Enabling IP+Optical Networks with NCSd2zmdbbm9feqrf.cloudfront.net/2014/eur/pdf/BRKSPG-2116.pdf ·...

Enabling IP+Optical Networks with NCS BRKSPG-2116

Lorenzo Ghioni - Product Manager

Diane Patton - Technical Leader

© 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. BRKSPG-2116 Cisco Public

Abstract

3

In this session we will start by reviewing the advantages of IP+Optical solutions

including a modeling exercise.

We follow by briefly reviewing optical consideration factors for IP+Optical design,

including G.709 framing, optical impairments management, and modulation schemes

optimization.

We will then discuss IP+Optical Architectures and how new ROADM functionalities

enable a more seamless integration of Routing and Transport capabilities which can

result in better optimization of network cost, flexibility and scalability to support

unknown needs.

We will cover Network integration architectures.

Last but not least, we will discuss how the Network Convergence System recently

launched can enable seamless integration that allows for optimal bandwidth usage

and cost savings.


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4


Agenda

Why Converged IP+Optical Architecture?

Consideration Factors for IP+Optical Design

IP+Optical Integration Architectures and Management

New ROADM Trends

Multilayer Control Plane

Network Architectures with Network Convergence System

Conclusion

5

Why Converged IP+Optical Architectures


The Challenge…

Reduce Cost via:

Incremental changes:

- CAPEX reduction

- OPEX reduction

- Improved Utilization

Architectural changes:

- Convergence of layers, products

Declining

Revenue

per bit

Exponential

Traffic Growth

Seek new sources of Revenue

7


Traffic Evolution No Longer Just North and South; Now East and West

8

Edge

IP Core

Access

SP Services/ Content

Third-Party Services/ Content

VoD

Business

Unified

Data

Center

Unified

Data

Center

Regional

Data

Center

Regional

Data

Center

http://www.vonage.com/lp/US/searchmsn/


Difficult to Optimize when IP & Optical Networks Treated as Parallel “Ships in Night”

Optical

Layer 0-2

Deployed First and Has Legacy

IP Service Intelligence

IP

Layer 3-7

IP Was Layered on top of Optical

Resulting in:

• Inefficient Utilization

• Disconnected Capacity Planning

• Independent Provisioning/Management

• Poor Visibility Between Layers

• Reduced Service Velocity

9


IP Service Intelligence

Layer 3-7

Optical

Layer 0-2

IP

Service Velocity Months to Minutes

Best of Both Worlds

Efficient Utilization Increased Profits

Resource Visibility Better SLAs

Path Optimization Higher Resiliency

Network Simplification Better TCO

Operational Integration Better TCO

Converging IP and Optical Networks Simplified Operations, Faster Path to New Revenues

10


From Incremental to Architectural Changes

11

Incremental Changes

– WDM Integration on Router Line Cards

– Virtual Transponder

– Proactive FRR

Architectural Changes

– IP started as one of many Services to be Transported

– Today IP is the main (the only in some cases…) Service to be Transported

Network Modelling allows us to look at today’s needs to determine which is the best approach to use


Example Network

12

Consider a (fictitious) National Scale IP network using a mixture of channel types and approaches

