Energy Resources and Consumption JEOPARDY!! Nonrenewable 1Nonrenewable 2 Renewable 1Renewable...

Energy Resources and Consumption JEOPARDY!!

Nonrenewable 1 Nonrenewable 2 Renewable 1 Renewable 2 Potpourri

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10 10 Nonrenewable 1

What is net energy yield and why is it important in evaluating energy

resources?

1010

Net energy yield is the usable amount of high-quality energy available from an energy

resource. Energy resources that are worth extracting have a high net energy yield.

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2020 Nonrenewable 1

Explain why some energy resources need help in the form of subsidies to

compete in the marketplace, and give an example.


An energy resource with a low or negative net energy yield can have a hard time competing in the marketplace with other energy alternatives that have medium to high net energy yields unless it receives financial support from the government (taxpayers) or other outside sources.Nuclear power is an example of a low net energy yield resource.

3030 Nonrenewable 1

What is crude oil (petroleum) and how are oil deposits detected and

removed?

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Petroleum, or crude oil, is oil as it comes out of the ground. This black, gooey liquid consists of hundreds of different combustible hydrocarbons along with small amounts of sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen impurities. To extract the oil, a well is drilled vertically or horizontally into the deposit beneath the ground. Then oil, drawn by gravity out of the rock pores flows into the bottom of the well and is pumped to the surface. In the process of refining, it is heated to separate it into components with different boiling points.

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4040 Nonrenewable 1

What is the peak production for an oil well and for the world oil

deposits?


Peak production for an oil well is when the pressure in a well drops and its rate of conventional crude oil production starts to decline. Peak production for the world is the point when we reach the global maximum overall rate of conventional crude oil production.


Define natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and liquefied

natural gas (LNG).

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5050Natural gas is a mixture of gases of which 50–90% is methane (CH4). Conventional natural gas lies above most reservoirs of crude oil.

When a natural gas field is tapped, propane and butane gases are liquefied and removed as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).

So that it can be transported across oceans, natural gas is converted to liquefied natural gas (LNG) at a very low temperature and high pressure. This highly flammable liquid is then put aboard refrigerated tanker ships. After arriving at its destination, it is heated and converted back to the gaseous state at regasification plants before it is distributed by pipeline.

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1010

What are proven oil reserves and what five factors determine such

reserves?

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Proven oil reserves are identified deposits from which conventional crude oil can be extracted profitably at current prices with current technology.

Five factors that determine reserves are: demand, technology used to make it available, rate at which it can be removed, cost of making it available, its market price.

1010 Nonrenewable 2

2020What are the major advantages and disadvantages of using conventional natural gas as an energy resource?

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Advantages and of using conventional natural gas as an energy resource include: ample supplies, high net energy yield, low cost, less air pollution than other fossil fuels, lower CO2 emissions than other fossil fuels, easily transported by pipeline, low land use, and good fuel for fuel cells, gas turbines, and motor vehicles.

Disadvantages include nonrenewable resource, releases CO2 when burned, government subsidies, environmental costs not included in market price, methane (a greenhouse gas) can leak from pipelines, difficult to transfer from one country to another, and can be shipped across oceans only as highly explosive LNG.

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What is coal and how is it formed? How does a coal-burning power

plant work?

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Coal, a fossil fuel, is a rock that burns and was formed in several stages out of the remains of land plants that were buried 300–400 million years ago and exposed to intense heat and pressure over millions of years.

Power is generated by burning pulverized coal to boil water and produce steam that then spins a turbine.

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What are three major problems resulting from the use of coal?

Explain why there is no such thing as clean coal.

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China burns more coal than any other nation and this has helped fuel its rapid economic growth. In 2009, China was building the equivalent of one large coal-fired power plant per week. Most of them lacked modern air pollution control. China has become the world’s leading emitter of CO2 and of sulfur dioxide.

Burning coal and removing pollutants from the emissions produces an ash containing highly toxic chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, and radioactive radium. Much of this is then stored in holding ponds.

