ENERGY IN A CELL. AUTOTROPHS – USE ENERGY TO MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD – EXAMPLES INCLUDE… PLANTS,...

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ENERGY IN A CELL

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Transcript of ENERGY IN A CELL. AUTOTROPHS – USE ENERGY TO MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD – EXAMPLES INCLUDE… PLANTS,...

Page 1: ENERGY IN A CELL. AUTOTROPHS – USE ENERGY TO MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD – EXAMPLES INCLUDE… PLANTS, GREEN ALGAE, AND SOME BACTERIA AUTOTROPHS – USE ENERGY TO.

ENERGY IN A CELL

Page 2: ENERGY IN A CELL. AUTOTROPHS – USE ENERGY TO MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD – EXAMPLES INCLUDE… PLANTS, GREEN ALGAE, AND SOME BACTERIA AUTOTROPHS – USE ENERGY TO.

AUTOTROPHS – USE ENERGY TO MAKE

THEIR OWN FOOD– EXAMPLES INCLUDE…

• PLANTS, GREEN ALGAE, AND SOME BACTERIA

HETEROTROPHS– OBTAIN ENERGY FROM

THE FOOD THEY CONSUME

– EXAMPLES INCLUDE…• HERBIVORES• OMNIVORES• CARNIVORES • DETRITIVORES• DECOMPOSERS

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CHEMICAL ENERGY

THE ACTIVITIES OF THE CELL ARE POWERED BY CHEMICAL ENERGY STORED IN MOLECULES OF ATP.

SO WHEN WE SAY “WE NEED ENERGY” WE’RE REALLY SAYING “WE NEED ATP”.

Q: “HOW DO WE GET ATP?”A: “FROM GLUCOSE.”

Q: “HOW DO WE GET GLUCOSE?”A: “FROM THE FOOD WE EAT.”

Remember: Autotrophs get glucose from the food they make via photosynthesis

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ATP: ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE- Energy is stored in the bonds of ATP- When the bond is broken, energy is

released

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The ADP-ATP CycleWhen ATP is used, it loses a phosphate group and becomes ADP. There is still potential energy in the remaining two bonds.

If the cell does not need more energy immediately, it will add a phosphate group to the ADP, which becomes ATP.

ATP ADP + + ENERGY

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PHOTOSYNTHESISALL AUTOTROPHS CAN DO IT.

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PHOTOSYNTHESISA PROCESS THAT CONVERTS SOLAR ENERGY INTO CHEMICAL ENERGY BY MAKING GLUCOSE

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THE CHLOROPLAST

PHOTOSYNTHESIS ACTUALLY OCCURS IN 2 AREAS...IN THE THYLAKOIDS (DISCS) AND IN THE STROMA (GEL)

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PHOTOSYNTHESISOCCURS IN 2 STAGES:

1ST THE LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTIONS

2ND THE LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTIONS (AKA THE Calvin Cycle)

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THYLAKOIDS

THYLAKOIDS ARE FILLED WITH CHLOROPHYLL, A GREEN PIGMENT THAT TRAPS SUNLIGHT.

THEREFORE, THE LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTIONS OCCUR IN THE THYLAKOIDS.

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STROMA

STROMA IS THE GEL THAT SURROUNDS THE THYLAKOIDS AND FILLS THE CHLOROPLAST.

IT CANNOT TRAP SUNLIGHT (NO CHLOROPHYLL).

THUS, THE LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTIONS OCCUR IN THE STROMA.

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THE LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTIONSReactants: 1) WATER2) SUNLIGHT *chlorophyll traps energy from the sun*so much energy is absorbed, the water molecule splits Products:1) OXYGEN goes to the atmosphere2) HYDROGEN goes to the light independent reactions 3) 2 ATP are made and go to the light independent reactions

* REMEMBER: LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTIONS OCCUR IN THE THYLAKOIDS (ON THE LEFT IN THIS PIC) & THE LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTIONS (CALVIN CYCLE) OCCUR IN THE STROMA (ON THE RIGHT)

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Reactants: 1) Hydrogen from the light reactions 2)Carbon Dioxide from the atmosphere 3) 2 ATP from the light reactions

Products: 1) Glucose 2) 2 ADP

* REMEMBER: LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTIONS OCCUR IN THE THYLAKOIDS (ON THE LEFT IN THIS PIC) & THE LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTIONS (CALVIN CYCLE) OCCUR IN THE STROMA (ON THE RIGHT)

THE LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTIONS AKA CALVIN CYCLE

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H2O

O2

H

CO2

C6H12O6

CALVINCYCLE

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CELLULAR RESPIRATIONALL ORGANISMS CAN DO IT.