– 10GE channels

– 100GE channels

– 10GE and 100GE channels

– Single hop and bypass channel routing

Examine ramifications on

– Channel count

– Link bundle sizes

– Total router fabric

– Largest individual router fabric


Network Topology

13

44 Nodes

61 Spans totaling 34,000 km

– Individual span lengths range from 160 km to 1200 km


Traffic Model

14

20 Tbit/s offered load

– Full mesh of 946 demands, sized by end-node traffic weighting

– Largest Demand = 275 Gbit/s; Smallest Demand = 14 Mbit/s

– ~10% Express Traffic, dual span-node disparate routed

– ~90% Best Effort Traffic, shortest routed


Load Traffic onto Single-Hop 10GEs

Channels Capacity Max Bundle

4,670 46.7 Tbit/s 260

Total Fabric Transit Fabric Largest Fabric

115.6 Tbit/s 93.4 Tbit/s 9.5 Tbit/s 10GE SH

Cross-sectional area a bundle capacity


Load Traffic onto Single-Hop 100GEs


4,670 46.7 Tbit/s 260

496 49.6 Tbit/s 26


115.6 Tbit/s 93.4 Tbit/s 9.5 Tbit/s


10GE SH


100GE SH



4,670 46.7 Tbit/s 260

496 49.6 Tbit/s 26

1,367 13.7 Tbit/s 27





10GE SH


Minimum threshold for bypass creation 55% of capacity

100GE SH

10GE BYP

Load Traffic onto Bypass 10GigEs



4,670 46.7 Tbit/s 260

496 49.6 Tbit/s 26

1,367 13.7 Tbit/s 27

244 24.4 Tbit/s 5






10GE SH


Minimum threshold for bypass creation 55% of capacity

100GE SH

10GE BYP

100GE BYP

Load Traffic onto Bypass 100GigEs



4,670 46.7 Tbit/s 260

496 49.6 Tbit/s 26

1,367 13.7 Tbit/s 27

244 24.4 Tbit/s 5

194/169 21.1 Tbit/s 5/7







10GE SH

100GE SH

10GE BYP

100GE BYP

10GE/100GE


Minimum threshold for bypass creation 65%/55% of capacity

Mix Bypass 100GE and Bypass 10GigE


Network Modelling Summary

Single Hop Network Design (independent IP and Optical Networks) is the one which requires the Higher Number of Channels (10GE and 100GE) and the Biggest Fabric Capacity

Traffic Bypass Design (IP and Optical are one Network) allows to reduce the Number of Channels and requires Smaller Fabric Capacity

While this is somewhat a simple case (no multi-period modelling, no Regeneration optimization, no Sensitivity to different growth patterns), it clearly shows the advantages of Convergence

IP and Optical need to be both Flexible and Intelligent – Collaborate to the definition of Optimal solution based on given Constraints

CONSIDERATION FACTORS FOR IP+OPTICAL DESIGN


Linear Channel Impairments

22

Attenuation

Caused by fiber and passive device losses

Polarization Mode Dispersion

Caused by fiber

Chromatic Dispersion

Caused by fiber

OSNR Degradation

Caused by ASE in EDFA’s

Noise


Linear Optical Impairments Solutions

23

Attenuation

EDFA’s can help overcome attenuation, applied per span, but add noise

…Hybrid Raman/EDFA amplification can overcome attenuation with minimal noise. FEC also helps.

Polarization Mode Dispersion

Generally have to live with it. Regenerate signal when required.

…Now compensated for in Digital Signal Processing via Coherent Detection

Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR)

Nothing can overcome losses in OSNR! Must regenerate!

…But advanced Forward Error Correction can lower OSNR requirements

Chromatic Dispersion

DCU’s can help mitigate dispersion problems, applied per span, but add cost, latency, and loss

…Now compensated for in Digital Signal Processing via Coherent Detection


Improve OSNR Performance with FEC

24

FEC extends reach and design flexibility, at “silicon cost”

G.709 standard improves OSNR tolerance by 6.2 dB (at 10–15 BER)

Offers intrinsic performance monitoring

(error statistics)

Higher gains (8.4dB) possible by enhanced

FEC (with same G.709 overhead) OSNR

10Log

(Bit E

rror

Rate

)

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

-3

-4

-5

-6

-7

-8

-9

-10

-11

-12

-13

CODING GAIN

Pre-FEC

BER

Post-FEC

BER


How to Increase Transport Capacity?

