Energy Ch. 15. Forms of Energy Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system to do work...
-
Upload
jayden-montgomery -
Category
Documents
-
view
226 -
download
8
Transcript of Energy Ch. 15. Forms of Energy Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system to do work...
![Page 1: Energy Ch. 15. Forms of Energy Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system to do work Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062404/5519ea0e550346d67b8b4b1a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Energy
Ch. 15
![Page 2: Energy Ch. 15. Forms of Energy Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system to do work Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062404/5519ea0e550346d67b8b4b1a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Forms of Energy Energy is the ability or capacity of
any physical system to do work Work is done by forces Kinetic Energy – energy in motion Potential Energy – energy at rest or
stored energy Any form of energy can be
converted into another form
![Page 3: Energy Ch. 15. Forms of Energy Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system to do work Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062404/5519ea0e550346d67b8b4b1a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Types of Energy
Thermal – a.k.a. heat energy Electrical – from forces of the
electrical charges of subatomic particles (p & e)
Light – radiant energy (makes up the electromagnetic spectrum)
Nuclear – stored in the bonds of an atom’s nucleus (given off by breaking or creating those bonds)
![Page 4: Energy Ch. 15. Forms of Energy Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system to do work Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062404/5519ea0e550346d67b8b4b1a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Transformation
Changing one form of energy into another
Ex: Hydroelectric dams use generators to transform the kinetic mechanical energy of falling water into kinetic electrical energy
![Page 5: Energy Ch. 15. Forms of Energy Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system to do work Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062404/5519ea0e550346d67b8b4b1a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy is neither created nor destroyed, it is changed from one form to another
In a closed system, the amount of energy remains constant. (Ex: the cells in your body)
In an open systems, energy is lost to heat and other transformations.
Explained by James Prescott Joule
![Page 6: Energy Ch. 15. Forms of Energy Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system to do work Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062404/5519ea0e550346d67b8b4b1a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Chemical & Mechanical
Chemical potential energy is stored in the nutrients in food – your cells transform it into kinetic energy
Some of this energy is changed into mechanical energy (Ex: when your brain sends a signal to move your muscle)
Changes into Mechanical Energy
![Page 7: Energy Ch. 15. Forms of Energy Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system to do work Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062404/5519ea0e550346d67b8b4b1a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
When you speak – mechanical energy in your breath is changed into sound energy by your vocal chords
Nerve cells transform chemical energy into electrical energy that transmits nerve signals to parts of the body
When you eat, chemical energy from food is turned into thermal energy (heat energy)
![Page 8: Energy Ch. 15. Forms of Energy Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system to do work Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062404/5519ea0e550346d67b8b4b1a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Other animals do this too…
Electric eels – use electrical energy to stun their prey or keep predators away with powerful shocks
Fireflies – transform chemical energy into light energy
![Page 9: Energy Ch. 15. Forms of Energy Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system to do work Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062404/5519ea0e550346d67b8b4b1a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Other uses…
Thermal energy keeps us warm when its cold outside
When a match is struck, friction transforms mechanical energy into enough thermal energy to ignite the match
Chemical energy stored in the wood of the matchstick changes into more thermal energy as the wood burns
![Page 10: Energy Ch. 15. Forms of Energy Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system to do work Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062404/5519ea0e550346d67b8b4b1a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Mass related to energy…
The more mass an object has, the more energy it can absorb
Ex: The ocean’s huge mass absorbs a tremendous amount of heat during the summer & releases it during the winter – this helps keep coastal climates more moderate during both seasons
![Page 11: Energy Ch. 15. Forms of Energy Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system to do work Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062404/5519ea0e550346d67b8b4b1a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Lava lamps…
Transform electrical energy into light energy, mechanical energy, and thermal energy.
These transformations happen all day every day, in our bodies
and all around us
![Page 12: Energy Ch. 15. Forms of Energy Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system to do work Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062404/5519ea0e550346d67b8b4b1a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Mechanical Energy…2 parts
Kinetic energy Potential energy ME = KE + PE
![Page 13: Energy Ch. 15. Forms of Energy Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system to do work Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062404/5519ea0e550346d67b8b4b1a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Kinetic Energy Energy in motion KE = ½ • m • v2
KE = ½ mass • velocity2
![Page 14: Energy Ch. 15. Forms of Energy Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system to do work Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062404/5519ea0e550346d67b8b4b1a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Figure it out… What is the K.E. of a 10 kg mass
moving w/ a velocity of 10 m/s? KE=½ mv2
KE=½ (10 kg) (10 m/s)2
KE=500 kg•m2/s2
1 kg•m2/s2 =1 J KE=500 J What if you double the mass? What if you double the velocity?
![Page 15: Energy Ch. 15. Forms of Energy Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system to do work Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062404/5519ea0e550346d67b8b4b1a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Potential Energy Energy at rest = potential to move PEg = m • g • h g = gravitational acceleration = ? PEg = mass • 9.8 m/s2 • height Always measured in reference to the
height Different types of potential energy Involves mass, gravity, & height
![Page 16: Energy Ch. 15. Forms of Energy Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system to do work Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062404/5519ea0e550346d67b8b4b1a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Figure it out… What is the PE of a 10 kg rock on top of
a 100 m hill? PEg = m g h
PEg = (10 kg) (9.8 m/s2) (100 m)
PEg = 9800 kg • m/s2 • m PEg = 9800 J
![Page 17: Energy Ch. 15. Forms of Energy Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system to do work Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062404/5519ea0e550346d67b8b4b1a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Reminder
ME = KE + PE N = kg • m/s2
J = N • m Acceleration due to Gravity = 9.8
m/s2
![Page 18: Energy Ch. 15. Forms of Energy Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system to do work Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062404/5519ea0e550346d67b8b4b1a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Ch 14 & 15 Review Work, Power, Energy
Formulas W = F • d P = W / t PEg = m • g • h KE = ½ • m • v2
![Page 19: Energy Ch. 15. Forms of Energy Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system to do work Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062404/5519ea0e550346d67b8b4b1a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Facts
IMA vs. AMA Why? Newton’s laws of motion 1st
2nd
3rd
![Page 20: Energy Ch. 15. Forms of Energy Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system to do work Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062404/5519ea0e550346d67b8b4b1a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
.
![Page 21: Energy Ch. 15. Forms of Energy Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system to do work Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062404/5519ea0e550346d67b8b4b1a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
More facts
Work is done only if there is movement
How do we arrive at a number for amu of an element?
Covalent vs. Ionic bonds How do they form? Which ones
pair up? Co = NM & NM I = M & NM
![Page 22: Energy Ch. 15. Forms of Energy Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system to do work Energy is the ability or capacity of any physical system.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062404/5519ea0e550346d67b8b4b1a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
More facts
Law of Conservation of Energy ? Chemical change vs. Physical
Change