Coal can be burned more cleanly, but there is no coal that does not pollute.

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Describe the nuclear fuel cycle.

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5050The nuclear fuel cycle includes the nuclear power plant, the mining of uranium, processing and enriching the uranium to make fuel, using it in a reactor, and safely storing the resulting highly radioactive wastes for thousands of years until their radioactivity falls to safe levels.

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10 10 Renewable 1Renewable 1

What is energy efficiency? .

The best way to conserve energy is to improve energy efficiency— the measure of how much work we can get from each unit of energy we use.

1010 Renewable 1Renewable 1

2020

Explain why we can think of energy efficiency as an energy resource.

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To most energy analysts, reducing energy waste is the quickest, cleanest, and usually the cheapest, way to provide for our energy future.


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Give three reasons why we waste so much energy.

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Three reasons we waste energy:*Fossil fuels and nuclear power are

artificially cheap.*There are few government

incentives to invest in energy efficiency.

*People tend to resist change.

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What is a solar cell (photovoltaic or PV cell) and what are the major advantages

and disadvantages of using such devices to produce electricity?


4040 Renewable 1Renewable 1Solar energy can be converted directly into electrical energy by photovoltaic (PV) cells, commonly called solar cells. Most solar cells are thin wafers of purified silicon with trace amounts of metals that allow them to function as semiconductors to produce electricity. Advantages of using solar cells to produce electricity: fairly high net energy yield, work on cloudy days, quick installation, easily expanded or moved, no CO2 emissions, low environmental impact, last 20–40 years, low land use (if on roof or built into walls or windows), and reduces dependence on fossil fuels.

Disadvantages: need access to sun, low efficiency, need electricity storage system or backup, environmental costs not included in market price, high costs (but should be competitive in 5–15 years), high land use (solar-cell power plants) could disrupt desert areas, and DC current must be converted to AC.

5050What is biomass and what are the major advantages and disadvantages of using wood to provide heat and electricity?


5050Renewable 1Renewable 1

Biomass is plant material that can be burned directly. Using wood to provide heat and electricity has advantages that include: potentially renewable forest and can be local, and disadvantages that include increased deforestation, not enough, and air pollution.

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Define hydropower and summarize the potential for expanding it.


Hydropower is any technology using the kinetic energy of flowing or falling water to produce electricity. Hydropower is the leading renewable energy source.

2020

Summarize the global potential for wind power.



Wind is widespread and inexhaustible. Wind power has the potential to produce 40 times the world’s current use in electricity.


What is geothermal energy and what are three sources of such energy? .


Geothermal energy is heat stored in soil, underground rocks, and fluids in the earth’s mantle that can be tapped into to store energy to heat and cool buildings and to produce electricity.


What are the major advantages and disadvantages of using hydrogen as a fuel to use in producing electricity and powering vehicles?


Advantages of hydrogen:Can be produced from plentiful waterLow environmental impactRenewable if produced from renewable energy resourcesNo CO2 emissions if produced from waterGood substitute for oil.Competitive price if environmental and social costs are included in cost comparisons.Easier to store than electricity.Safer than gasoline and natural gas.Nontoxic.High efficiency (45–65%) in fuel cells.

Disadvantages of hydrogen:Not found as H2 in nature.Energy is needed to produce fuel.Negative net energy.CO2 emissions if produced from carbon-containing compounds.Environmental costs not included in market price.Nonrenewable if generated by fossil fuels or nuclear power.High costs (that may eventually come down).Will take 25 to 50 years to phase in.Short driving range for current fuel-cell cars.No fuel distribution system in place.Excessive H2 leaks may deplete ozone in the atmosphere.


What are the major advantages and disadvantages of using biodiesel and ethanol to power motor vehicles?