25

Increase capacity

(bit rate) per

wavelength

Increase the

number of

wavelengths

50 GHz ITU

Grid

Infrastructures

Feasible ADC

bandwidth

400G & Terabit Superchannels

Triple System Capacity

Increase

Modulation

Efficiency

Flexible

Spectrum

Allocation


Trade off of Reach and Capacity

26

• Solid lines SMF, Dashed ELEAF, no Raman

• 90 km and 25 dB per span

• Symbol-rate 27.75 Gbaud

• BER 4E-3


The Superchannel concept

27

Information distributed over a few subcarriers spaced as closely as possible forming a

variable rate superchannel

Each subcarrier working at a lower rate, compatible with current ADCs and DSPs

IP+OPTICAL ARCHITECTURES AND MANAGEMENT


DWDM Building Blocks

30

Transponders

DWDM

Multiplexer

Optical

Amplifiers

(Reconfigurable)

Optical Add/Drop

multiplexer

DWDM

Demultiplexer

Integrated DWDM

in client

OA (R)OADM OA OEO

OEO

Client

OEO

Client

Client

Client

Client

Client

OEO


The Traditional DWDM Network Approach

31

• Transponder “owned” by the Optical Team

• Router “owned” by the L3 Team

• Generally operate as “ships in the night”.

Transponder Router

SR SR

ROADM

Transport NMS Control Router NMS Control


OTN (G.709) Hierarchy and Frame Structures

32

OTN defined a fixed “hierarchy” of payloads

OTN started as a pure wrapper around WDM client signals to improve reach and manageability.

Recently it has developed into a complex multiplexing structure.

ODU-Flex allows flexible sub wavelength grooming.

Frame Payload (OPU)

ODU-0 1,238,954 kbps

OTU-1 2,488,320 kbps

OTU-2 9,995,276 kbps

OTU-3 40,150,519 kbps

OTU-4 104,355,975 kbps


OTN Building Blocks

Digital Wrapper – Opti-electrical and optical components :

Transponders and ROADM – Header information for management of optical

layer – Forward Error Correction for increasing optical

drive distances

Optical Cross

Connect

WDM transponders

Adds G.709 headers

Multi-degree ROADM

Cross Connecting Lambdas

Dropping full lambdas

OTN Electrical Cross Connect

Grooming and aggregation Sub-lambda interfaces

(SONET, OTN, Ethernet, ESCON)

OTN Hierarchy and Cross Connecting – Electrical solution – Time Division Multiplexing Technology – Switching Hierarchy


Why OTN?

Legacy Client Services - Today

Predominantly 10G DWDM systems

SONET/SDH Client Systems 10G with no plans or need for additional capacity

Packet Services growing rapidly and stressing 10G DWDM systems

40G/100G DWDM Upgrades

Fixes the demand and fiber exhaust issues

More capacity per lambda

Mismatch between some client systems and lambda b/w

Requirement for OTN Hierarchy


Router to OTN Switch Concept

35

• Lower speed interfaces on Router (< 100G)

• OTN originates and terminates on the switch

• Leaves switch colored or grey

Router(s) OTN

(OTU4)


Transponder in Router

36

• Transponder integrated in the router

• OTN wrapper and wavelength terminate on the router

• Eliminate interconnects/OEO Conversions

Router ROADM


Transponder in Router Proactive Protection

37

Reactive Protection P

re-F

EC

Bit

Err

ors

Ro

ute

r B

it

Err

ors

ROADM

FEC

working

route

protect

route

fail

over

FEC Cliff

LOF

Time

Transponder

Proactive Protection

protect

route

working

route

FEC Cliff

Protection Trigger

Pre

-FE

C B

it

Err

ors

Route

r B

it

Err

ors

ROADM

Switch FEC

Time

Router

IP-over-DWDM Proactive Protection

Traditional


Virtual Transponder Transponder Virtualized into the Optical Network EMS

38 38

Secure Management

Channel

Router Management • L2/L3 Interface Information

• Routing Protocols

• IP Addressing

• Security

Transponder/ROADM Router

Network Management

DWDM Management

• L1 Interface Information

• Wavelength Usage

• Power Levels and Thresholds

• Performance Monitoring

• Respects boundaries between packet / optical administrative groups


Managing with Cisco Prime Optical

End to End IP+Optical Circuit Creation

End to End OCHTRAIL Circuit View

Troubleshooting IP+Optical – Alarm management

Check DWDM controller parameters – Power values, OTN counters, LOS, LOF, pre-FEC BER, TTI, etc.


