Energy Flow 3-2 Biology Flora. Producers Producers/autotrophs – organism that can capture energy...
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Transcript of Energy Flow 3-2 Biology Flora. Producers Producers/autotrophs – organism that can capture energy...
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Energy Flow3-2
BiologyFlora
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Producers
• Producers/autotrophs – organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce it’s own food– Ex: plants– Photosynthesizing bacteria• Photosynthesis – process by which autotrophs use light
energy to power reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates• Chemosynthesis – using chemical energy to produce
carbohydrates
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Consumers
• Consumer/Heterotrophs – organisms that rely on other organisms for their source of energy– Types of consumers:• Herbivore – eat plants• Carnivore – eat meat• Omnivore – eats plants and meat• Detritivores – feed on plant and animal remains• Decomposers – break down organic matter
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Feeding Relationships
• Sun/Inorganic Compounds → Autotrophs → Heterotrophs
• Food Chains – series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten– Ex: grass → grasshopper → bird → coyote → bear• “Arrow goes where the food flows”• Ex: figure 3-7 – page 69
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Cont. Feeding Relationships
• Each step of the food chain is known as a trophic level• Producers make up the first trophic level• Consumers make up the 2nd, 3rd, and higher trophic
levels• Each consumer depends on the trophic level below it
for energy.
• Food Web – network of interactions formed by feeding relationships among organisms in an ecosystem. Links all the food chains together.
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Ecological Pyramids
• Ecological Pyramid – diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter contained in each trophic level of a food chain or web.
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Ecological Pyramids
– 3 types • Energy Pyramid – Shows the relative amount of energy
available at each trophic level– 10 % energy carry-over between each trophic level
• Biomass Pyramid – shows the total amount of living organic matter within a trophic level
• Pyramid of Numbers – Shows the number of individual organisms at each trophic level