Energy- The Ability To Cause Change -

Kinetic Energy energy due to motion

Kinetic Energy and Speed the faster an object moves, the more kinetic

energy it has

Kinetic Energy and Mass objects with more mass have more kinetic energy

Potential Energy stored energy due to the interactions between

objects or particles

There are 3 Types of Potential Energy:1. Gravitational Potential Energy - energy stored between an object and the Earth

depends on the object’s weight and height

Potential Energy2. Elastic Potential Energy – energy stored in objects that are compressed or stretched

ex. rubber bands, springs

3. Chemical Potential Energy – energy stored in the chemical bonds between atoms; released during chemical reactions

ex. food, gasoline

Forms of EnergyForm of Energy Definition Example

Mechanical Energy

sum of kinetic and potential energies in a system of objects

shooting a basketball

Sound Energy energy that sound carries vibrating objects

Thermal Energy sum of kinetic and potential energies of particles that make up an object

heat

warmer cooler

Electric Energy energy an electric current carries

appliances

Radiant/Light Energy

energy carried by electromagnetic waves

light, microwaves, x-rays

Nuclear Energy energy stored and released in the nucleus of atoms

uranium in nuclear power plants

Energy Transformations

Transforming Energy Examples:

microwave oven (electrical radiant thermal)

photosynthesis (radiant chemical)

digestion (chemical mechanical)

Throwing a Ball Into the Air Kinetic Energy to Potential

Energy kinetic energy is greatest when

you first throw it kinetic energy decreases, but

potential energy increases as the ball rises

Potential Energy to Kinetic Energy potential energy is greatest as

the ball reaches its highest point

potential energy decreases, but kinetic energy increases as the ball falls back down

The Law of Conservation of Energy energy can be transformed from one form into

another, but energy cannot be created or destroyed

Friction – a force that resists the sliding of two surfaces that are touching transforms mechanical energy

into thermal energy decrease friction by using

lubricants (ex. oil, grease)

Waste Energy Thermal energy that is “lost” or cannot be

used during a transformation Examples:

Light Bulb (electrical radiant and thermal)

Cars (chemical mechanical and thermal)

Make Some Transformations List the energy transformations in these

objects: Hair Dryer

Solar-powered Calculator

Flashlight

Make Some Transformations List the energy transformations in these

objects: Hair Dryer

(electrical thermal and sound)

Solar-powered Calculator (radiant electrical radiant and thermal)

Flashlight (chemical electrical radiant and thermal)