Optical Shelf Concept Transponder virtualized as part of the router

40

• Transponder becomes an extension of the router

• Power levels, OTN overhead, and alarms available in real-time on the router

• DWDM interface controlled and monitored by router CLI or OTN MIB

• Control Plane Interaction

TSP

Transponder

Shelf Router

S

R

PLIM

S

R

ROADM

Shelf Secure

Management

Channel


Proactive Protection with Grey Interface 100G Protection with ASR9k

41 41

Router

ASR 9000

ONS 15454 M6

100GE

protect

route

working

route

FEC Limit

Protection Trigger

Pre

-FE

C B

it E

rro

rs

Ro

ute

r B

it E

rro

rs

Switch

Time

NEW ROADM TRENDS with NCS 2000


ROADM Background

44

ROADM brought flexibility to DWDM networks.

Any wavelength. Anywhere.

But it was a static flexibility.

Moves and changes required a truck roll.


ROADM Background

45

Colored Add/Drop

Fixed port frequency assignment

One unique frequency per port

Directional Add/Drop

Physical add/drop port is tied to a

ROADM “degree”

Due to these restrictions, a change in direction or frequency of an optical circuit required a

physical change (move interface to different port) at the endpoints.

… because ROADM ports were colored and directional.


ROADM Advances

46

Colorless Add/Drop

No port-frequency assignment

Any frequency, any port

Omni-Directional Add/Drop

Add/Drop ports can be routed to/from

any ROADM degree

Colorless and Omni-directional add/drop bring touchless

flexibility, and hence programmability, to ROADM networks.

With Colorless plus Omni-Directional, the frequency and direction of the signal can be changed,

without requiring a change of ROADM add/drop port.


ROADM Advances

47

Directional Add/Drop

ROADMs are by definition

Contentionless

With Contentionless, N instances of a given wavelength (where N = the number of line

degrees in the ROADM node) can be add/dropped from a single device, eliminating

any restrictions on dynamic wavelength provisioning.

Contentionless allows multiple

instances of the same frequency to

add/drop from one unit.

But…Colorless and Omni-directional introduce wavelength

contention at the add/drop stage. Need a Contentionless

architecture.


Flex Spectrum ROADM

48

50 GHz ITU Grid

Wasted Spectrum

4 x 100Gb/s in 200GHz

Efficient Spectrum Use

4 x 100Gb/s in ~125GHz

50 GHz ITU Grid 12.5 GHz Slices

>50% Increase in Capacity

Can switch “Superchannels” with varying bandwidths, > 50GHz


Different Modulation Techniques Accommodates different BW and Distance Needs

49


Flexible Modulation Designs

Trunk interfaces with programmable modulation schemes will be available

Interface could support 50G BPSK, 100G QPSK, 200G 16-QAM, and 250G 16-QAM

Design algorithm will choose modulation schemes to minimize interface/regenerator count

Design algorithm also ensures that, e.g. 5 x 100G are never loaded on 2 x 250G

50G BPSK will only be used on paths bearing solely 10G demands (and hence will be sparingly used)

Use same models as single-rate QPSK, and contrast


MacFlex Concept

NG-DWDM interface enables reach vs payload bandwidth trade off.

– Optimize modulation format for required network performance – BPSK

– QPSK

– 8QAM

– 16QAM

– 64QAM

– Available payload bandwidth per wavelength ranges widely.

LAG

– Inefficient and not granular enough

Adjust Mac layer with 5GBps granularity


Key Takeaways

Tunable optics and Colorless and allow changing wavelength with no physical re-cabling

Omni-directional allows changing direction with no physical re-cabling

Allow for any to any switching in the optical domain

Allow for dynamic re-routing in the optical domain

Flexible modulation, spectrum and mac flex allow for anywhere, any rate

Converge layers to increase link utilization

Use the C-band spectrum to it’s full capacity

52

Also, these features open the door for a new agile DWDM control plane

Multilayer Control Plane


Agile Control Plane Requirements

54

Requirements

Tunability Colorless Omni-

Directional Impairment-

aware

Enabling Zero Touch End to End Solution


What is Wavelength Switched Optical Network?

