EMEP Monitoring Activities – Contributions to and Requirements from GAS Aasmund Fahre Vik, Kjetil...
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Transcript of EMEP Monitoring Activities – Contributions to and Requirements from GAS Aasmund Fahre Vik, Kjetil...
EMEP Monitoring Activities – Contributions to and
Requirements from GAS
Aasmund Fahre Vik, Kjetil TørsethNorwegian Institute for Air Research
Outline
• What is EMEP• EMEP monitoring strategy• How does EMEP contribute to GAS• What are the needs of EMEP from GAS• Use of satellite products
EMEP overview
• European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme• Funded through UN-ECE since 1979• http://www.emep.int• More than 50 participating countries in larger Europe• Focus on monitoring of transboundary (regional
scale) air pollution for CLRTAP• Aim is to get countries to agree on reductions in
emission of environmental pollutants• Successful in reduction of problems with acidification
in eighties
The Convention for Long-Range Transport of Air Pollution
The EMEP programme relies on three main elements: (1) Collection of emission data(2) Measurements of air and precipitation quality(3) Modelling of atmospheric transport and deposition of air pollution.
27 April 2007
EMEP data overview
OECD-LRTAP
Data sharing agreementsWMO WDCAWMO WDCGGWMO WDPC”GEOSS”
HELCOM
OSPAR COMISSION
AMAP
”EBAS” – Ref.lab, QAQC, CTM, IAM, AQM
Harmonisation related tomonitoring strategies, methodologies,data flow and assessment
Sites operated for compliance, subject to QAQC by NFPs and NRLs
1970 1980 1990 2000
EMEP Monitoring
• Traditionally focused on acidification and eutrophication – acid rain problems
• Continuously expanding its scope and adapting to new needs
• Consistent long-term time series are maintained to monitor emission reductions
• Current monitoring strategy covering 2004 – 2009
• Revised strategy is under way
EMEP Monitoring strategy2004-2009
• Extended list of parameters to be measured and more formal requirements
• Focus on extension wrt spatial coverage • ”Level” approach • ”Supersites” and the involvement of national
research activities• Monitoring in relation to other frameworks
Main ions in precip PM10 and/or PM2.5 TC, OC or OM
Heavy metals POP VOC
Status 2006, incl intensive data
83
67 16 17
29 12
Status level 1
• Improved for particulate matter, chemical speciation and spatial coverage
However:• Still need more sites to measure base cations• and more sites in east of Europe
New EMEP sites in the EECCA region
MD: Leovo
KZ: Borovoye
GE: Abastumani
AR: Amberd
UA: Danube delta (in kind)
Support from:CAPACT http://www.unece.org/ie/capact
Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Status Level 2, supersites
• Improved: EC/OC, dust ,Hg and N gas/part (partly intensive periode data)
However• Still need for more sites measuring EC/OC, dust and gas/part regularly• Need better spatial coverage especially of POPs and VOC
Update of EMEPMonitoring Strategy (1)
• Review of current strategy for identification of gaps in 2008
• Need to see EMEP monitoring in relation to:– Climate change– Local air pollution– Intercontinental transport– Agricultural activities– Natural sources (forest fires, dust events, etc.)– New substances
Update of EMEPMonitoring Strategy (2)
• Need to be harmonised with other initiatives (e.g. GMES, GEOSS, IGACO, WMO-GAW)
• Special need for data delivery in Near Real Time (and within weeks/months)
• Still no intention on provision of “Public Awareness”
• New strategy to be finalised in 2009
How does EMEPcontribute to GAS? (1)
• Provides groundbased monitoring network:- Well documented data quality- Sites with large geographical representativeness- Comprehensive list of parameters- Supersites suitable for integrated monitoring and process studies- Long-term and conservative activity- User driven (buttom up), large scientific involvement- Significant ”voluntary commitment”- Combination of ”state-of-the-art” and ”simple-and-reliable”- Open data policy
How does EMEPcontribute to GAS? (2)
• Important driver for reduction in transboundary air pollution – policy connections
• Collects and distributes official emission datasets from members states
• Well established eulerian model developed by met.no - designed to calculate air concentrations and deposition fields for major acidifying and eutrophying pollutants, photo-oxidants and particulate matter
• Provision of Integrated Impact Assessments
What does EMEP need from GAS?
• Better estimation of model uncertainty through ensemble model runs (e.g. GEMS/MACC)
• More integrated monitoring to better characterise hemispheric transport
• Larger spatial coverage – especially in remote areas and over oceans
27 April 2007
Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution
• Organised under EMEP steering body• Co-chaired by EU DG Env and US-EPA• How large is the contribution of
intercontinental transport of Air Pollution to regional-scale Air Quality?
• Data coverage of regular monitoring network not sufficient
• Request for additional data sources such as airborne measurements and satellite data
Use of AATSR and SCIAMACHY data (SYNAER product) for regional scale air quality assessments through EMEP
• The SYNAER product– Provided by DLR through ESA-GSE
PROMOTE Stage I & II projects– Synergistic retrieval of aerosol
properties based AATSR and SCIAMACHY (and ATSR/GOME)
– Radiometer used to estimate AOD as a function of wavelength – gives information on size distribution
– Spectrometer used to estimate aerosol composition and vertical distribution
– Surface levels of PM10, PM2.5 and PM0.5 given for cloud-free pixels on SCIAMACHY-grid
SYNAER v0.9 v.s. EMEP (II)
Improved version, 1.81.8 0.9
Still problems with v1.8PM2.5 All stations
y = 0.27x + 14.13
y = 0.29x + 12.21
y = 0.51x + 11.86
y = 0.80x + 13.14
y = 0.63x + 19.08
y = 0.90x + 20.58
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
EMEP PM2.5
Syn
aer
PM
2.5
Synaer 1.8 2
Synaer 1.8 1
Synaer 1.8 0.5
Synaer old 2
Synaer old 1
Synaer old 0.5
Linear (Synaer 1.8 2)
Linear (Synaer 1.8 1)
Linear (Synaer 1.8 0.5)
Linear (Synaer old 2)
Linear (Synaer old 1)
Linear (Synaer old 0.5)
PM10 All stations
y = 0.33x + 18.91
y = 0.24x + 19.49
y = 0.27x + 20.60
y = 0.08x + 31.81
y = -0.72x + 49.03
y = -1.38x + 64.93
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 50 100 150 200 250
EMEP PM2.5
Syn
aer
PM
2.5
Synaer 1.8 2
Synaer 1.8 1
Synaer 1.8 0.5
Synaer old 2
Synaer old 1
Synaer old 0.5
Linear (Synaer 1.8 2)
Linear (Synaer 1.8 1)
Linear (Synaer 1.8 0.5)
Linear (Synaer old 2)
Linear (Synaer old 1)
Linear (Synaer old 0.5)
Scatterplot of SYNAER data versus EMEP PM10 and PM2.5 values from four stations (Zarra, Payerne, Ispra and Birkenes) for the period 01.07.2005-30.09.2005
• NILU works in close collaboration with the data provider• Further analyses reveals problems with cloud masking algorithm• Data provider improves algorithm based on user feedback• V2.0 shows improvement, especially average values
Conclusions
• EMEP has developed a sustainable and comprehensive monitoring programme for evaluation of emission reductions
• EMEP monitoring system should become an integrated part of GMES
• GMES services are needed in order to fulfil future needs of CLRTAP – EMEP is core user in GAS