End-to-end Cognitive Radio Testbed

(EECRT )

Kalle Ruttik

Department of Communications and Networking

Aalto University School of Electrical Engineering

Project goals

The goal of the project is to create a living lab cognitive

radio test-bed. Building and experimenting with the test-

bed will create new scientific and engineering

understanding on the interplay of the technical and

economic boundary constraints on the design and

regulation of future cognitive radio systems operating on

new bands, primarily in the present TV-spectrum.

Summary

• Study of the technical and economical control interfaces

between players

• User plane: end-to-end cognitive connectivity

– Cognitive radio access

– Cognitive transport

• Control plane:

– Radio resource control in a network of cognitive radios

– Interference management

Existing Cellular infrastructure

Existing Wi-Fi infrastructure

EECRT cognitive radio network

EECRT

radio

TXRX

EECRT

radio

TXRX

Data inData out

EECRT

end2end

cognitive

transport

EECRT

end2end

cognitive

transport

EECRT CR

cognitive

resource

manager

EECRT end2end

cognitive

resource manager

Spectrum

managerRegulatory

framework

EECRT cognitive radio platform

Interface to

Spectrum managing

database

Data

user

Interface to

Spectrum Users

User with

test cases

Interface to

EECRT platform user

WP 1 Techno-economics

WP1: Techno-economics –

Results from first phase

• Relationship and evolution of technical and business

architectures of CR systems were examined

• Main theme areas

– Evolution paths towards CR (different markets, 3GPP vs. IEEE)

– Value network orchestration for CR

– Spectrum market design and evaluation

• Work resulted in several publications in respected

conferences and journals (see separate list)

• Example: Market mechanism design and evaluation with

agent based modeling

Value Network design of a Market Mechanism

Mobile Operator (MO)

Mobile Broadband service

Wide Area Network

Local Area Operator (LAO)

Wi-Fi service (ISM or

TVWS band)

Local Area Network

Spectrum Exchange

Trade Facilitation service

Spectrum Database

TV Broadcaster (TVB)

DTV Service

Broadcast Network

Offer to buy

capacity

Brokerage Fee

payment

Offer to lease

capacity

Brokerage Fee

payment

Interworking

architecture b/w

3GPP and WLAN

Leased capacity

payment

Time-limited

capacity lease

agreement

Da

ta

su

bsc

rip

tio

n

SD

R

tech

no

log

y

Generic protocol to

access databaseGeneric protocol to

access database

Revenue sharing

mechanism

Generic protocol to

access database

MO Subscriber

Mobile internet

consumption

Multiple RAT

Terminal

Case2: Super Wi-Fi Capacity

Market

Venue Owner

LA Access

Account Operation

Authentication,

Authorization and

Accounting

Fixed Internet

Access Operation

Service Application

Provisioning

Service Application

WA Network

Operation

Wide Area Network

LA Network

Operation

Usage

Device

LA Venue

Ownership

Fixed Access Network

Local Area AP

Building space

End-user

Broadband Access OperatorService Provider

Mobile Operator

Technical Interface

Business Interface

Role

Technical

Component

Actor

A. Taparia, T. R. Casey and H. Hämmäinen, ”Towards a Market Mechanism

for Heterogeneous Secondary Spectrum Usage: An Evolutionary

Approach”, in the 6th DySPAN, Washington, USA, October 2012

Agent based

model of the

market

mechanism

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

Euro

s/d

ayLease time (in seconds)

Wi-Fi capacity market: Analysis for (10x90) LAO config.

Mobile Operators

Wi-Fi Local AreaOperators

Capacity Broker

Spectrum Exchange

-4000

-3000

-2000

-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

Euro

s/d

ay

Lease time (in seconds)

Super Wi-Fi capacity market: Analysis for (10x90) LAO config.

Mobile Operators

Super Wi-Fi LocalArea Operators

Capacity Broker

TV Broadcasters

Spectrum Exchange

‘win-win’ scenario

‘win-win’ scenario

A. Taparia, T. R. Casey and H. Hämmäinen, ”Towards a Market Mechanism

for Heterogeneous Secondary Spectrum Usage: An Evolutionary

Approach”, in the 6th DySPAN, Washington, USA, October 2012

Trade-Off

Length of lease time

Trading Activity

Trade Facilitation

Cost

Observed trade-off in spectrum leasing time cycles:

• Long cycle → wide-area mobile operators benefit more

• Short cycle → smaller operators and spectrum broker

benefit more

→ Optimal “win-win” scenario somewhere in between

WP1: Techno-economics –

Themes for second phase of the project

• Task 1.1: CR regulatory framework and value systemsa. Analyzing the benefits and costs of spectrum transactions in

different spectrum regimes.

b. Formulation of a regulatory framework enabling the cooperation between different industry players.

c. Analysis of the market structure and spectrum policy of different markets

d. Analysis of time and spatial demand and its implications for the value of cognitive radio.

e. Explore regulatory issues related to main architectural decisions in cognitive radio development

• Task 1.2: Mobile operator strategies for CRa. Analysis of mobile operator strategies for exploiting CRb. Economic viability of CR radio access network deployments

examined using Techno-economic modeling (investment analysis)

c. The relationship among mobile operators and their optimal strategy are identified using game theory

