Emergency Planning and Security of Kuantan Airport (1)

8/10/2019 Emergency Planning and Security of Kuantan Airport (1)

1/15

INTRODUCTION

Security defined as the state of being protected. Besides that, it can also defined as the area in a

place (such as an airport) where people are checked to make sure they are not carrying weapons

or other illegal materials.

The location that our group chose for this project is Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Airport. The airport

is located 15 km from the city. In 2009, the airport handled 226,912 passengers on 3,110 flights

(annually). For passenger facilities the airport has outdoor car park, a taxi stand, several small

shops, an arrival hall and a departure hall.

Aerodrome Emergency Planning

The Airport Emergency Plan (AEP) encompasses contingency plans to achieve the coordinated

actions to be taken by all agencies involved in response to emergencies at an airport. Moreover,the AEP provide a clear chain of command and control established from the executive level to the

field operators. The AEP can be known as a living document and the requires actions and roles of

the various key personnel and organizations may be reviewed from time to time. Some of the

emergency planning that are stated in AEP are:

Crash gate

A Crash Gate located at respective runway ends provides access to and from the airfield

to the crash / accident site.

Designated Isolated Aircraft Parking Area

A designated area to route (if airborne) of isolated an aircraft subject to specific bomb

warning or hijack incident.

The hierarchy of Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Airport

General Manager, AVI

Mustafa Kamal Hj. Alang Othman

He started his career in 1980 and held Chief of Security positions at all international

airports including KLIA whilst working with Department of Civil Aviation (DCA).

He has extensive experiences in airport operations ranging from aviation security,

terminal operations, airport operations centre to airport fire & rescue service. He is a

subject-matter expert in aviation security and is frequently invited to be a speaker at

various security seminars, locally and abroad.


2/15

General Manager, Airport Fire & Rescue Services

Abd Malik MohdYunus

He was a Graduate Diploma in Airport Management from the National University of

Singapore under the Malaysia Airports-Airport Management Development Programme

(AMDP).

A Graduate Diploma in Airport Management from the National University of Singapore

under the Malaysia Airports-Airport Management Development Programme (AMDP).

Airport emergency committee (AEC)


3/15

Major incident management plan

MASB Airport manager

Chairman

(EN.Suhaimi Bin Abd Rahman)

Base Commander / SATCOHead Of Operation

(Abdul Halim HJ.AwangMahmooh)

Polis Di Raja Malaysia (PDRM)

Chief Of Aviation Security (AVSEC)

(Insp.PBZamri Bin Ab.Latif)

Hospital TengkuAmpuanAfzan

(Member)

JabatanBombadanPenyelamat

Malaysia (JMPM)

Kastam Di Raja Malaysia

(KDRM)

JabatanImigresen

JabatanPertahananAwam

Malaysia (JPAM)

PersatuanBulanSabitMerah

Malaysia (PBSM)

Syarikat Penerbangan / Aircraft

Operatior


4/15

Airport Evaluation Committee

AFRS OIC

POLICE/AVESEC OUTER

CORDON COMAND

VIP VISTORS

MEDIA LIASON

RENDEZVOUS POINT

SRC FRC

OCPD / Chief Of Police IPD/IPK

(Chairman)


5/15

Aviation Security (AVSEC)

MASB Airport manager(Member)

Base Commander / SATCO

(Member)

Chief Of AVSEC / AVSEC ShiftLeader On Duty (Secretary)

Senior Representative Of Airlines

Concern


6/15

As national gateways, large numbers of people pass through airports every day. The high

concentration of people located in a small area along with the potential of smuggling illicit goods

and materials are highly attractive to terrorists and those with ill intent, resulting in substantial

security risks at airports.

Airport security refers to the techniques and methods used in protecting passengers, staff and

aircraft which use the airports from accidental/malicious harm, crime and other threats.

Large numbers of people pass through airports every day. This presents potential targets for

terrorism and other forms of crime because of the number of people located in a particular

location. Similarly, the high concentration of people on large airliners, the potential high death

rate with attacks on aircraft, and the ability to use a hijacked airplane as a lethal weapon may

provide an alluring target for terrorism, whether or not they succeed due their high profile nature

following the various attacks and attempts around the globe in recent years.

Airport security attempts to prevent any threats or potentially dangerous situations from arising or

entering the country. If airport security does succeed in this, then the chances of any dangerous

situations, illegal items or threats entering into both aircraft, country and airport are greatly

reduced. As such, airport security serves several purposes: To protect the airport and country

from any threatening events, to reassure the traveling public that they are safe and to protect the

country and their people.

Process and equipment

Some incidents have been the result of travelers being permitted to carry either weapons

or items that could be used as weapons on board aircraft so that they could hijack the plane.


