THE ENERGETIC UTILISATION OF RICE HUSKS IN RICE MILLS IN THE PHILIPPINES

Jeriel G. Militar Project Director

Affiliated Renewable Energy Center

Central Philippine University (CPU-AREC)

Iloilo City, Philippines

PRESENTATION CONTENT

Background

Rice & Rice Residue Statistics

Rice Husk Utilisation Considerations

Rice Husk Energy Potential

Ongoing Rice Husk Study Deliverables

Technologies Using Rice Husks

Related Policies on Rice Husk Utilisation

Presentation is part of an ongoing “Study

on Rice Husk Potential as Energy Source in

Panay”

Funded under the BMZ IZR Project

“Powering Agriculture”

BACKGROUND

BACKGROUND

PANAY ISLAND

Why Panay?

Panay is among the top rice producing regions in the country

Situation in Panay is comparable to other large rice producing regions in the country

Iloilo, the 3rd top rice producing province, is also located in Panay

Previous study included Iloilo as among feasible area for rice husk power plants

BACKGROUND

RICE & RICE RESIDUE STATISTICS

Rice is the main Philippine agricultural crop

Cropping is done 1 to 3 times a year

Rice straw is approximately 29% of rice

production by weight:

1 ton of Rice = 290 kg Straw generated

Rice husk is approximately 20% of rice

production by weight:

1 ton Rice = 200 kg Husk generated

AREA Rice Straw * Husk *

PHILIPPINES 17.72 5.14 3.54

PANAY 1.68 0.49 0.34

Iloilo 0.93 0.27 0.19

* Straw and Husk are computed at 29% & 20% of Rice production values.

Annual Rice & Rice Residue Production in Million Metric Tons, 2011-2013 Average

RICE & RICE RESIDUE STATISTICS

Rice straw - usually left on the paddy field to

decay or burned

too bulky to store or haul as fuel

used to cook pottery by open-field firing

Rice husk still considered as waste and a

disposal problem by many rice mills

Utilisation as fuel still limited and in small

scale in many areas

Fuel for cook stoves, kilns, ovens, dryers

RICE RESIDUE UTILISATION

Positive characteristics:

High calorific value ( >3,000 kcal/kg )

Renewable, usually free and already

concentrated at mill site

Carbon-neutral fuel

Negative characteristics:

Difficult to ignite & burn

with open flame

RICE HUSK UTILISATION CONSIDERATIONS

Negative characteristics:

Difficult to haul & store - bulky and dusty

(normal density of 70-110 kg/m3 )

Ash content (17-26%) is a lot higher than fuel

wood (0.2-2%) and coal (12.2%).

Very abrasive and wears contact equipment

very quickly.

Low melting point of ash - problem of stench

and clogging during firing

RICE HUSK UTILISATION CONSIDERATIONS

Important findings of previous studies:

Direct combustion is recommended for most

heat applications

Gasification is recommended only for small to

medium scale utilisation

Hauling & storage costs are high, so…

Energetic utilisation is best done at the mill site

RICE HUSK UTILISATION CONSIDERATIONS

Energy Equivalence:*

1 Ton Rice Husk = 410 to 570 KWh

Rice Husk Energy Potential

AREA

50% of ANNUAL HUSK GENERATION,

in MMT

ENERGY EQUIVALENT

In Million KWh MW

CAPACITY

PHILIPPINES 1.77 726.46 82.93

Panay 0.17 68.99 7.88

Iloilo 0.09 37.95 4.33

* From http://www.bioenergyconsult.com/tag/rice-husk/

Map of rice husk availability and locations of rice

mills by municipality

List of issues related to energetic rice husk

utilization

List of rice mills for possible hosting of rice husk

fueled power plant– could be visited for trade

mission or similar purposes

List of rice mill owners and other groups willing to

invest in energetic utilisation of rice husk

Ongoing Rice Husk Study Deliverables

Flatbed Paddy Dryer Using Direct Combustion

Nueva Ecija, Philippines (by Alexis T. Belonio)

Technologies Using Rice Husks

Flatbed Paddy Dryer Using Gasifier

Nueva Ecija, Philippines (by Alexis T. Belonio)

Technologies Using Rice Husks

1-MW Power Plant of

Isabela La Suerte Rice

Mill Corporation

Located in

San Miguel, Isabela

Status: Operational

since 2008

(An offshoot of an

EAEF-funded study

made in 2005)

Technologies Using Rice Husks

2-MW Power Plant of

Golden Season Grains

Center, Inc.

Located in

Luna, Isabela

Status: Operational

since 2011

(An offshoot of an

EAEF-funded study

made in 2005)

Technologies Using Rice Husks

Golden Season Grains Center Rice Husk Fired Mechanical Dryer

Technologies Using Rice Husks

Golden Season & Family Choice Rice Mills

Power Plant Specifications:

Technology (CHP) was designed and supplied

by Kokholm Energi-Miljo Tecknik A/S (K.E.M.) of

Denmark

Engineering, Procurement & Construction (EPC)

by Nviro Filipino Corporation.

Turbo-generator set was sourced from M+M

Turbinen Technik GmbH of Germany

Technologies Using Rice Husks

Related Policies on Rice Husk Utilization in

the Philippines

Incentives under the Renewable Energy Law:

Feed-In Tariff for Biomass = PhP 6.63 /KWh

Net Metering – end-user with RE generation can supply the DU up to100 KW of excess generation

Priority Dispatch – qualified/registered RE generators enjoy priority dispatch by the grid operator.

Duty-free importation of RE equipment & other tax-

based incentives

Danke!