Energy Harvesting IN VENTO 2014 - Petrini StroNGER.com
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Transcript of Energy Harvesting IN VENTO 2014 - Petrini StroNGER.com
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting under air flow excitation
Francesco Petrini*, Konstantinos Gkoumas, Franco [email protected] , [email protected]
--*Research Associate, School of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza Università di RomaVia Eudossiana 18 - 00184 Rome (ITALY)tel. +39-06-44585072
StroNGER S.r.l., Co-founder and DirectorVia Giacomo Peroni 442-444, Tecnopolo Tiburtino, 00131 Rome (ITALY)--
Genova 24 June 2014
What is StroNGER
Francesco Petrini. [email protected]
A spin-off research Company
Founded in November 2012
Operating in the civil and environmental engineering industry
From Novem
ber 2012
The research group of structural analysis and design at Sapienza Univ.
StroNGER – who we are
Franco Bontempi, PhDStroNGER srl, Scientific Advisor
Prof. of Structural Analysis and DesignSapienza University of Rome
Expertise:- Fire Safety Engineering
- Forensic Engineering
Expertise:- Structural Safety- Structural Identification
Expertise:- Wind Engineering- Performance Based Design
Chiara Crosti, PhDStroNGER srl, CEO
Francesco Petrini, PhDStroNGER srl, Vice Director
Stefania Arangio, PhDStroNGER srl, Director
Konstantinos Gkoumas, PhDStroNGER srl, Partner
Expertise:- Energy Harvesting- Dependability
Francesco Petrini. Co-founder and [email protected] 5
Academic research Industry research R&D
University courses Professional courses
Big group Small group
Design consultant activityResearch experience in structural analysis
CONVERSION: StroNG points
StroNGER S.r.l.
a Spin-off Company (Small Medium Enterprise) that operates in the Civil Engineering industry.
High-profile tools and methodologies that lead to structures that fulfill required
performances under a resilience and sustainability point of view.
StroNGER expertise: • Design and rehabilitation of Civil structures and infrastructures with regard to wind,
earthquakes, waves, landslides, fire and explosions. • Disaster resilience assessment. • Advanced numerical modeling of Civil structures and infrastructures. • Forensic engineering.• Sustainability and Energy Harvesting in Civil structures and infrastructures. StroNGER has been recently awarded by the European Space Agency with the space technology transfer permanent awardStroNGER S.r.l. was founded in 2012 by researchers from the academic world working in the civil engineering field, each one having more than 10 years of experience in the field
www.stronger2012.com [email protected]: +39 0644585070
Structures of the Next Generation – Energy harvesting and Resilience
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StroNGER S.r.l.
a Spin-off Company (Small Medium Enterprise) that operates in the Civil Engineering industry.
High-profile tools and methodologies that lead to structures that fulfill required
performances under a resilience and sustainability point of view.
StroNGER expertise: • Design and rehabilitation of Civil structures and infrastructures with regard to wind,
earthquakes, waves, landslides, fire and explosions. • Disaster resilience assessment. • Advanced numerical modeling of Civil structures and infrastructures. • Forensic engineering.• Sustainability and Energy Harvesting in Civil structures and infrastructures. StroNGER has been recently awarded by the European Space Agency with the space technology transfer permanent awardStroNGER S.r.l. was founded in 2012 by researchers from the academic world working in the civil engineering field, each one having more than 10 years of experience in the field
www.stronger2012.com [email protected]: +39 0644585070
Structures of the Next Generation – Energy harvesting and Resilience
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Introduction
Francesco Petrini. [email protected]
Research motivation
• Sustainability nowadays is a key issue for structures and infrastructures
• Over the last few years, many promising applications of Energy Harvesting (EH) have appeared, not only in academy but also in the design practice
• In the civil engineering field, the energy obtained by EH devices can be used in different applications (e.g. alimentation of monitoring sensors) focusing at the energy sustainability
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Energy Harvesting (EH) can be defined as the sum of all those processes thatallow to capture the freely available energy in the environment and convert itin (electric) energy that can be used or stored.