7/15

Travelers are screened by metal detectors. Explosive detection machines used include X-ray

machines and explosives trace-detection portal machines (a.k.a. "puffer machines"). In the United

States the TSA is working on new scanning machines that are still effective searching for objects

that aren't allowed in the airplanes but that don't depict the passengers in a state of undress that

some find embarrassing. Explosive detection machines can also be used for both carry on and

checked baggage. These detect volatile compounds given off from explosives using gas

chromatography.

A recent development is the controversial use of backscatter X-rays to detect hidden weapons and

explosives on passengers. These devices, which use Compton scattering, require that the

passenger stand close to a flat panel and produce a high resolution image. A technology released

in Israel in early 2008 allows passengers to pass through metal detectors without removing their

shoes, a process required as walk-though gate detectors are not reliable in detecting metal in

shoes or on the lower body extremities. Alternately, the passengers step fully shoed onto a device

which scans in under 1.2 seconds for objects as small as a razor blade. In some countries,

specially trained individuals may engage passengers in a conversation to detect threats rather than

solely relying on equipment to find threats.

A single backscatter scan exposes the target to between 0.05 to 0.1 micro Sievert of radiation. In

comparison, the exposure from a standard chest x-ray is almost 100 times higher.

Generally people are screened through airport security into areas where the exit gates to the

aircraft are located. These areas are often called "secure", "sterile" and airside. Passengers are

discharged from airliners into the sterile area so that they usually will not have to be re-screened

if disembarking from a domestic flight; however they are still subject to search at any time.

Airport food outlets have started using plastic glasses and utensils as opposed to glasses made out

of glass and utensils made out of metal to reduce the usefulness of such items as weapons.


8/15

Insp.PBZamri Bin Ab.Latif

Chief Of Aviation Security (AVSEC) on duty

Briefing about the operation from head of operation sultan Ahmad Shah AirportSir Abdul Halim HJ.Awang Mahmooh

Briefing Emergency Planning And Security Of Kuantan Airport from chairman (EN.Suhaimi

Bin Abd Rahman) and Insp.PBZamri Bin Ab.Latif Chief Of Aviation Security (AVSEC)


9/15

Briefing about the operation from head of operation sultan Ahmad Shah Airport

Sir Abdul Halim HJ.AwangMahmooh

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AVIATION (DCA)

The DCA is established as an agency under the Ministry of Transport (MOT) Malaysia to provide safe,

efficient orderly flow of air transportation, and to regulate aviation activities in Malaysia. The rapid

expansion of Malaysia's aviation and air transport industries is largely due to the pragmatic approachtaken by DCA in ensuring compliance to standards and recommended practices of the International Civil

Aviation Organization (ICAO)

- DCA control the tower in Tentera Udara Diraja Malaysia((TUDM) area

-


10/15

Airport Terminal Design - Fire Safety Issues

Airport fire safety design poses unique challenges for the fire protection engineer. There are few other

building types whose dominant focus is a full operations cycle involving large numbers of public occupants

as well as a complex support system to enable the building function (retail, baggage handling, security, and

so on). To enable this interaction, architecture becomes key in creating tall, open front-of-house spaces

and enabling high-frequency operations back-of-houseall in a specific departures and arrivals cycle

running in parallel. This remains true regardless of the geographic location. This article presents a fire


11/15

safety design approach, using the fire protection engineering process outlined in BS 7974,1to highlight the

key items that can create a practical airport terminal fire safety design.

Over the years, the fire protection engineer has played a role in airport designseen as an enabler of the

operational and design features. Success relies on integration with the other design team members andstakeholders. With operational requirements and signature architecture forming a fundamental basis of

the project, close communication with the airport operator, their fire safety management team, as well as

the architect, from the very conceptual stages, have proven to be fundamental to the successful design and

implementation of an airport terminal fire safety design.

The fire protection engineer has a substantial role from concept stages, right through to design,

quantifying the agreed principles and being part of the specification stage and onwards to construction

and design compliance on-site. For airports (like many other complex buildings and one could suggest, in

fact, any building), a robust strategy for commissioning the fire and life safety systems and inspecting thekey elements for completeness, as well as participating in the training and handover of a functioning fire

strategy, is increasingly a required part of the fire protection engineer's role.

A recent project at Dublin Airport (Terminal 2) in Ireland illustrates pertinent fire safety issues relating to

the design and, ultimately, the successful delivery of an airport terminal.

Terminal 2 is located to the east of the existing Terminal 1. The building consists of a seven-story main

terminal building of approximately 70,000 m2and a three story Pier E building of approximately 20,000

m2in area. The state-of-the-art terminal is capable of handling up to 15 million passengers per year. At its

peak, Terminal 2 was the largest construction project in the state and employed up to 2,600 workers on-

site. Importantly, the terminal was built in a live airport environment creating substantial logistics re-

alignment on the site to enable continuity of operations.

