Energy Scenario in India 09[1].03

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Dr. R. Edwin Raj, M.E., Ph.D.(IIT-R)Professor, Dept. of Mech. Engg.

St. Xaviers Catholic College of Engineering

Chunkankadai , Nagercoil- 629003


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Growing gap between demand and supplyof commercial energy with increasing

dependence on imported oil. Oil imports expected to rise from present 70

percent to 100 percent in next fifteen years.

Substitution of imported oil main driverfor energy security.

CHALLENGE OF ENERGY SECURITY: INDIA


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Energy Crisis ?


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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b0/GrowingGap.jpg


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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/GlobalREPowerCapacity-exHydro-Eng.png


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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/RE-CapChangeShare-Eng.png


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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/GlobalWindPowerCumulativeCapacity.png


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Photovoltaic power

(GW)

2005 5.4

2006 7.0

2007 9.4

2008 15.72009 22.9

2010 39.7

2011 67.4


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Solar Power

CapacityMap of India
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Solar_Resource_Map_of_India.png


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Sivaganga Photovoltaic Plant[8] 5 02010-12 December 2010 Completed December 2010

Kolar Photovoltaic Plant[9] 3 02010-05 May 2010 Completed May 2010

Itnal Photovoltaic Plant, Belgaum[10] 3 02010-04 April 2010 Completed April 2010

Azure Power - Photovoltaic Plant[11] 2 02009 2009 2009

Jamuria Photovoltaic Plant[12] 2 02009 2009 2009

NDPC Photovoltaic Plant[13] 1 02010 2010 2010

Thyagaraj stadium Plant-Delhi[14] 1 02010-04 April 2010 April, 2010

Gandhinagar Solar Plant[15] 1 02011-01-21 January 21, 2011 January 21, 2011

Tata - Mulshi, Maharashtra[16] 3 02011-04 April 2011 Commissioned April 2011

Azure Power - Sabarkantha, Gujarat[17] 10 02011-06 June 2011 Commissioned June 2011

Moser Baer - Patan, Gujarat[18] 30 02011-06 June 2011 To Be Commissioned July 2011

Tata - Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu[19] 1 02011-07 July 2011 Commissioned July 2011

REHPL - Sadeipali, (Bolangir) Orissa [20] 1 02011-07 July 2011 Commissioned July 2011

TATA - Osmanabad, Maharastra [21] 1 02011-07-01 July 1, 2011 Commissioned 1st Aug 2011

Green Infra Solar Energy Limited- Rajkot,

Gujarat [22]10 02011-07-01 July 1, 2011 Commissioned November 2011

Total

India's largest photovoltaic (PV) power plants


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Others

22%

Venezula

4%

Angola

5%Saudi Arabia

18%Iran

16%

Kuwait

10%

Iraq

9%

UAE

8% Nigeria

8%

Indias Crude Oil Import


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HOW DO WE MEET OUR ENERGY DEMAND ?

Thermal

66%

Nuclear2%

Hydro

21%

RES

11%

Total Installed Capacity = 1,87,550 MW

All India Power generation

as on01. March.2012


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Wind Energy

70%

Small Hydro

16%

Biomass

13%

Energy fromWaste &

Photo Voltaic

1%

RENEWABLE ENERGY IN INDIA CURRENT STATUS


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Requirement Available Deficit %

Energy in MU

India 78,067 69,430 -8,637 -11.1

TN 7,135 5,526 -1,609 -22.6

Peak (MW)

India 1,28,680 1,13,086 -15,594 -12.1

TN 11,866 8,980 -2,886 -24.3

As on Feb 2012

by

CEA, Govt. of India

POWER SUPPLY POSITION


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Agriculture

25%Traction

3%

Industry

33%

Commercial

7%

Domestic

25%

Misc.

7%

ENERGY CONSUMPTION PATTERN IN INDIA


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2002-03 566.7

2003-04 592.0

2004-05 612.5

2005-06 631.5

2006-07 671.9

2007-08 704.2

Country

Per Capita

consumption

(kWh)

Canada 17179

USA 13338

Aus 11126

Japan 8076France 7689

Germany 7030

UK 6206

India 631

Growth in India

Tamil Nadu - 976.81

ALL INDIA ANNUAL PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION

OF ELECTRICITY (kWH)


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Energy Environment


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Type of Energy

Renewable

Wind

Biomass

Small Hydro

Solar

Geothermal

Non-Renewable

(Fossil Fuels)

Coal

Petroleum

Natural gas


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RENEWABLE ENERGY- WHY WE NEED IT?

Sustenance of energy demand cant beachieved through fossil fuel as the limitedreserves are fast depleting (vs abundantsupplies of sun shine, bio energy, water andgarbage).

Global warming and Clean Development drive

forcing countries to reduce polluting industries.

Carbon Credits encouraging companies to go in

for captive renewable energy investments.


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Technologies Units PotentialAchievements

Upto Dec-10

Wind Power 5th Rank MW 45,000 13065

Small hydro power 10th Rank

(up to 25 MW) MW 15,000 2939

Biomass power/ 4th Rank

cogenerationMW 19,500 2559

Biomass Gasifiers 1st Rank 128

Urban and Industrial waste-

based powerMW 1,700 68

Solar photo-Voltaic 5th Rank MW - 18

Waste-to-energy MW 2500 141

RENEWABLE ENERGY POTENTIAL OF INDIA


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RENEWABLE ENERGY POTENTIAL OF INDIA

India has potential to generate about 89,000 MW ofpower from different renewable energy sources. Thisis excluding solar energy which has been estimatedfor most parts of the country at around 20 MW per

square km of open, shadow free area covered withsolar collectors, the Ministry of New and RenewableEnergy said.A total grid interactive renewable power generation

capacity of around 18842 MW has been set up as on31st January, 2011, which is over 11% of the totalpower generation installed capacity from all sources inthe country, the Ministry added.