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CELLULAR RESPIRATIONA PROCESS THAT CONVERTS FOOD (GLUCOSE) INTO CHEMICAL ENERGY BY MAKING ATP

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THE MITOCHONDRIA

CELLULAR RESPIRATION ACTUALLY OCCURS IN 2 AREAS... CYTOPLASM (for glycolysis and fermentation) & MITOCHONDRIA (for Kreb’s Cycle and the ETC)

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AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION OCCURS IN 3 STAGES:

1ST - GLYCOLYSIS2ND - KREB’S CYCLE (AKA THE Citric Acid Cycle)

3rd -ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

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GLYCOLYSISGLYCOLYSIS

GLUCOSE

2 ATP-GLUCOSE IS BROKEN DOWN INTO 2 PYRUVATE MOLECULES

-THIS OCCURS IN THE CYTOPLASM

- OCCURS WITHOUT OXYGEN

AEROBIC RESPIRATION

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

REACTANTS:- GLUCOSEPRODUCTS:- 2 PYRUVATES- 2 ATP

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KREB’S CYCLEGLYCOLYSIS

GLUCOSE

2 ATP-IN THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN PYRUVATE WILL ENTER THE MITOCHONDRIA AND BEGIN THE KREB’S CYCLE.

- 2 ATP & CO2 ARE MADE

- HIGH ENERGYELECTRONS ARE PRODUCED

AEROBIC RESPIRATION

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

Reactants:- 2 pyruvatesProducts:- 2 ATP- CO2

- electrons

KREB’S CYCLE

2 ATP

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ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN GLYCOLYSIS

GLUCOSE

2 ATP-HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS ARE USED IN THE MITOCHONDRIA TO CREATE LOTS OF ATP

-O2

IS THE FINAL ELECTRON ACCEPTOR AND COMBINES WITH HYDROGEN TO FORM WATER

AEROBIC RESPIRATION

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

REACTANTS:-ELECTRONS

-OXYGEN-HYDROGEN

PRODUCTS:-WATER-34 ATP

KREB’S CYCLE

2 ATP

34 ATP

O2 H2 H2O

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THE TOTALS- GLYCOLYSIS, KREB’S CYCLE, AND THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN RELEASE ABOUT 36 MOLECULES OF ATP PER MOLECULE OF GLUCOSE.

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FERMENTATIONGLYCOLYSIS

GLUCOSE

2 ATP- ANAEROBIC PROCESS- Occurs in the absence

of oxygen

- Makes a few ATP very quickly

- Lactic acid is produced in muscles

- EthanolIs a type of alcohol

AEROBIC RESPIRATION

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

FERMENTATIONKREB’S CYCLE

2 ATP

34 ATP

O2 H2 H2OPRODUCES…- LACTIC ACID

OR ETHANOL

Page 24: ENERGY IN A CELL. AUTOTROPHS – USE ENERGY TO MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD – EXAMPLES INCLUDE… PLANTS, GREEN ALGAE, AND SOME BACTERIA AUTOTROPHS – USE ENERGY TO.

Ecosystems and Human Interferences Chapter 48. Outline Biotic Components Biotic Components Autotrophs Autotrophs Heterotrophs Heterotrophs Energy Flow.

Ecosystems and Human Interferences Chapter 48. Outline Biotic Components Biotic Components Autotrophs Autotrophs Heterotrophs Heterotrophs Energy Flow.

Cell Energy: Photosynthesis. Where Does Energy Come From? Autotrophs: Use light energy from the sun to produce food necessary to give them energy.

Cell Energy: Photosynthesis. Where Does Energy Come From? Autotrophs: Use light energy from the sun to produce food necessary to give them energy.

Cellular Metabolism. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Autotrophs are organisms that make their own glucose. How Organisms Obtain Energy Heterotrophs are.

Cellular Metabolism. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Autotrophs are organisms that make their own glucose. How Organisms Obtain Energy Heterotrophs are.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS Autotrophs: Plants and plant-like organisms make their energy (glucose) from sunlight or chemical bonds Phototroph - use light as an energy.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS Autotrophs: Plants and plant-like organisms make their energy (glucose) from sunlight or chemical bonds Phototroph - use light as an energy.

