Midterm Exam

ReviewEnvironmental Biology

Chapters 1 & 2

Mining copper: nonrenewable

Burning coal: nonrenewable

Filling a car with gasoline: nonrenewable

Building wooden furniture: renewable

1. Renewable or nonrenewable

2. Hunter-gatherers, Agricultural Revolution, or Industrial Revolution

Overhunting of large mammals Hunter-gatherers

Growth of cities Industrial revolution

Shift in the use of fossil fuels Industrial revolution

Improved quality of life Industrial revolution

Plants & animals were domesticated

Agricultural revolution

Most of today’s environmental problems began

Industrial revolution

1. Gather information2. Consider values3. Explore consequences4. Make a decision

3. Decision-making Model

Is it right to build a dam here?

Ethical/moral

How many jobs will building the dam generate?

Economic

Will the dam provide new leisure activities?

Recreational

4. When building a dam, which values are you considering?

United States Developed

Ethiopia Developing

Britain Developed

Canada developed

5. Developed or Developing Nation?

6 Important because humans depend on other organisms for food and oxygen

Biodiversity

7 Describes the conflict between individuals & society

Tragedy of the

Commons

8 Amount of land & ocean needed to support one person

Ecological footprint

9 Characterized by the indefinite existence of human populations in a healthy & prosperous condition

Sustainable world

10 The number & variety of species living on Earth

biodiversity

11 Would occur if supply of oil declined & the demand remained the same

Price increases

12 “Tragedy of the Commons” addresses the conflicts with protecting what?

Shared resources

13 Listing both the merits and expenses involved in implementing a particular environmental solution

Cost/benefit analysis

14 Which field of study does NOT contribute to environmental science?

linguistics

Chapter 4

Coral reef: ecosystemVacant lot: ecosystemUtility pole: not an ecosystem

1. Ecosystem or not?

Bacteria inside a person’s body: not a population

People at a football game: POPULATION

All the trees in a forest: not a population

All maple trees in a forest: POPULATION

All animals in a forest: not a population

2. Population or not?

3 The place an organism lives Habitat

4 Made up of the different populations of living things in the same area

Community

5 In order for evolution to occur, what must individuals with a trait that is naturally selected for do?

Reproduce

6 Number of kingdoms 6

7 Converts nitrogen in the air into a form plants can use

bacteria

8 Examples include air, soil & temperature

Abiotic factors

9 Members of the same species living in the same place at the same time

Population

10 Examples include insects, leaves, roots

Biotic factors

11 Two kingdoms that contain organisms that can use energy from the sun to make food

Plants & protists

12 Can organisms adapt to their physical surroundings?

Yes

13 Can organisms adapt to other organisms?

Yes

14 Process of 2 species changing genetically in response to long term interactions with each other

Coevolution

15 Thick fur on a deer is an example of a what?

Adaptation

16 Important function of bacteria and fungi in an environment

Breakdown dead

organisms

17 If an organism has a gene that protects it from a chemical, it is ____ to that chemcial?

resistant

Chapter 8

Winter storms: density independent

Disease: density dependent

Predators: density dependent

1. Density dependent or density independent?

A predator usually kills and eats its prey

2. How is a predator different from a parasite?

3 The number of individuals of a population per unit area

Density

4 Dramatic growth in a population

Exponential

5 Has the greatest effect on reproductive potential

Reproducing earlier in life

6 May cause their hosts to become more vulnerable to predators

Parasites

7 Determines the carrying capacity of an environment for a particular species

Limiting resource

8 3 main properties used to describe a population

Size, density,

dispersion

9 An organism’s niche & habitat are the same thing

FALSE

Type of Interaction Species A Species B

Mutualism Benefits Benefits

Commensalism Benefits Unaffected

Predation Benefits Harmed

Parasitism Benefits Harmed

Competition Harmed harmed

PA Wildlife Unit

1 Family whitetail deer belong to

Cervidae

2 PA’s most common venomous snake

Copperhead

3 How often do bucks grow & shed a new set of antlers?

Yearly

4 Largest of PA’s venomous snakes

Timber rattler

5 Skin that covers growing antlers on deer

velvet