Eng101SP15 Shifts Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase

8/9/2019 Eng101SP15 Shifts Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase

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Shifts

Pronoun & Antecedent

Agreement

Pronoun Reference & Case

ENG101_SP15


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Eliminate distracting shifts

These distract or confuse readers

Point of view

Verb tense

Mood or voice Indirect to direct questions/quotations


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Make the POV consistent in person

& number

First person emphasizes writer

Good for informal letters and writing based on

personal experience

Second person emphasizes reader Good for giving advice or explaining how to do

something

Third person emphasizes subject

Best for formal academic and professional writing


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Make the POV consistent in person

& number

One week, our class met in a junkyard to practice rescuing

a victim trapped in a wrecked car. We learned to

dismantle the car with the essential tools. You were

graded on your speed and your skill in extricating the

victim.

One week, our class met in a junkyard to practice rescuing

a victim trapped in a wrecked car.We learned todismantle the car with the essential tools.You were

graded on your speed and your skill in extricating the

victim.


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Maintain consistent verb tenses

Consistent verb tenses clearly establish time of the

actions being described

Which sentence is incorrect?

A. She caught the ball and then throws it to the catcher forthe out.

B. She caught the ball and then threw it to the catcher for

the out

C. She catches the ball and then throws it to the catcherfor the out.

A. She caught the ball and then throws it to the catcher for

the out.


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Maintain consistent verb tenses

When writing about literature or current research, use

present tense

A. Research showed that the Great Pyramids were built

before wooly mammoths became extinct.B. Research shows that the Great Pyramids were built

before wooly mammoths became extinct.

B.


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Make verbs consistent in mood &

voiceThree moods in English

Indicative is used for facts, opinions, questions

Imperative is used for orders or advice

Subjunctive is used to express wishes or conditionscontrary to fact

A. The officers advised us against allowing anyone into ourhomes without proper identification. They also suggested thatwe alert neighbors to our vacation schedules.

B. The officers advised us against allowing anyone into ourhomes without proper identification. Also, alert neighbors toour vacation schedules.

A.


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Avoid sudden shifts from indirect or

direct questions or quotations

Indirect question: Alex asked whether the potatoes

were ready and whether he could cut them for the

salad.

Direct question: Are the potatoes ready and can I cutthem for the salad?


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Which of the following is incorrect?

A. My instructor asked whether I was prepared for the

course and have I bought myself a laptop.

B. My instructor asked whether I was prepared for thecourse and whether I had bought myself a laptop

C. My instructor asked, “Are you prepared for the course,

and have you bought yourself a laptop?”

A. My instructor asked whether I was prepared for thecourse and have I bought myself a laptop.


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A. Mother said that she would be late for dinner and asked

me not to leave for choir practice until Dad came home.

B. Mother said that she would be late for dinner and please

do not leave for choir practice until Dad comes home. A. Mother said that she would be late for dinner and asked

me not to leave for choir practice until Dad came home.


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Newsletter Revising

Underline all verbs to ensure that none of theverbs shift

Ensure that there aren’t any shifts from a

statement to a question or vice versa


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Newsletter Revising

2. Turn down the heat – when are you more likely to wake up at night when you are hot or cold? The

body prefers to be in a colder milder climate to

sleep. Experts recommend bedroom

temperatures to be 65 – 70 degrees.

3. Exercise every day – This will greatly improve your

ability to sleep at night. However be careful not to

exercise too close to bed time as it can have anegative effect on sleep.


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Newsletter Revising

2. Turn down the heat – when are you more likely to wake up at night when you are hot or cold?The

body prefers to be in a colder milder climate to

sleep. Experts recommend bedroom

temperatures to be 65 – 70 degrees.

3. Exercise every day – This will greatly improve your

ability to sleep at night. However be careful not to

exercise too close to bed time as it can have anegative effect on sleep.


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Newsletter Revising

2. Turn down the heat – People are more likely to wake up at night when they are hot.The body

prefers to be in a colder milder climate to sleep.

