Emma Joynson-Hicks The case for doing something about women in coffee February 2013.
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Transcript of Emma Joynson-Hicks The case for doing something about women in coffee February 2013.
Emma Joynson-Hicks
The case for doing something about women in coffeeFebruary 2013
Life is hard work for a woman coffee farmer in Africa
“We as women face a challenge of not having the right to property ownership
and being over-worked with no rest and reward. We also suffer from
domestic violence and no access to equal opportunities.”
Jennifer Wettaka
Surface area of each country (land + water)
Source: World Bank Total surface area is nearly 3m km2
Burundi Ethiopia Kenya Rwanda Tanzania Uganda UK -
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
27,830
1,104,300
580,370
26,340
947,300
241,550 243,610
Km2
1. Uganda is almost exactly the same size as the UK
2. Tanzania is 4 times the size of Uganda
3. Uganda is 9 times the size of Rwanda
4. Kenya is more than double the size of Uganda
5. Ethiopia is 40 times the size of Burundi
East Africa population: current and 2050 projection
source UNPOP
Current total population is 226.5m people2050 projected total for the 6 countries is
491m people
Burundi Ethiopia Kenya Rwanda Tanzania Uganda -
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
140.0
160.0
180.0
200.0
8.5
84.7
41.6
11.0
46.2 34.5
20
185
85
22
8594
2011 2050 estimate
mill
ion
peop
le
East Africa population density now and estimate for 2050.
Burundi Ethiopia Kenya Rwanda Tanzania Uganda0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
326
83 71
431
51
167
779
185 149
892
96
470
Current 2050 estimate
No
peop
le p
er k
m2
Source: World Bank & UNPOP
WHY THIS MATTERS1. People need houses
and food before they need to grow coffee
2. However, as plot sizes become smaller, the need for innovation increases. For instance, Uganda pioneered successful intercropping of coffee and bananas – food and cash crops. Is it still illegal to intercrop coffee in Rwanda and Burundi? IITA are doing great work in this area around the region.
Youth
Burundi Ethiopia Kenya Rwanda Tanzania Uganda0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
38%41% 42% 43% 45%
48%
Source: World Bank
Children aged 0-14 as a percentage of total
population
Why is this important?If they don’t want to farm
coffee, who will do it in 20, 40, 60 years?
If we want East African coffee in the future, we need to work with these young
people NOW
Gross Domestic Product (current)
Source: World Bank
Burundi Ethiopia Kenya Rwanda Tanzania Uganda $-
$5.0
$10.0
$15.0
$20.0
$25.0
$30.0
$35.0
$40.0
$2.3
$31.7 $33.6
$6.4
$23.7
$16.8
US$
billi
ons
GDP per capita (current US$)
Source: World Bank
Burundi Ethiopia Kenya Rwanda Tanzania Uganda $-
$100
$200
$300
$400
$500
$600
$700
$800
$900
$271
$374
$808
$583 $529
$487
Why does GDP matter to Janet?
Average inflation, consumer prices
(annual %)
Source: World Bank
WHY THIS MATTERS1. Coffee farmers
often require credit to smooth out their cashflow.
2. However, at inflation rates like these, plus the large premium that farmers have to pay because they are considered high risk, borrowing rates become extortionate.Burundi Ethiopia Kenya Rwanda Tanzania Uganda
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
10%
33%
14%
6%
13%
19%
Esther is the secretary of her women’s coffee farmer group in Arua, Northern Uganda
Literacy rate in adults
Burundi Ethiopia Kenya Rwanda Tanzania Uganda0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
61%
18%
84%
67% 67% 65%
73%
42%
91%
75%79%
83%
Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above)Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above)
Source: World Bank WHAT THIS CHART DOES NOT SHOW1. The difference between rural and urban people2. It shows general literacy but not financial literacy
Zaina started a school
Percentage of adults aged 15+ living with HIV/AIDS who are women
Burundi Ethiopia Kenya Tanzania Uganda 50.0
52.0
54.0
56.0
58.0
60.0
62.0
64.0
66.0
62.3 63.9
57.1 58.5
55.8
Perc
enta
ge
Source: UNAIDS
PLEASE BEAR IN MIND1. As soon as 67% has been hit, then two thirds of the adults aged 15 or over living
with HIV/AIDS are women. 2. The importance of this is that that is two women for every man.3. Why are more women living with HIV/AIDS than men?