Harvesting ConversionUse
Storage
Energy harvesting - Overview
Francesco Petrini. Co-founder and [email protected]
ResourcesSun
WaterWind
Temperature differentialMechanical vibrations
Acoustic wavesMagnetic fields
…
Extraction systemsMagnetic Induction
ElectrostaticPiezoelectricPhotovoltaic
Thermal EnergyRadiofrequencyRadiant Energy
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Piezo Energy Harvesters drawback
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Applications for the energy sustainabilityEH in buildings – a premise
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• EH devices are used for powering remote monitoring sensors (e.g. temperature sensors, airquality sensors), also those placed inside heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) ducts.
• These sensors are very important for the minimization of energy consumption in largebuildings
Image courtesy of enocean-alliance®
http://www.enocean-alliance.org
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a. Steel plate (support)
b. Sensor transmitter module
c. Piezoelectric bender
d. Fin
e. Temperature probe
f. Tip mass
Proposal of space technology transfer for the design, testing, production andcommercialization of a self-powered piezoelectric temperature and humidity sensor(PiezoTSensor), for the optimum energy management in building HVAC (Heating,Ventilation and Air Condition) systems.
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4 PiezoTSensor ©
HVAC upper wall
HVAC lower wall HVAC lower wall
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4 Advantages from the vortex shedding effect
A body, immersed in a current flow,produces a wake made of vorticesthat periodically detachalternatively from the body itselfwith a frequency ns.
��� � � �� ∙ sin 2 ∙ ���
�� ��� ∙ �
�
�� � ��,� ∙ ���
��.� � � � � ∙ 2 ∙ ∙ ��,� ∙ ��,� � ∙ ��,� ∙ ���,�
��,� � ��
� � ��
� � 2 � 5�/
AVOID THE DRAWNBACK: By setting the aerodynamic fin to undergo in VS regime we can obtain the maximum efficiency in terms of energy extraction
CNR-DT 207/2008
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4 PiezoTSensor – development plan
Numerical model
Analytical model
Experimental test
FEM structural modelCFD flow model
Field tests
Commercialization
©
IPR Patent
FEM analysis
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4 PiezoTSensor – parametric analysis
LEAD ZIRCONATE TITANATEDensity ρ 7800 kg/m3
Young Modulus E 6.6 x103 N/m2
Poisson ratio υ 0.2Relative dielectric constant
kT3
1800
Permittivity ε 1.602 x10-8 F/mPiezoelectric constant d31 -190 x10-12 m/V (C/N)
ELEMENTS DIMENSIONS VALUES (m)
BENDER
l 0.06÷0.2 mb 0.001÷0.08 md 0.02÷0.05 ma 0.01
PIEZOELECTRIC PATCH
l1 0.0286b1 0.0017d1 0.0127
ADDED MASSl2 variableb2 0.01d2 d
MATERIAL E (N/m2) ρ (kg/m3)Aluminium 6.4 ∙ 10�� 2700
Lead 4 ∙ 10�� 7400
©
In collaboration with Sara Ferri
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4 PiezoTSensor – parametric analysis
Design of a bender made of a certain material with a piezoelectric patch, which can experiment the resonance (lock-in) with the
external force deriving from the Vortex Shedding phenomenon.
The lock-in conditions produce the highest level of power.
��,�, ���, ����,�, ���, ��Dimensions
MaterialsConfigurations
∆�,�∆�, �Dimensions
Added massDesign points
©
In collaboration with Sara Ferri
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PiezoTSensor
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15ΔV2
(V)
t (s) (x10-3)
ΔV2 (Length)
l=0.15l=0.16l=0.17l=0.18l=0.19l=0.20
Voltage output for different bender lengthsIn
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In collaboration with Sara Ferri
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4 PiezoTSensor – parametric analysis
02468
1012
0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Critic
al Ve
locity
(m/s)
d (m)
Critical Velocity (Width)
The Critical Velocity increases with the thickness and the width, it
decreases with the length.
