Energy & Matter
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Transcript of Energy & Matter
Energy & Matter
Chapter 11
Ecosystem Function
One-way flowof energy
Cycling ofmatter
Matter and Energy Flow in EcosystemsFood chains Food webs
TrophicTrophiclevelslevels
Producer to primaryconsumer
Primaryto secondaryconsumer
Secondary tohigher-levelconsumer
All producers andconsumers todecomposers
Fungi
Gambel'squail
Red-tailed hawk
Collaredlizard
Jackrabbit
Yucca
Kangaroo ratKangaroo rat
AgaveAgave
RoadrunnerRoadrunner
Diamondback rattlesnakeDiamondback rattlesnakeDarklingbeetleDarklingbeetle
BacteriaBacteria
Pricklypearcactus
Pricklypearcactus
Ecological Pyramids Pyramid of
energy flow
Ecologicalefficiency (10%)
Pyramid ofbiomass
Pyramid ofnumbers
Ecological Efficiency 48 different
studies - range of 2 to 24% trophic level transfer efficiencies
Average was 10.13%
Energy Productivity of EcosystemsPrimary productivity
Secondary productivity
Energy stored/area/timeEnergy stored/area/time
Matter Cycling in Ecosystems
-Biogeochemical or nutrient cycles
-Hydrologic cycle (H2O)
-Atmospheric or gaseous cycles (C, N)
-Sedimentary cycles (P, S)
Hydrologic (Water) Cycle
Driven by physical forcesDriven by physical forces
The Carbon Cycle
Driven by biological forces:Driven by biological forces:photosynthesis and respirationphotosynthesis and respiration
The Nitrogen Cycle
Driven by biological forces: bacteriaDriven by biological forces: bacteria
Root nodulesRoot noduleson legumeson legumes
CyanobacteriaCyanobacteria
The Phosphorus Cycle
Driven by physical forcesDriven by physical forces