Number of coffee farming households in East Africa in
2011/12. Total number 4.4m
600,000
1,200,000
700,000
400,000
400,000
1,115,000
BurundiEthiopiaKenyaRwandaTanzaniaUganda
Sources: National coffee authorities, bureaux of statistics
Number of women in coffee (millions)
1.4
2.9
1.6
0.9
1
2.7
Burundi Ethiopia
Kenya Rwanda
Tanzania Uganda
Sources: Calculated
Mary Musoba
Total: 10.5m
How we calculate the number of women in
coffee
Sources of information1. National coffee authorities and bureaux of statistics2. National bureaux of statistics3. Calculation4. National bureaux of statistics5. Calculation
Betty
Total number of women in coffee in East Africa is
10.5m
A worker should be compensated for his or her work
Burundi Ethiopia Kenya Rwanda Tanzania Uganda $-
$50
$100
$150
$200
$250
$300
$60
$267
$140
$64
$158
$252
$42
$187
$98
$45
$111
$176
Average amount earned by each coffee farming household per annumValue of work done by women in each HH
US D
olla
rs
Sources: Calculated
How we calculated the “salary” slide
NB: Ethiopia value figures include exports only. About half Ethiopia’s coffee is consumed domestically and these figures are not includes here.
Average annual export value of coffee in the last 3 years
Burundi Ethiopia Kenya Rwanda Tanzania Uganda $-
$100
$200
$300
$400
$500
$600
$50
$534
$178
$56
$107
$370
US$
mill
ion
Source: FAOSTAT
Average percentage of the FOT/B price that goes to
farmers
Burundi Ethiopia Kenya Rwanda Tanzania Uganda0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
72
6055
46
59
76
Perc
enta
ge
Sources: Technoserve, various exporters
So, what does all this mean?
As a woman...
1. You are more likely to have HIV/AIDS, be the recipient of domestic violence, be subjected to FGM
2. You are more likely to be illiterate and poorly educated3. It is probable that you do not own land, or have any
say over what is planted or grown on the family land4. It is highly unlikely that you have a bank account, and
you are less likely to have a mobile phone, radio or email address
5. You probably possess little or nothing of your own6. It is possible that you will turned out of your home
and land if you are widowed
As a woman coffee farmer...
1. You are likely to be the main farm labourer in your household (along with any other women living there)
2. You are unlikely to receive extension advice, unless an extension worker comes to your house, or you pay
3. You are unlikely to receive any credit facilities to buy inputs because you have no assets
4. You cannot sell your coffee because you don’t know how or where to access market information
5. You may not be allowed to leave the house without returning with a “gift” of a kilo of sugar or rice, so attending a women’s coffee farmer group is a challenge
So, who is doing what?
Who is doing what?
WOMEN & YOUTH
PRIVATE SECTOR
STANDARDS
PUBLIC SECTOR
NGO SECTOR
E.g. HIVOS – the business case for women in coffee
E.g. IWCA – chapters in Latin America & Africa
Lots of people and organisations are doing lots of things...
We need an international HUB to
a) To collect data, information and researchb) To disseminate it; make data and information
easily availablec) To communicate best practice, research, and
informationd) To fundraise for research and projectse) And more...
So, my proposal
• The AFCA Secretariat establishes a Women and Youth department
• Network around member countries to find out who is doing what, and what is working
• Fundraise• Collect research, data and information, disseminate it etc
• Or, we could of course do nothing, but lets no do that, lets DO something
In time for her