The initial fire strategy concept began in 2006, culminating in completion of the final as-built fire strategy

revisions in 2012.

Irish legislation, until recent amendments were introduced, required that site works could not commence

without prior approval of fire safety design in the form of an approved Fire Safety Certificate from the

fire authority. Revised certificates were subsequently required in order to reflect the as-built form. A

change control method was adopted so that the fire protection engineer could review changes as they arose

and subsequently address them with the fire authority. Such changes included architectural design

development and modifications arising from on-site construability issues.


12/15

Figure 1. QDR Process

THE FIRE PROTECTION ENGINEERING PROCESS


13/15

Airports, due to their design, necessitate the adoption of a fire protection engineered approach as opposed

to following the recommendations of prescriptive guidance. BS 7974 provides a basic framework for the

application of fire safety engineering and is similar in that regard to the processes set out in other

contemporary performance-based design guides such as that developed by SFPE.2This approach is

illustrated in Figure 1.

The guidance recommends four main steps in the process:

1. Qualitative design review (QDR)

2. Quantitative analysis of design

3. Assessment against criteria

4. Reporting and presentation of results

While all of these stages are important in developing a robust strategy, it is during the QDR stage where

the parameters that can create a successful fire safety design are created. If the key items are not known or

identified during the QDR, the remainder of the process will suffer. The remainder of this discussion will

use the challenges met during the design and construction of Terminal 2 as an example of items that

should be identified and addressed during the QDR stage.

THE QUALITATIVE DESIGN REVIEW (QDR)

BS 7974 identifies the main stages in the QDR process as the following:

a. Review of architectural design and occupant characteristics,

b.

Establish fire safety objectives,

c. Identify fire hazards and possible consequences,

d. Establish trial fire safety designs,

e. Identify acceptance criteria and methods of analysis,

f. Establish fire scenarios for analysis.

StorageConcept Design Construction

Team

Client (includingclient bodies suchas security, retail,customs, etc.)

Understandoperational goals &agree on businesscontinuity objectives.Communicate conceptfire strategy.

Communicate detailed firestrategy and any operationalimplications. Clearly outlinefire safety managementrequirements. Hold

workshops with client bodiesas required.

Close collaboration duringOperational Readiness ActivationTransition (ORAT) phase tounderstand client needs. Provide forthe safety of occupants within the

building prior to completion. Adviseon legislative health & safetyimplications.

Architect Understandarchitecturalaspirations &communicate concept

Communicate detailed firestrategy & hold design

workshops to developintegrated solutions. Illustrate

Approving benchmark constructiondetails and assisting with siteinspections. Assistance withproblems encountered on-site.


14/15

fire strategy. fire strategy on drawings.Agreement of constructiondetails.

Mechanical,Electrical &Plumbing (MEP)

Understand conceptMEP strategy &communicate concept

life safety systemsstrategy.

Communicate detailed firestrategy & hold design

workshops to develop

integrated solutions.

Assist and witness systemscommissioning. Assist with siteinspections.

Dublin FireBrigade

Agree on main firestrategy principles.

Hold meetings and workshopsas necessary to agree ondetailed strategy. Gain formalstrategy approval.

Additional approvals if required.

Insurer Understand maininsurance objectives.

Communication andagreement of detailedstrategy.

Verify that insurance goals aremaintained.

ConstructionManager

Impart fire strategy principles andimportance of quality duringconstruction. Regular liaison to

prioritize areas of work dependingon client needs (e.g., ORAT).Assisting with construction qualityassurance.

Main Contractor Agree on benchmark details. Closeliaison to agree on solutions toproblems encountered duringconstruction.

Table 1. QDR Team Members and Responsibilities


15/15

Figure 2. Cabin Concept

The cabin concept approach referenced above relates to a method commonly adopted in large - volume

buildings in which the fire load is located within cabin-like structures. A retail unit within a shoppingcenter or airport is a prime example.

The approach is based on the provision of a ceiling void that acts as a smoke reservoir, as shown in Figure

2. The provision of automatic sprinkler protection limits the fire size and volume of smoke produced.

Smoke extraction is designed to limit any spread out of the cabin. The cabin concept is a useful approach

in buildings in which, allowing smoke to flow up to the roof, would result in significant extraction rates.

Other benefits include limiting smoke spread (and, therefore, business disruption) to the fire unit and the

maintaining of an open-unit frontage.

Emergency Planning and Security of Kuantan Airport (1)

Documents

Transcript of Emergency Planning and Security of Kuantan Airport (1)