0
5
10
15
20
0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008
Critic
al Ve
locity
(m/s)
b (m)
Critical Velocity (Thickness)
0102030405060
0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2Critic
al Ve
locity
(m/s)
l (m)
Critical Velocity (Length)
©
Velocity range in HVACs � � 2 � 5�/In collaboration with Sara Ferri
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4 PiezoTSensor – mass analysis (material)
High frequencies
High critical velocities
b=0.003b=0.004
b=0.005b=0.006
050
100150200250
l=0.15 l=0.16 l=0.17 l=0.18 l=0.19 l=0.20
Frequ
ency
(Hz)
Frequency (Aluminium)
200-250150-200100-15050-1000-50
b=0.003b=0.004
b=0.005b=0.006
0
5
10
15
l=0.15 l=0.16 l=0.17 l=0.18 l=0.19 l=0.20
Critic
al Ve
locity
(m/s)
Critical Velocity (Aluminium)10-15
5-10
0-5
©
Velocity range in HVACs � � 2 � 5�/In collaboration with Sara Ferri
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PiezoTSensor – tip mass analysis
0.000.010.020.030.040.050.06
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Mass
Legn
th (m
)
Critical Velocity (m/s)
Mass length (Vcr)
00.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.08
0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.2
Mass
length
(m)
l (m)
Mass Length (Bender Length)
00.020.040.060.080.1
0.120.14
0.003 0.0035 0.004 0.0045 0.005 0.0055 0.006
Mass
length
(m)
b (m)
Mass Length (Bender Thickness) ��� � �̅��
��� � �̅�� ∙ ��� � � ��� �� � � ��
∆� � �� �� � � ��� � ���������
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©
In collaboration with Sara Ferri
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PiezoTSensor – power production In
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1015202530
0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.2
Powe
r (µW)
l (m)
Power (Length)
P1-PEAKP1-RMSP2-PEAKP2-RMS
010203040506070
0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006
Powe
r (μW)
b (m)
Power (Thickness)
P1-PEAKP1-RMSP2-PEAKP2-RMS
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2 3 4 5
Powe
r (µW)
Critical Velocity (m/s)
Power (vcr)
PEAKRMS
FICTITIOUS MATERIALYoung Modulus E 3.45 x1010 N/m2
Density ρ 7000 kg/m3
� � ∆�
� R� 1000Ω
©
In collaboration with Sara Ferri
02468
1012141618
0.0095 0.014 0.0185 0.023 0.0275 0.032 0.0365 0.041 0.0455 0.05
ΔV (V
)
l2 (m)
ΔV
ΔV1-peakΔV1-RMSΔV2-peakΔV2-RMS
0
50
100
150
200
250
0.0095 0.014 0.0185 0.023 0.0275 0.032 0.0365 0.041 0.0455 0.05
Powe
r (µW)
lnec (m)
Power
P1-PEAKP1-RMSP2-PEAKP2-RMS
VOLTAGE (V)
POWER (µW)
PEAK 15.4 237.2RMS 11.23 126.25
Dimensions ValuesLength l 0.17 m
Thickness b 0.005 mWidth d 0.03 m
Added mass (kg) 0.017÷0.189
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4 Summary
In collaboration with Sara Ferri
Applications for the energy sustainabilityEnergy Harvesting for monitoring HVACs operating conditions
Currently:• Power is provided by batteries or EH devices based on thermal or RF methods• Sensors work intermittently (to consume less power ~ 100µW)An EH sensor based on piezoelectric material has several advantages being capable to provide upto 10-15 times more power than currently used devices leading to additional applications orlonger operation time.
Image courtesy of enocean-alliance®
http://www.enocean-alliance.org
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4 Conclusion – Advantages VS competitors
• PiezoTSensor harvests a higheramount of energy from air flow, andthus has a higher autonomy, somethingthat can lead to a higher sampling rate.
• PiezoTSensor generates energy froman intrinsic characteristic of HVACsystems (the air flow inside the ducts).
• Competitors
• EnOceanTM ECT 310 Perpetuum
• POWERCASTTM P1110 Powerharvester Receiver
• Distech ControlsTM SR65 AKF - Duct Temperature