EMP Protection and Amateur Radio...

www.ChuckManto.com IAN LLC (c) 2006 -- EMP Protection --

EMP Protection and Amateur Radio Communications

Presented to AARCMarch 16, 2006

By Chuck Manto KB3NDVwww.ChuckManto.com

http://www.ChuckManto.com







When All Else Fails

• Amateur radio can be there “when all else fails”

• EMP is the one scenario where all else may fail

• Amateur radio can take steps to avoid being immobilized

• Hams must know the threat• Hams can take action to protect the nation





EMP Threat

• What is it?• How likely is it?• How can you learn more?• What can you do?





Congressional EMP Commission

Consensus: ( See 2004 EMP report) • “EMP attack could cause wide-spread

damage to civilian and military electronic equipment for an extended period.”

• “Little has been done by the private sector to protect against EMP… electronic systems would be severely damaged.”

• More likely now than during Cold War-- See also CRS report 2004, DoD report 2005





Types and Origins• HEMP from nuclear

bombs– More fully understood

after high altitude tests– Soviets developed

capabilities twice US– High yield - continental– Low yield - regional

• Conventional bombs• Directed energy

weapons





EMP Threat – Civilian US Exposed





EMP --The Electromagnetic Bomb - EMD Carlo Kopp

http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/kopp/apjemp.html#0





Small Home-

Made EMP Weapon per Pop Mech.

Sep 2001($400 version impacts small

area)





SCUD Info(more likely regional impact)

• “Scud is the popularized term for a series of tactical ballistic missilesdeveloped by the Soviet Union during the Cold War and exported widely to other countries. The term comes from the NATO reporting name SS-1 Scudwhich was attached to the missile by Western intelligence agencies. The Russian names for the missile are the R-11 (the first version) and R-300 Elbrus (later developments). The name Scud has been used by media and other entities to refer to not only these missiles but to the wide variety of missiles developed in other countries based on the Soviet design. Occasionally in the United States, Scud is applied to any country's ballistic missiles not of western origin. “ --From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tactical_ballistic_missiles

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO_reporting_name

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_agencies





SCUD Info on the Internet

http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/theater/r-11.htm

NATO Scud-A Scud-B Scud-C Scud-D

U.S. DIA SS-1b SS-1c SS-1d SS-1e

Deployment Date 1957 1965 1965 1980s

Withdrawn 1978

Range 130 km 300 km 575-600 km 700 km

CEP (NATO estimate) 4000 m 900 m 900 m 50 m

[edit]

http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/theater/r-11.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scud&action=edit&section=5





Post Soviet SCUDs

“The Scud is commonly fired from a heavy launch vehicle. Its warhead is permanently attached to the missile body and has a high-velocity impact.

But North Korean designers are believed to have modified the missile to carry chemical and bacteriological warheads.

The successful test-firing in August 1998 of a Taepodong 1, which flew over Japan, sparked serious concern in the West.

It is believed to be a two-stage missile composed of different Scuds. “

Map shows range of Taepodong 1 missile, flown over Japan in 1998. Range 1,500-2,000 km, payload: 1,000 kg Evidence that North Korea preparing flight test of Taepodong 2. Range up to 8,000 km (could reach western US) Other missiles: Scud-B: Range 300 km, payload 1,000 kg Scud-C: Range 500 km, payload 7600-800 kg Scud-D (Nodong): Range 1,000-1,300 km, payload: 700-1,000 kg

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/2564241.stm

















Tech Intro• Three pulses

– First < billionth of second – Speeds by surge protectors and

lightning arrestors– 2d and 3d pulses work effectively

across long lines• Radiated and conducted pulse

– Radiated at 1000 V/m can cause damage

– EMP can be at 50,000 to 200,000 V/m

• Impact depends on:– EMP size, type, distance– Vulnerability– Complexity of circuitry and

environment(photo by C. Manto © 2001)

(photo by C. Manto © 2001)





EMP Impact• Electric grid • Communications• Unshielded integrated

circuits• Computing• SCADA• Transportation• Manufacturing• Medical





Need Alternate Communications

• All communications impacted– Phone– Cable– Television– Radio

• Need alternate off-grid system– Independent of wireline– Independent power– A lot like amateur radio





What Hams Can Do• Protect radio in EMP

storage container• Protect repeaters• Protect computers• Deploy EMP rooms• Develop alternate

power sources• Do low power radio• Plan for long

disruptions





What can hams do? –Research Web and MIL STDs (188-125-1)

• Low-risk HEMP hardening: (Sec 3.3.20)“High-quality electromagnetic barrier with

minimized and protected POEs. Virtually all mission-critical communications-electronics and support equipment are placed in the protected volume…. The low-risk approach results in a well-defined HEMP protection subsystem configurations with inherent testability.”





What Hams Can Do -- Tech• Keep a radio in EMP safe• Deploy EMP protected

equipment– Communications– Computers– SCADA

• Join IAN beta sites*• Deploy Smart Systems*

– Control shielded systems

– Protects from daily EMI

• Use alternate materials * (1/3 wt of steel)

Front view of shielded rack with SCADA, RFID, cooling, filtered

connections.

Filtered connectors for power and

signaling including optical fiber links

Honeycombed air ducts at bottom and top for air circulation

and cooling

Rack mounted cooling devices within enclosure

with SCADA support

Shielded walls at least ¼” thick AL ferrous metals combination,

gasketed sealed doors

Exposed sides

coated with blast

resistant polymers

*Manto US Pending Patent © 2005





What Hams Can Do -- Vehicles8'

-0"

8'-0

"

5'-0

"

5'-0

"

Manto US Pending Patent © 2005





What Can Hams Do -- Discover Alternate Distributed Power Generation





What Hams Can Do – Policy/Plans

• Become familiar with issues• Create buzz and market response • Encourage EMP All-Hazard Planning with local officials• Develop own EMP All-Hazard Planning with AARL and

local groups• Connect with other nationwide groups, e.g.

– Public Technology Institute (see www.pti.org for white papers)– Association for Public Safety Officers

• Develop COOP plans covering months, not weeks• Work with private sector firms such as IAN to develop

preferred systems, spares program, testing, monitoring, COOP plans, protected mobile communications

http://www.pti.org/





All Hazard Scenario Planning• Various attack variables should be considered

such as: – One high-yield HEMP explosion over the central US– One HEMP explosion at either coast with SCUDs– Multiple HEMP explosions at coasts with SCUDs– One ground detonation of a nuclear weapon or other

WMD combined with one or more HEMP explosions with SCUDs

– One HEMP explosion timed with a natural disaster





Preparation Variables

• No preparation– You have little to no situational awareness

• Some preparation– You are somewhat prepared– Regional neighbors are not

• Amateur radio preparation– Some are prepared across the country– You know who they are near you– (See amateur radio in PTI paper, www.pti.org)

http://www.pti.org/





What Happens in These Places

(Photos by C. Manto)

Photo by C Manto © 2001 Harrisonburg, VA

Photo by C Manto © 2004

Photo by C Manto © 2003 Cumberland, MD





“A HEMP attack now would take our ability to support a population back 100 years”…

Congressional testimony.

Photo by C Manto © 2004





What I Am Doing

• Creating joint venture, Instant Access Networks– Recruiting companies– Creating patented technology

• Helping create public safety policy• Helping develop COOP standards• Supporting amateur radio

– Connecting national efforts (e.g., PTI link, etc.)• Being open to new relationships (email me:

[email protected] )

mailto:[email protected]





(Unlabeled clip art throughout from Microsoft Office)

What Will You Do?




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