It is a GMPLS control plane which is “DWDM aware”:

– GMPLS “NNI” –

communication between NNI nodes

– LSP are wavelength,

– the control plane is aware of optical impairments

55

WSON enables lambda setup on the fly

WSON enables lambda re-routing

WSON enables a lambda revalidation against a failure reparation


Cisco WSON Parameters Foundation for Multi-Layer Information Exchange

56

Linear Impairments

– Power Loss

– Chromatic Dispersion (CD)

– Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD)

– Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR))

Non linear Optical impairments:

– Self-Phase Modulation (SPM)

– Cross-Phase Modulation (XPM)

– Four-Wave Mixing (FWM)

Topology

Lambda assignment

Route choices (C-SPF)

Interface Characteristics

Bit rate

FEC

Modulation format

Regeneration Capability


Wavelength Switched Optical Network Auto Restoration

57

ONS 15454

MSTP

Rome

Milan

Vienna

Frankfurt



58

ONS 15454

MSTP

Rome

Milan

Vienna

Frankfurt

Fiber Cut!



59

ONS 15454

MSTP

Rome

Milan

Vienna

Frankfurt

Embedded WSON intelligence locates and verifies a new path


• If rapid failure detection and recovery is needed it is

assumed that existing packet IP/ MPLS mechanisms

(e.g., BFD, IP-FRR, TE-FRR,LDP-FRR, mLDP-FRR,

fast convergence) will be used for protection and

recovery.

• IP+Optical Solutions can use Proactive Protection

• Protected services (Y-cable, PSM, FiberSwitch) could

be used for valuable traffic to provide rapid protection

at the optical layer.

• Restoration is Best Effort.

Restoration is Slower than Protection

60


What if we Integrate IP Control Plane with WSON?

