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ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air Bogotá air quality Colombia, 2003.
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Transcript of ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air Bogotá air quality Colombia, 2003.
ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air
Bogota city
Average altitude:2600 m ASL
7.000.000 Inhabitants1.000.000 Vehicles 4.000 Industries
ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air
Eastern hills
Magdalenariver Bogota
Savanna
Eastern mountain chain
The Topography
ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air
Traffic
HeatingsIndustries
EMISSIONS DISPERSION (transport and turbulence)
TRANSFORMATION(chemistry)
POLLUTANTDISTRIBUTION
EFFECTS
VOC
NOxCO
Heavy metals PM
SO2
Primary polluants
H2SO4Photooxidants
O3, PAN
PM
Secondary polluants
SOURCES
Health
HNO3
Biogenic
CO2
sun
humidity
rain
Vegetation growth
ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air
Emissioninventory
Environmental impacts
Meteorological model
Pollutants distribution
Air qualitymodel
Design of abatement strategies
The project
MeasurementsMeasurements
ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air
212 km
Area: 212 x 212 KmCells: 4 x 4 KmTemporal resolution: 1 h
Model domain
ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air
Sources are classified in 4 groups:
- Stationary sources- Mobile sources- Aerial sources- Natural environmentPollutants included:
CO SO2
NOx CH4
VOCNM CO2
PM10
Sources and pollutants included
Emission inventory
ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air
Stationary sources
Point sources:- Important Industries (106)
Areal sources:- Small industries (4712)- Municipal landfill (1)- Gasoline marketing
Stationary sources in the Bogotá zone
Emission inventory
ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air
CO215%
78%
7%
X Industry (region)X Industry (Bogota)X Municipal landfill
Distribution of stationary emissions
Stationary sourcesCritical zones of the domain
CO2, CH4
PM10, COVNM
CO, SO2, NOxCH4, CO2
Emission inventory
ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air
AIREMIS calculates vehicular emissionbased on:Georreferenced street network: - 2600 segmentsTraffic model:- Car counting campaings- Number of vehicles/hour - Average speedThe fleet compositionThe emission factors- COPERTIII methodology- Local emission factors
Traffic model: Number of vehicles Mobile sources
Emission inventory
ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air
Local emission factors
An economical and practical methodology was applied to determine emissions from the vehicular fleet of Bogotá city
The methodology is based on air quality and meteorological measurements, traffic counts and inverse application of an air quality model.
Mobile sources
Ch
Eh
C h b
Emission inventory
ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air
Mobile sourcesEstimated emission factors for the different categoriesg/veh/km
City Category CO NOx SO2 VOC PM10 Métod. Reference_______________________________________________________________________________________________Bogota (C) All 15.47 ± 2.84 0.41 ± 0.09 0.10 ±0.02 5.58 0.35 ± 0.08 IM This Light 8.27 ± 1.96 0.11 ± 0.02 0.06 ± 0.02 - 0.27 Project
Heavy 385.2 ± 142.3 18.9 ± 0.37 2.82 ± 1.12 - 2.38Córdoba (A) All 21.7 ± 0.3 0.94 ± 0.02 - - - IM Olsece, 2001San Petersburg (R) IM Bercowicz, Light - 0.63 - - - 2001 Heavy - 5.33 - - -Copenhagen (D) All 11 ± 2 1.3 ± 0.2 - - - IM Gramot, 2003Santiago de Chile Light* 3.5 ± 3.9 0.6 ± 0.8 - - - Dynamom. Corvalán, Light** 28.2 ± 15.5 3 ± 1.1 - - - 2000
* With catalytic converter ; ** Without catalytic converter
Emission inventory
ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air
CO16%
84%Heavy
Light
Variations of CH4 vehicle emissions during a common day
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Hora del día
Em
isió
n d
e C
H4,
kg
/hCO vehicle emissions over the domain
Distribution of vehicle emissions
Mobile sources
Emission inventory
ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air
Natural environmentLand use over the domain
Bogotá
It takes into account:
The sources- Forest area- Low vegetation- Soils Environmental factors- Temperature- PAR (Photosynthetical activity radiation)
Emission inventory
ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air
VOCNM emissions over the domainNatural environment
Emission inventory
ENAC-SSIE Laboratoire de Pollution de l'Air
Total emissionsCritical zones of the domain
Distribution of total emissions by source
Mobile Stationary AerealNatural
Emission inventory