Experts recommend bedroom temperatures to

be 65 – 70 degrees.

3. Exercise every day – This will greatly improve an

individual’s ability to sleep at night. However one

must be careful not to exercise too close to bedtime as it can have a negative effect on sleep.


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Pronouns


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Pronoun & Antecedent Agreement

What is a pronoun? Substitutes a noun

He, she, it, her, him, they, we, us, them

What is an antecedent?

Noun or pronoun that a pronoun refers to

Isabela gave her dog its bath.

Zack gave his sister her doll.


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Do not use plural pronouns to refer to singularantecedents

Runners must train rigorously if he or she wants to

excel.

A medical student must study hard if they want tosucceed.

The recruiter may tell the truth, but there is much

that they choose not to tell.


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The pronoun almost always refers to the nounclosest to it.

While driving it at 200 mph around the North Pole,

Santa swerved to avoid hitting an elf and landed his

sleigh in a snowdrift. What is “it”?

We don’t know until the end of the sentence.

While driving his sleigh at 200 mph around theNorth Pole, Santa swerved to avoid hitting an elf

and landed in a snowdrift.


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The pronoun almost always refers to the nounclosest to it.

I’ve been to Canada, and I like them because they are

very kind to Americans.

Who are they ?

I’ve been to Canada, and I like the Canadians

because they are very kind to Americans.


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Compound subjects joined by and always take aplural referent.

Jones and Smith made their presentation.

With compound subjects joined by or/nor , the

referent pronoun agrees with the antecedentcloser to the pronoun.

Neither the director nor the actors did their jobs.

Neither the actors nor the director did his or her job.


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Collective nouns (group, jury, crowd, team, etc.)may be singular or plural, depending on meaning

The jury read its verdict.

The jury is acting as one unit.

The jury members gave their opinions.

The jury members are acting as twelve individuals.


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Indefinite pronouns are singular (anybody, anyone,anything, each, either, everybody, everyone,

everything, neither, nobody, no one, nothing,

somebody, someone, something)

When someone has been drinking, they are likely tospeed.

When someone has been drinking, he or she is

likely to speed.

When drivers have been drinking, they are likely to

speed.

A driver who has been drinking is likely to speed.


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People are who/whoseThings are which/that

She is a person that likes pie.

She is a person who likes pie.

There is the dog who ate my pie.

There is the dog that ate my pie.


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Newsletter Revisions

Highlight all pronouns. Circle each pronoun’santecedent. Check to ensure that they align in

singularity and plurality. If an antecedent can not

be found, create one.


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With the belief of a flawed human body comes thedestiny of suffering and cancer. This approach to healthtakes on a defensive rather than an offensive stance. Ifyou believe that more pink solves our countries cancerepidemic you choose to participate in this flawedthinking. Here lies the problem with pink – itrepresents all things incorrect with allopathic westernmedicine and the theory that you will get cancer, noaction can change it – so find it early keep your fingerscrossed and hope for the best. The majority of money

outside of marketing and huge salaries for their toppersonnel (I bet their checks are even pink) goes toearly detection of cancer with mammograms andtreatment with drugs and surgery.


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With the belief of a flawed human body comes the

destiny of suffering and cancer. This approach to healthtakes on a defensive rather than an offensive stance. Ifone believes that more pink solves this countriescancer epidemic one chooses to participate in thisflawed thinking. Here lies the problem with pink – it

represents all things incorrect with allopathic westernmedicine and the theory that everyone will get cancer,no action can change it – so find it early keep his orher fingers crossed and hope for the best. The majorityof money outside of marketing and huge salaries forthe company’s top personnel (Dr. Alex bets the top

personel’s checks are even pink) goes to earlydetection of cancer with mammograms andtreatment with drugs and surgery.


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For Thursday...

Narrative analysis due

Submit rubric, final copy, prewriting (in class and

discussion notes), plan (outline), rough draft, peer

review

Continue to work on newsletter revisions (due

2/24)

Eng101SP15 Shifts Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase

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