference between a Mb and a MB?
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Bits and Bytes
What ARE these bit and bytes, actually?
How do we (people) communicate withhardware?
What are programs?
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Hardware and Software
Hardware: The cabinet, power supply, internalprocessor, disk drives, memory, etc., all comprisethe hardware of the computer, and are gettingsmaller and cheaper.
Software: The programs written for the computerwhich instruct it to perform certain operations arecalled software, and software is getting bigger and
more complex all the time, requiring more andmore hardware resources.
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Hardware or Software?
Printer
Windows 2000
Word
Router
Monitor DVD drive
Floppy Drive
PowerPoint
Browser
Network Card
Microprocessor
Power Supply
Computer Games
Outlook
Facebook
Excel
Quicken or Money
Memory (RAM)
Blu-ray Disc
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Applications
Users and third-party developers can write programs,or applications, that run in the environmentprovided by the operating system. It is theseapplications which make the computer useful.
Applications allow users to perform:
word processing (Ex: _______________)
drawing (Ex: _______________)
manipulate databases (Ex: _______________)
engineering analysis and design (Ex: _______________)
Why do we need programs to make a computer useful?
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In the Beginning
ComputerHardware
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Inputs
Think about how you would build the circuitshown below. (Remember your switches?)
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Inputs
Name some common modern means to getinput information into a computer.
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The Transistor
Three-Terminal
Two-State
on
off
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Transistor_NPN_symbol.png
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Outputs
So what might an output circuit look like?
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FYI
One bit of memory (SRAM) CMOS transistors used
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_random_access_memory
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Outputs
Name some common modern means to getoutput information to a human.
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In the Beginning
ComputerHardware
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Enter, the Operating System
CPU
Operating System
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Operating Systems
Name some modern operating systems.
How do they differ from applications? (or
do they?)
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Operating System
The most important software program is theoperating system, which controls all otherprograms on the computer, providing a filesystem and a way for the user to
interactively issue commands to theoperating system.
Examples: Microsoft Windows NT, Mac OS X,and various flavors of UNIX (Sun Solaris,Digital UNIX, Linux).
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Microprocessors (CPUs)
What does it mean to be a 32-bit processor? from previous example:
00100000010000010000000001100100
for every 32-bit input string (any combination of
32 bits), the processor has a predeterminedoperation to perform
What does it mean to be a 3 GHz (3*1032 Hz)
machine? ideally, for every 3.33x10-33 seconds (1 / 3x1032)
a new command is performed think about that for a minute!
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Simple Computer Example
Input Switches Output LEDs
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
ADD 0 1
0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1
SUB 3 11 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
MUL 4 7
1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0
DIV 6 2
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Addition
Programs & Compilers
CPU
c = a + 100;
addi $1, $2, 100
00100000010000010000000001100100
103
(assuming that a=3)
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Our System
You are here!
LabView
Atmel 32-bit ARM processor48 MHz
NXT Firmware
sensors motors
XP Operating SystemUSB
BT
Labview
Intel 32-bit Celeron processor2 GHZ
USB
BT
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COMPUTER BASICS
Lets Review
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Five Classic Components of a Computer
Control
Datapath
Memory
Processor
Input
Output
1. CPU (control)
2. Bus (datapath)
3. Memory
4. Input
5. Output
Memory(Registers)
Hard Drive
Cache
RAM
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Five Classic Components of a Computer
Control
Datapath
Memory
ProcessorInput
Output
Control
Datapath
Memory
ProcessorInput
Output
Network
Peripheral Devices
http://www.cs.ucla.edu/classes/spring02/csM151B/l2/handout/set11.ppt
1. CPU (control)
2. Bus (datapath)3. Memory
4. Input
5. Output
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Engineering Computing Center
The Engineering Computing Centerhasthese computers for your use: Dell and Compaq PCs (Windows NT)
DEC/Compaq and Sun workstations (UNIX)
The ECC is open 7 days/week. Hours areposted.
The Help Desk is the place to getinformation, get accounts, report problems,etc.
http://ecc.egr.uh.edu/http://ecc.egr.uh.edu/ -
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ECC Website:
http://ecc.egr.uh.edu/
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Accounts
As an Engineering student, you should automatically
accounts on: Cougarnet
Engineering UNIX system
Campus mail server (mail.uh.edu)
If you ever have your password reset on any system,it resets to the default password (on that system only!)
You can reset your passwords online at the IT website (look under Quick Links): http://www.uh.edu/infotech/
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Account Security
Your computer account is for your use only.
Do not let anyone else use your account!
Keep yourpassword secret.
Do not give it out to anyone! This includes authorized IT personnel;
they will not need to have your password andwill not ask for it.