Reduce Optical Circuit Turn Up Time

On Demand Bandwidth Provisioning

Constrained Circuit Request to Avoid Shared Risk

Alarm Correlation

Network Optimization

61


Multi-Layer Control Plane Peer Model

62

Single

Domain Fully Integrated Control Plane

- No Respect for Administrative Boundaries

-Does not take advantage of operational expertise

- Scale of Routing Topology

- Memory requirements for every platform

- Path computation loads across entire network

- Does not take advantage of operational

expertise

- Impact on Maintenance and Software Deployment

- Software Testing and upgrade span entire network

-slows certification cycles


Multi-Layer Control Plane Overlay Model is Efficient and Scales

63

Separate Control Planes per Layer with

signaling between

- Respects Boundaries

- Scales

- Operational Expertise

- Faster Testing/Provisioning

DWDM

Domain

Routing

Domain


GMPLS – User Network Interface

User-Network Interface (UNI) to implement an overlay model

between two networks – with limited communication between them

Enables a Cisco router to signal paths dynamically through a DWDM network

Paths may be signaled with diversity requirements

Building block for multi-layer routing

H E L L O my name is

I IPP H E L L O

my name is

Optical


WSON and IP Control Plane Communicate via GMPLS UNI

65

GMPLS

UNI WSON

NCS2000

GMPLS

UNI

Milan Rome


Provisioning using GMPLS UNI Example Constrained Circuit Request

66

1. Operator requests a circuit between Source and Destination Router Interfaces using

CLI

WSON

Milan Rome MIL-

NCS2000

Head

UNI-C

Ingress

UNI-N

ROM-

NCS2000

Tail

UNI-C

Egress

UNI-N

1



67

WSON

Milan Rome MIL-

NCS2000

Head

UNI-C

Ingress

UNI-N

ROM-

NCS2000

Tail

UNI-C

Egress

UNI-N

2

2. Using GMPLS UNI, Head UNI-C signals UNI-N System requesting path to Destination



68

WSON

Milan Rome MIL-

NCS2000

Head

UNI-C

Ingress

UNI-N

ROM-

NCS2000

Tail

UNI-C

Egress

UNI-N

3. UNI-N Initiates WSON (C-SPF), and finds best path based on diversity requirements

3



69

WSON

Milan Rome MIL-

NCS2000

Head

UNI-C

Ingress

UNI-N

ROM-

NCS2000

Tail

UNI-C

Egress

UNI-N

4. Destination UNI-N node signals Tail UNI-C and requests DWDM interface to be set to

specific wavelength

4



70

WSON

Milan Rome MIL-

NCS2000

Head

UNI-C

Ingress

UNI-N

ROM-

NCS2000

Tail

UNI-C

Egress

UNI-N

5. Ingress UNI-N signals Head UNI-C to set DWDM Interface to same wavelength

5



71

WSON

Milan Rome MIL-

NCS2000

Head

UNI-C

Ingress

UNI-N

ROM-

NCS2000

Tail

UNI-C

Egress

UNI-N

6. Router Interfaces come up, IGP Adjacencies Formed, traffic begins flowing

6

Int Hun0/0/0/0 up/up

ISIS nei relationship


Some Inefficiencies in Layer 2/3 Network

Impacts SLA

– downtime, latency, loss, predictability of service

Impacts bottom-line

– SLA penalty, unoptimized capacity, support complexity

72

LFA/TE FRR Fate-

Sharing from primary

WAN

Disjointness

for PoP

Homogenous

Latency and

Fate sharing

Bundle


Basis for nLight Control Plane

73

The solution to these problems are simple

If the client layer knows basic information from the server layer: SRLG, latency…

To-date, this information is invisible to the client layer We need to allow for information sharing between Client and Server

GMPLS UNI

GMPLS UNI Extensions


Multilayer Control Plane - nLight

GMPLS UNI extension to include SRLG and Coordinated maintenance functionality

GMPLS UNI extension to support next generation of Multi-rate/Multi-Modulation/Multicarrier HS Optics

Automatic Bandwidth service from MPLS CP and WSON CP will be the end goal to deploy a true Multi-Layer Network

Integration of an L1/L3 awareness in a Network Planner Prime module

74


Information Flowing through nLight with GMPLS UNI

When signalling a circuit, a client may request

– server SRLG’s to be excluded or included

– the path to follow another Circuit-ID

– the path to be disjoint from another Circuit-ID

– an optimization upon shortest latency

– a bound on latency not to exceed

– an optimization upon lowest optical cost

– optical restoration

– optical re-optimization

75


Information Flowing through nLight

For each circuit it signals, a client may be informed of

– Circuit-ID – unique identifier in server context

– SRLG’s along the circuit

– Latency through the server network

– Path through the server network

Information continuously refreshed

A client may be informed of server

topology/resource

Policy Controlled by the Server Layer

76


nLight Control Plane Resolves the Inefficiencies

Efficient IP/MPLS FRR

– thanks to SRLG discovery

Enforcement of disjointess or same-path requirements

– thanks to SRLG/Circuit-ID disjointness

Efficient diagnostics

– latency discovery

Efficient operation

– multi-layer maintenance coordination

77


Putting it Together Example GMPLS UNI with Diverse LSP, WSON, and IPoDWDM Proactive Protection

78

78

Milan Brussels

London

Optical network

Need new circuit from Milan

To Brussels

Traffic Flow

Milan<->Brussels



79

79

London

Optical network

GMPLS UNI brings up new circuit

To Brussels using LSP diversity

IGP sees direct connection Milan<->Brussels

Traffic Flow

Milan<->Brussels

Other IP traffic

Milan Brussels



80

80

London

Optical network

Fiber Cut!