Photosynthesis Chapter 8. Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs Autotrophs: Plants and some other types of organisms that use light energy from SUNLIGHT to.

Photosynthesis Chapter 8. Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs Autotrophs: Plants and some other types of organisms that use light energy from SUNLIGHT to.

Energy Transfer in Ecosystem Vocabulary Trophic = nutrition –Autotrophs –Heterotrophs.

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PHOTOSYNTHESIS. I. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs SUN Energy for living things comes from the SUN Plants and other organisms use light energy from the sun.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS. I. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs SUN Energy for living things comes from the SUN Plants and other organisms use light energy from the sun.

CHARACTERISTICS OF CLASSIFICATION. 1. HOW ORGANISMS GET ENERGY Autotrophs Organisms that make their own food are called autotrophs. Auto- means “self”,

CHARACTERISTICS OF CLASSIFICATION. 1. HOW ORGANISMS GET ENERGY Autotrophs Organisms that make their own food are called autotrophs. Auto- means “self”,

Autotrophs vs Heterotrophs. Autotrophs A groups of organisms that can use the energy in sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into Glucose (food)

Autotrophs vs Heterotrophs. Autotrophs A groups of organisms that can use the energy in sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into Glucose (food)

Cellular Respiration. Harvesting Chemical Energy So we see how energy enters food chains (via autotrophs) we can look at how organisms use that energy.

Cellular Respiration. Harvesting Chemical Energy So we see how energy enters food chains (via autotrophs) we can look at how organisms use that energy.

Chapter 5: Obtaining energy and nutrients for life Heterotrophs and autotrophs Autotrophs and photosynthesis Heterotrophs and food The digestive system.

Chapter 5: Obtaining energy and nutrients for life Heterotrophs and autotrophs Autotrophs and photosynthesis Heterotrophs and food The digestive system.

4.1 EnergyforLife - · PDF filePhotosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Worksheets ... Autotrophs are organisms that make their own food. Most autotrophs use the energy in sunlight

4.1 EnergyforLife - · PDF filePhotosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Worksheets ... Autotrophs are organisms that make their own food. Most autotrophs use the energy in sunlight

Energy flow through Ecosystems. Producers Use energy from the sun and convert it to Chemical energy through photosynthesis. Also known as Autotrophs or.

Energy flow through Ecosystems. Producers Use energy from the sun and convert it to Chemical energy through photosynthesis. Also known as Autotrophs or.

Cellular Respiration. Both autotrophs and heterotrophs use the compounds in food for energy sources. Autotrophs make their own glucose. Heterotrophs.

Cellular Respiration. Both autotrophs and heterotrophs use the compounds in food for energy sources. Autotrophs make their own glucose. Heterotrophs.

Chapter 6 Photosynthesis Section 6.1. Energy Processes for Life Autotrophs manufacture their own food from inorganic substances Autotrophs manufacture.

Chapter 6 Photosynthesis Section 6.1. Energy Processes for Life Autotrophs manufacture their own food from inorganic substances Autotrophs manufacture.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS CAPTURING ENERGY Chapter 6. ENERGY Autotrophs – Organisms that make their own food from inorganic substances and energy (ATP). –Use photosynthesis.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS CAPTURING ENERGY Chapter 6. ENERGY Autotrophs – Organisms that make their own food from inorganic substances and energy (ATP). –Use photosynthesis.

Situation: the autotrophs have produced sugar and oxygen. Energy

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Nutrition and Energy Flow What eats what?. How organisms get energy Autotrophs make their own nutrients Autotrophs make their own nutrients Plants use.

Nutrition and Energy Flow What eats what?. How organisms get energy Autotrophs make their own nutrients Autotrophs make their own nutrients Plants use.

Photosynthesis Chapter 8. 8-1: Energy & Life What is energy? The ability to do work. What is the difference between autotrophs & heterotrophs? Autotrophs.

Photosynthesis Chapter 8. 8-1: Energy & Life What is energy? The ability to do work. What is the difference between autotrophs & heterotrophs? Autotrophs.

Energy in Ecosystems Producers – Basis of an ecosystem’s energy – Autotrophs: perform photosynthesis to make sugars – Chemotrophs: Bacteria which use.

Energy in Ecosystems Producers – Basis of an ecosystem’s energy – Autotrophs: perform photosynthesis to make sugars – Chemotrophs: Bacteria which use.