Energy in Living systems. Energy I: The facts All organisms transform energy Energy = the capacity...
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Transcript of Energy in Living systems. Energy I: The facts All organisms transform energy Energy = the capacity...
![Page 1: Energy in Living systems. Energy I: The facts All organisms transform energy Energy = the capacity to do work Familiar with Kinetic (motion) and Potential.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649e0d5503460f94af637f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Energy in Living systems
![Page 2: Energy in Living systems. Energy I: The facts All organisms transform energy Energy = the capacity to do work Familiar with Kinetic (motion) and Potential.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649e0d5503460f94af637f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Energy I: The facts
• All organisms transform energy• Energy = the capacity to do work• Familiar with Kinetic (motion) and Potential
(capacity) energy types• In living organisms Chemical energy is
important• Conversions of chemical energy are the basis
of life
![Page 3: Energy in Living systems. Energy I: The facts All organisms transform energy Energy = the capacity to do work Familiar with Kinetic (motion) and Potential.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649e0d5503460f94af637f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Energy II: The laws
• We deal with either Closed or Open systems• 1st Law: Energy can be transferred and
transformed but it can never be created nor destroyed
• 2nd Law: Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe (e.g. creating heat)
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6 Types of Energy
• Radiant – Light (photons)• Nuclear – contained in nuclear attraction
between protons and neutrons• Chemical – Stored in the bonds between
atoms in molecules• Mechanical – motion of objects• Thermal – heat energy in the movement of
molecules• Electrical – movement of electrons
![Page 5: Energy in Living systems. Energy I: The facts All organisms transform energy Energy = the capacity to do work Familiar with Kinetic (motion) and Potential.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649e0d5503460f94af637f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Radiant Energy
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Figure 3-10Page 52
Ener
gy e
mitt
ed fr
om s
un (K
cal/
cm2 /
min
)
0
5
10
15
0.25 1 2 2.5 3
Wavelength (micrometers)
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Nuclear energy
![Page 8: Energy in Living systems. Energy I: The facts All organisms transform energy Energy = the capacity to do work Familiar with Kinetic (motion) and Potential.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649e0d5503460f94af637f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Chemical energy
![Page 10: Energy in Living systems. Energy I: The facts All organisms transform energy Energy = the capacity to do work Familiar with Kinetic (motion) and Potential.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649e0d5503460f94af637f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Thermal energy
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Electrical energy
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Transformation of Energy
Solarenergy
Wasteheat
Chemicalenergy
(photosynthesis)
Wasteheat
Wasteheat
Wasteheat
Chemicalenergy(food)
Mechanicalenergy(moving,thinking,
living)
![Page 13: Energy in Living systems. Energy I: The facts All organisms transform energy Energy = the capacity to do work Familiar with Kinetic (motion) and Potential.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649e0d5503460f94af637f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Quality of Energy
• An energy source’s ability to do useful work• High Quality: (1) organized, (2) concentrated,
(3) can perform useful work
• Low Quality: (1) disorganized, (2) dispersed, (3) little ability to do useful work
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Energy Examples
High Quality Energy
1. Electricity2. Chemical E stored in coal
and gas3. Concentrated sunlight4. Nuclei of U-2355. Concentrated Heat
Low Quality Energy
1. Heat in dispersed in the atmosphere
2. Heat stored in an ocean
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ElectricityVery–high-temperature heat (greater than 2,500°C)Nuclear fission (uranium)Nuclear fusion (deuterium)Concentrated sunlightHigh-velocity wind
High-temperature heat (1,000–2,500°C)Hydrogen gasNatural gasGasolineCoalFood
Normal sunlightModerate-velocity windHigh-velocity water flowConcentrated geothermal energyModerate-temperature heat (100–1,000°C)Wood and crop wastes
Dispersed geothermal energyLow-temperature heat (100°C or lower)
Very high
High
Moderate
Low
Source of Energy Relative Energy Quality(usefulness)
Energy Tasks
Very–high-temperature heat (greater than 2,500°C) for industrial processes and producing electricity to run electrical devices (lights, motors)
Mechanical motion (to move vehicles and other things)High-temperature heat (1,000–2,500°C) for industrial processes and producing electricity
Moderate-temperature heat (100–1,000°C) for industrial processes, cooking, producing steam, electricity, and hot water
Low-temperature heat(100°C or less) for
space heating
© 2004 Brooks/Cole – Thom
son Learning
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The Source of All energy on Earth is the …
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The sun
• Lights and warms the planet• Supports photosynthesis radiant energy
converted into chemical energy by plants, protists and bacteria
• Powers the cycling of matter• Drives climate and weather systems
distributing heat and fresh water on earth
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What is the sun?
• 72% hydrogen, 28% helium• Temp and pressure high so H nuclei fuse to form
He releasing energy• Fusion energy radiated as electromagnetic
energy• Earth receives 1 billionth of the suns Energy• Most reflected away or absorbed by atmospheric
chemicals
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![Page 20: Energy in Living systems. Energy I: The facts All organisms transform energy Energy = the capacity to do work Familiar with Kinetic (motion) and Potential.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649e0d5503460f94af637f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Energy to Earth• 34% solar energy reflected back into space by
atmosphere (albedo effect)• 66% remaining– Warms troposphere and land– Evaporates and cycles water– Generates wind
• 0.023% captured by producers for photosynthesis
• Energy eventually transformed to heat and trapped by atmosphere “Natural Greenhouse Effect”
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