Traffic Flow

Milan<->Brussels

Fiber

cut

Other IP traffic

Milan Brussels



81

81

London

Optical network

IGP nei relationship to Brussels breaks

Proactive Protection kicks in, high

Priority traffic re-routed through London

Fiber

cut

Traffic Flow

Milan<->Brussels

Other IP traffic

Milan Brussels



82

82

London

Optical network

GMPLS UNI/WSON begins to

re-route circuit

Fiber

cut

Traffic Flow

Milan<->Brussels

Other IP traffic

Milan Brussels



83

83

London

Optical network

New Circuit built to Brussels, LSP diverse

Proactive Protection Reverts

IGP forms neighbor relationship again

Fiber

cut

Traffic Flow

Milan<->Brussels

Other IP traffic

Milan Brussels



84

84

London

Optical network

Traffic re-routes original L3 path

Re-uses SAME IPoDWDM Interface!

Optically, takes a different Route

Fiber

cut

Traffic Flow

Milan<->Brussels

Other IP traffic

Milan Brussels



85

85

London

Optical network

If revert is configured, when

Fiber cut fixed, will revert to original

Path (Configured in MSTP)

Traffic Flow

Milan<->Brussels

Other IP traffic

Milan Orlando


Restoration for Optical Failures example

86

BB1 BB2 Premium: 30G

BE: 90G

3x 100G Worst-case stable:

120G on 300G

Avg IP util: 120/300= 47%%

BB1 BB2 Premium: 30G

BE: 90G

Worst-case transient:

120G on 200G. BE loss

Avg IP util: 120/200= 60%=

Worst-case stable:

120G on 100G: possible BE

loss= 60%

In a real SP network: 10-34% less interfaces (less router ports, less transponders, less wavelengths, less power, more scale)

2x 100G


What is Multi Layer Restoration (MLR) Concept?

87

Three Types:

MLR–O: Multilayer Restoration From Optical Failure

- allows the router to negotiate with the optical layer on which contraints

it cares about

MLR-P: Multilayer Restoration from Port Failure

- allows the router to change the port that originates the circuit

MLR-A: Multilayer Restoration from IP Aggregation Node Failure

- allows the router to change the destination node


Where are we going? Multilayer Optimization

Applications

Network

Devices

with on-box

Control

Plane

Hybrid Control plane:

Distributed control combined with

central control (through Controllers)

for optimized behavior (e.g. optimized

performance) Fully Distributed Control Plane:

Optimized for reliability

Network

Middleware

“Controllers”

Centralize when needed, default distributed network for all else


Multilayer Network Optimization Architecture

89

Impairment aware WSON

GMPLS-UNI

Multi-Layer Information sharing &

Automation

Multi-Layer Restoration Link (fiber),

Port, & Node failures

Coordinated optical path maintenance

& optimization

Application aware

Multi-Layer Optimization

PCE-based

WDM planning

tool (CTP)

Automation Optimization

Network Architectures with Network Convergence System


Improving Link and System Utilization

Lambda Utilization

– In today’s model, the DWDM layer is the convergence layer

– DWDM is trending to the highest cost component of the network

– Increasing fill rates on lambdas will be a critical means of reducing cost

– Need to support both circuit and packet abstractions in the same lambda

Multiple functions per shelf increases slot fill rate

Hybrid line cards support carrying diverse service types on a single lambda

Hybrid Fabrics allowing fabric sharing for circuit and packet switching

nLight optimization allows increased utilization on links and eliminates need for multi-layer protection bandwidth


Layer Convergence Concept

Eliminate a box per function in the network – Collapse OTN, DWDM and IP/MPLS into a single node

– Collapse peering, core, lean core and edge into a single node

Following functions available as line cards in NCS systems – Transponder, OTN Switching, IP/MPLS, Core, Edge, Peering

Optimize traffic flow with layer integration –

Any service anywhere lowers the barriers to new service adoption and turn up


NCS6000

Aggregation

Core/Metro DWDM Transport

NCS4000

Transport

NCS4000

Optical

Interconnect

Optical Interconnect Optical Interconnect

NCS2000

NCS4000

NCS4000

NCS Series Network Design


NCS6000

Aggregation

Core/Metro DWDM Transport

NCS4000

Transport NCS6000

Optical

Interconnect

Optical Interconnect Optical Interconnect

NCS2000

NCS4000

NCS4000

NCS Series Network Design

NCS4000 NCS2000


NCS Network across Core and Metro

Utiliy

λ Services

Core Metro/Regional

OTN NCS4000

NCS6000 ASR9K

M6

NCS2000

GE/Legacy/Utility Satellite

Carrier Ethernet

M12

Access a

nd C

PE

TDM

CRS

NCS2000

NCS4000 OTN

CONCLUSION


Intelligent Information Exchange Proactive Protection, GMPLS, Control Plane

97

Packet Layer

(master) DWDM Layer

(slave)