5050 Renewable 2Renewable 2Advantages of using biodiesel as a vehicle fuel include: reduced CO emissions, reduced CO2 emissions (78%), high net energy yield for oil palm crops, moderate net energy yield for grape seed crops, reduced hydrocarbon emissions, better gas mileage (40%), and potentially renewable. Disadvantages include: increased NOx emissions and more smog, higher cost than regular diesel, environmental costs not included in market price, low net energy yield for soybean crops, may compete with growing food on cropland and raise food prices, loss and degradation of biodiversity from crop plantations, and can make engines hard to start in cold weather. Advantages of using ethanol as a vehicle fuel include: high octane, some reduction in CO2 emissions (sugarcane bagasse), high net energy yield (bagasse and switchgrass), can be sold as a mixture of gasoline and ethanol or as pure ethanol, and potentially renewable. Disadvantages include: lower driving range, low net energy yield (corn), higher CO2 emissions (corn), much higher cost, environmental costs not included in market price, may compete with growing food and raise food prices, higher NOx emissions and more smog, and corrosives can make engines hard to start in cold weather.

1010

My name is Bond, Ionic Bond;Taken, not shared!

Genetics 2Genetics 2

10 Population Growth

From: Mariano Cecowski <MCecowski#NoSpam.sif.com.ar>

Q: if both a bear in Yosemite and one in Alaska fall into the waterwhich one disolves faster?

A: The one in Alaska because it is

HIJKLMNO

10 Population Growth

Alimentary: What Sherlock Holmes said to Dr. Watson.

Urinate: What a nurse would say if a patient asked her what room he's in.

Urine - The opposite of "You're out!"Benign: What we want when we are eight.

Intestine - Currently taking an exam

CARDIOLOGY: advanced study of poker playing

TERMINAL ILLNESS: getting sick at the airport

1010 PotpourriPotpourri

What are the major advantages and disadvantages of relying on the nuclear fuel cycle as a way to produce electricity?


The nuclear power fuel cycle has a low environmental impact and a very low accident risk, but its use has been limited because of high costs, a low net energy yield, long-lived radioactive wastes, vulnerability to sabotage, and the potential for spreading nuclear weapons technology.

1010 Genetics 2Genetics 2

2020 Potpourri

Define horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing or fracking and explain how these two technologies are being used to extract tightly held oil and natural gas from shale rock.

Horizontal drilling is subsurface drilling horizontally to approach a reserve. Hydraulic fracturing involves using high-pressure water, sand, and chemicals to extract tightly held oil and natural gas.

2020PotpourriPotpourri


Explain how we can get heavy oil from oil shale rock and from tar sands (oil sands).

3030 PotpourriPotpourriTar sand, or oil sand, is a mixture of clay, sand, water, and a combustible organic material called bitumen—a thick, sticky, tar-like heavy oil with a high sulfur content. If tar sand is close enough to the surface it can be strip-mined. First the overlying surface is clear-cut, next the overburden is stripped away, and then the tar sand is dug up and taken to an upgrading plant. There the oil sand is mixed with hot water and steam to extract the bitumen, which is converted into a low-sulfur, synthetic, crude oil suitable for refining

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4040 Potpourri Potpourri

What are the major advantages and disadvantages of using geothermal energy as a source of heat and to produce electricity?

4040 Potpourri

Advantages of geothermal energy for space heating and for producing electricity or high-temperature heat for industrial processes: very high efficiency, moderate net energy at accessible sites, lower CO2 emissions than fossil fuels, low cost at favorable sites, low land use and disturbance, and moderate environmental impact.

Disadvantages: scarcity of suitable sites, can be depleted if used too rapidly, environmental costs not included in market price, CO2 emissions, moderate to high local air pollution, noise and odor (H2S), and high cost except at the most concentrated and accessible sources.


List four widely used energy-wasting technologies.

5050 Potpourri

Four energy-wasting technologies:Incandescent light bulbsInternal combustion enginesNuclear power-plantsCoal-fired power plants

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Energy Resources and Consumption JEOPARDY!! Nonrenewable 1Nonrenewable 2 Renewable 1Renewable...

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