List of publications• Evolution paths towards CR

– T. Ali-Vehmas and T. R. Casey, ”Evolution of wireless access provisioning: A systems thinking approach”,

Competition and Regulation in Network Industries, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 333-361, December 2012

– T. R. Casey and T. Ali-Vehmas, “Value system evolution towards a cognitive radio era: Implications of

underlying market dynamics”, In the 6th DySPAN, October 2012

– V. Sridhar, T. Casey and H. Hämmäinen, “Flexible Spectrum Management for Mobile Broadband Services: How

does it vary across Advanced and Emerging Markets?”, Telecommunications Policy, in press (impact factor: 1.539)

– A. Basaure, T. R. Casey and H. Hämmäinen, “Different regulation paths towards cognitive radio technologies:

Cases of Finland and Chile”, In European Regional ITS Conference, July 2012

• Value network orchestration for CR

– T. R. Casey and J. Töyli, ”Dynamics of Two-Sided Platform Success and Failure: An Analysis of Public Wireless

Local Area Access”, Technovation - The International Journal of Technological Innovation, Entrepreneurship and

Technology Management, in press (impact factor: 3.287)

– J. Markendahl and T. R. Casey, “Business opportunities using white space spectrum and cognitive radio for

mobile broadband services”, in Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented

Wireless Networks, June 2012

– A. Taparia, A. Basaure, T. R. Casey, “Value Network Orchestration of a Cognitive Radio Platform”, in ITS 19th

Biennial Conference, November 2012

• Spectrum market design and evaluation

– A. Taparia, T. R. Casey and H. Hämmäinen, ”Towards a Market Mechanism for Heterogeneous Secondary

Spectrum Usage: An Evolutionary Approach”, In the 6th DySPAN, October 2012

– A. Taparia, “A Market Mechanism for Heterogeneous Secondary Spectrum Usage: An Evolutionary Approach”,

Master’s Thesis

WP 2Cognitive transport

Engineering

• Multipath setup

– Using several mobile networks at once

– Possibility to choose which to use

• Path choosing decision

– Analysis of different algorithms

– Gathered data

• Mobile network coverage (different operators)

– Bandwidth measurements

– Extensive network information

• Last months

– Deployability

Path choosing decision

• Context based decision logic– Mobile phone's network information not enough

– Analyzation of data• Network information

• Bandwidth measurements

→ Cannot deduce connection quality

• Location based decision logic– Measurements correlate when less than 500m

apart– Accuracy limits to 200m (GPS or network

positioning)

[1] “Mobile Network Measurements – It's not all about Signal Strength”,

S. Sonntag, L. Schulte, J. Manner, WCNC'13

WP 3 – 4Cognitive radio algorithms

Cognitive radio implementation

CR algorithms

• Radio transmission in TV white/black space– Y. Beyene “TV Black-space Spectrum Access for Wireless Local Area and

Cellular Networks”, master thesis, Aalto.

• Performance study of overlay transmission on TV signal

Y. Beyenne, K. Ruttik, R. Jäntti, “Effect of Secondary transmission on Primary Pilot Carriers in Overlay Cognitive Radios”, submitted to CrowCom 2013.

– H. Tewodros, “Testing a Simple Algorithm for LTE Synchronization and Cell Search”, master thesis, Aalto.

• Study of the impact of delay on overlay transmission

• Synchronization schemes for cognitive BS

K.G. Vishnu, “Network Time Synchronization in Time Division - LTE systems”, diploma thesis Feb.2013.

• Implementation of the time synchronization in TDD network

• MIMO transmission in USRP platform

G.C. Moreno, “Communication over USRP by using multiple antennas”

Designed cognitive radio network

• Network of 24 USRP units

– RF: 0.4 – 4.4 GHz

– Baseband: 10 MHz

– Tx power: 100 mW

• Each unit can operate either as BS or UE

• Software radio implemented as a C++ program in PC

• RRM implemented as a Python program

• License for frequency band 620 - 650

– 3 transmitters on the roof of Otakaari 5 building

Transceiver

Tx software

Running PC

USRP

Rx software

Running in PC

USRP

Air interfaceTransmitter Receiver

EECRT CR network architecture

UE UE

N-RRM

BSL-RRM TxRx

BSL-RRM TxRx

Test

Control

support

Test-bed

Network

EECRT network

Test that can be : EECRT2

• M2M communication by using EECRT radios

• Transmission in TV guard bands

– TV synchronized secondary user signal transmission

• RRM management algorithms for inside network

• Co-primary operation in TDD network

– Interference aspects among networks using different UL/DL

TDD frame configurations

• Network controlled D2D communication

Co-operation with other projects:

• COST-TERRA• Researcher exchange

• Cooperation with CORE project

• WISE project• Presentation on WISE workshop

• Development of the interface towards Fairspectrum DB

• In the scope of EIT MMSL• Co-operation with Stockholm node

• Researcher exchange

• Aalborg university• Researcher exchange

• NOKIA cognitive radio CE-CSP/CM project