IGP SLA’s

QoS Queuing power levels

OSNR

CD / PMD

non-linear impairments

physical topology Peering Addressing

GMPLS

nLight

Control Plane

G.709

Circuit from A to Z

Proactive Protection Interface Integration

UNI

UNI Extensions

Pre-FEC Threshold Crossing

Network Topology & Feasibility

Matching Path

Disjoint Path

SRLG Avoidance

Max Latency

Circuit ID and Path

Circuit ID and Path

SRLG database

Path Latencies

Client Requests Server Information


IP+Optical Evolution Data Plane, Control Plane, Management Plane Integration

98

Touchless ROADM

Flexible Transport

Packet Resource

Optimized for Packet Density

Optical Resource

Optimized for DWDM Interfaces

High Density

Packet Ports

Zero Cost Optical

or Backplane

Interconnect

Unified

Management

Rate Adaptation

L1/2/3 Switching

Adaptive, Multi-Rate

DWDM Optics

Colorless-Omni-Flex

ROADM

Control Plane

Automation

Low Speed

Breakout


Summary

Packet traffic increasing

IP+Optical decreases expenses while streamlining services

New Architectures enable next generation networks

New ROADM trends to support optical agile networks enabling multilayer control planes

Multilayer control planes add network automation and resiliency which decreases Total Cost of Ownership

Integrating IP+Optical with NCS makes sense!

99


Related Session

BRKOPT-2101 - WSON and Impact on an IP+Optical ML Control Plane

–Tomorrow (29 Jan) at 9:00am

100


Call to Action…

Visit the World of Solutions:-

Cisco Campus

Walk-in Labs

Technical Solutions Clinics

Meet the Engineer

Lunch Time Table Topics, held in the main Catering Hall

Recommended Reading: For reading material and further resources for this session, please visit www.pearson-books.com/CLMilan2014

101

http://www.pearson-books.com/CLMilan2014




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102


Acronyms

104

ADC Analog Digital Converter

C-SPF Constrained Shortest Path First

CD Chromatic Dispersion

CP-

DQPSK

Coherent Polarisation-Mux Differential Quadrature Phase

Shift Keying

DCU Dispersion Compensating Unit

DSP Digital Signal Processing

DWDM Dense Wave Division Multiplexing

ELEAF E-Large Effective Area Fibre

ERO Explicit Route Option

FEC Forward Error Correction

FRR Fast Re-Route

FWM Four Wave Mixing

GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switching

IC Integrated Circuit

IEEE Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers

IETF Internet Engineeing Task Force

ITU International Telecommunications Union

LFA Loop Free Alternate

LMP Link Management Protocol

LSP Labeled Switch Path

NNI Network-Network Interface

NPU Network Processing Unit

NCS Network Convergence System

OCP Optical Control Plane

OEO Optical – Electrical- Optical

OIF Optical Internetworking Forum

OOK On/Off Keying

OSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio

OTN Optical Transport Network

PMD Polarization Mode Dispersion

QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

ROADM Reprogrammable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer


Acronyms (Continued)

105

RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol

SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SLA Service Level Agreement

SMF

Single Mode Fiber

SONET Synchronous Optical Network

SRLG Shared Risk Link Groups

TCO Total Cost of Ownership

TDM Time Division Multiplexed

TE Traffic Engineering

UNI User-Network Interface

WSON Wavelength Switched Optical Network

WXC Wavelength Cross Connect

XPM Cross Phase Modulation

YoY Year over Year

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