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Wind Energy

70%

Small Hydro

16%

Biomass

13%

Energy fromWaste &

Photo Voltaic

1%

RENEWABLE ENERGY IN INDIA CURRENT STATUS


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RENEWABLE ENERGY IN INDIA FUTURE VISION

Capacity addition of 30,000 MW is envisagedduring 12th Plan for renewables, raising the totalcapacity to 54,000 MW by 2022, which wouldcomprise 40,000 MW wind power, 6,500 MWfrom small hydropower and 7,500 MW frombiomass.

Potential from renewables energy sources is

estimated to be approximately 89,000 MW


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In MW

as on July 2010

INSTALLED CAPACITY OF WIND MACHINES


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Wi d E C i G th i I di


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0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

InstalledCapacity(MW)

Wind Energy Conversion Growth in India

Wi d E C i I di


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Tamil Nadu,

4906.74, 42%

Karnataka,

1472.75, 12%

Maharashtra,

2077.7, 18%

Rajasthan,

1088.37, 9%

Andhra

Pradesh

,

136.05,

1%

Madhya

Pradesh,229.39, 2%

Kerala,

27.75, 0%

Gujarat, 1863.64,

16%

West Bengal, 1.1,

0% Others, 3.2, 0%

Total Installed Capacity in India = 11,807 MW

as on 31.03.2010

Wind Energy Conversion - India


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SMALL HYDRO

AND

LARGE HYDRO POWER PLANT


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HYDRO POWER IN INDIA - OVERVIEW

India ranks 8

th

in the world in terms of hydro powergeneration.

Hydropower contributes only 24% of the total powercapacity.

India plans to increase it to 40% in next eight years time.

As per the assessment of Central Electricity Agency (CEA),the country has the potential to harness 148,700 MW ofhydro power installed capacity from the identified basins &rivers.

Hydro power investment is attractive on various counts proven technology, low O&M costs; high energy conversionefficiency of around 70%


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WHAT IS BIOMASS?

Biogasfrom pig

wasteCrop residue


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Sawdust

Sawdust fuel

Collection ofwoody fuel

WHAT IS BIOMASS?

BIOMASS IN INDIA OVE VIEW


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BIOMASS IN INDIA - OVERVIEW

Currently, globally, biomass contributes 14% of the totalenergy supply worldwide and 38% of this energy isconsumed in developing countries, predominantly in therural and traditional sectors of the economy.

Main driver for growth for biomass energy in India - growingconcern of indoor air pollution within houses, especially invillage houses, where large emission of toxic waste dueto burning of wood for domestic uses.

Today, over 100 million households are using biomass forcooking.

BIOMASS TRANSFORMATION AS ENERGY


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BIOMASS TRANSFORMATION AS ENERGY

Biomass

Direct Combustion

Thermo chemicalTransformation

BiochemicalTransformation

Others

Gasification

Thermal Cracking

Direct

Liquefaction

Low TemperatureGasification

AnaerobicDigestion

Aerobic Pyrolysis

Fermentation

Heat, PowerGeneration

(Fuel) Gas

Synthetic Gas

Liquid Fuel

Hydrogen,Methane

Methane

(Compost)

Ethanol

RDF, Carbonization, Bio-Diesel


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Plastics, glass,

tyre, paper etc

Waste to Energy process

Converts Solid waste into

Liquid fuels.

The process takes place in the

absence of oxygen.

How to use Biomass?


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1. Energy Recovery

Direct incineration

Fuel making by Fermentation

(Methane gas, Methanol)Gasification / Pyrolysis by thermal

decomposition.

Processing Biodiesel

2. Fertilizer

How to use Biomass?


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Biogas plant at our College

Night Soil

from Toilet

Kitchen

Waste

Bio-gas

Approx. saving of 10 LPG cylinder

per month costing more than

Rs.10,000/-

One plant runningsuccessfully for more than5 years in boys hostel and

another one in ladieshostel under-construction.

G ifi ti & P l i f Bi


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A complex organic compound subject to heating in an

inert atmosphere gives rise to the following products,

- Light hydrocarbons.

- Heavy organic species which could be

condensed to a liquid.

- A carbonaceous solid substance .

The condensed liquid is often called pyrolysis oil.

Gasification & Pyrolysis of Biomass


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Experimental Setup


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SOLAR ENERGY

Th I


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The Issue

It is very Diffuse, Cyclic andoften undependable.

System and components to gatherand concentrate effectively.


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SOLAR ENERGY TO PROVIDE

HIGH-TEMPERATURE HEAT AND ELECTRICITY

Solar Thermal System

Photovoltaic (PV) Cells

APPLICATIONS OF SOLAR CELL OR PV CELLS


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APPLICATIONS OF SOLAR CELL OR PV CELLS

History:


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History:Solar Power Satellites

in the 1970s


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OTHER RENEWABLE ENERGY

Energy from oceanTidal and Wave Energy

Geothermal Energy

Fuel Cells - Hydrogen


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CAN RENEWABLES SAVE THE WORLD?


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CAN RENEWABLES SAVE THE WORLD? Fossil fuels have excellent energy characteristics, but limited

reserves. Wind/ geothermal are among the cheapest of renewables.

There is potential for significant growth but they can not solve

our energy problem.

Solar energy has the potential to provide all our energyneeds.

Currently expensive; it is intermittent & dilute.

Currently no clear options for large scale energy storage.

Biomass has the potential to provide part of transportation

energy needs

Cellulosic biofuels and algaes are interesting but they have

not demonstrated large scale/long term potential.


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Other Research Areas


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Production of Liquid Fuel from

spent tyres by Pyrolysis

Energy Scenario in India 09[1].03

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