EMC: How to handle large machinery2 Overview • Large Machinery • EMC Directive and Harmonised...

1

EMC: How to handlelarge machinery

Prof. dr. ir. Johan CATRYSSE

FMEC, KHBO, Oostende (BE)MICAS/ESAT, KULeuven (BE)

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Overview

• Large Machinery• EMC Directive and Harmonised Standards• TEMCA2 project• Conducted Emission• Radiated Emission• Immunity Testing• Practical Example• Conclusions• Questions



3

Introduction: the actual ambient



4

Overview




5

Large Machinery

PS

Machinery

Input / output of materialsAccess by operator

Motor

PDS

Emergency stop

electronics

Mains



6

Large Machinery



7

Overview




8

EMC Directive 2004/108 and Harmonised Standards for machinery

Application of HS

D.o.C.Technical Documentation

Optional report fromnotified body

Product type

Application of protectionrequirements

Apparatus

Installation

Name of :manufacturer

importer

Type : xxx-yyyS/N : 123456

EMC assessment



9




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EMC Directive 2004/108 and Harmonised Standards for machineryEN 50370-1

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) – Product family standardfor machine tools – Part 1: Emission

EN 50370-2Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) – Product family standardfor machine2 tools – Part 2: Immunity

If a specific product standard exists, it overrules the use of EN 50370-X

Examples:PDS: EN 61800-3PLC: EN 61131-2Power Supply: EN 62041IT EN 55022 (CISPR 22)

Note: All of them refer to the basic standards for test setups (e.g. CISPR)



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CHOICE OF PROCEDURE

Procedure A Procedure B Procedure C

Prepare Machine Prepare entireelectrical set

Divide into EM relevant modules

Type Test Type Test Type Test

Visual inspection Visual inspection

Additional test on machine

END



12

Overview




13

TEMCA2 project

• TEMCA2, “Alternative EMC testing methods for large machines”,No. G6RD-CT-2002-00865 for the 5th European Framework Program, GROWTH, Objective 6.2.1. (Methodologies to support standardisation)

• The three main objectives of TEMCA2 were:

• development of new methodologies and methods for the evaluation of conducted and radiated emission,

generated by large machinery, as an alternative to the existing harmonized standards

• development of new methodologies and methods for the evaluation of immunity of large machinery,

as an alternative to the existing harmonized standards

• expertise transfer by means of a guideline for machine manufacturers



14

Overview




15

Conducted Emission

• The main problem for large machinery is related to two items:

– the current consumption, and the current handling capacity of a LISN– the fact that it is nearly impossible to insert a measuring probe in the power

mains cabling

• If possible, to develop measuring setups, with a non-contacting probe for the power mains

• Therefore, a number of possible alternative methodologies have been analysed, and an example of measuring results is given in the next sections



16

Conducted Emission

• LISN used as a voltage probe (or “LISN in parallel”)



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Conducted Emission

• CISPR 11 voltage probe 1500/50 Ohm



18

Conducted Emission

• Capacitive Voltage Probe (CVP)



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Conducted Emission

• EFT Capacitive clamp used as capacitive voltage probe



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Conducted Emission

• Capacitive Foil Probe (CFP)

Measurement wire

Crocodile clampFoil

Cable duct (GRP)

GRP connection



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Conducted Emission

• Capacitive Foil Probe (CFP) - calibration setup

KHBOCALIBRATION CAPACITIVE FOIL PROBE (CFP)

(Injected signal: 0 dBm)

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

0,1 1 10 100Frequency (MHz)

Rec

eive

d si

gnal

(dB

m) -18 dBm

+20 dB/dec

-38 dBm

-58 dBm



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Conducted Emission

• Capacitive Foil Probe (CFP) - CRYPTE (ONERA) analysis & simulation

0.5 mm

50 mm

12

3

1 mm

7.807 mm

4

0.5 mm

50 mm

12

3

1 mm

7.807 mm

4

30 cm

Z1=50Ohm(receiver)

30 cm

Z1=50Ohm(receiver)



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Conducted Emission


Simulation of the LISN

0

0

0

R4

50

R2

6

R1

6

L202mH

L10 2mHL4 50uHL3 250uH

L2 50uHL1 250uHR6

50

R5

50

C31uf

R10

5

R9

5

C6

1uf

C5

8uf

C42uf

C28uf

C1

2uf

L5 1.7mh

L6

1.7mh

K K2

COUPLING = 0.99

K_Linear

V5

V4

V6

C71uf

C8

1uf

R11

50

R12

50

T19

T3coupledX

in1in2in3

out1out2out3

L30 2mH

L40 2mH

R100

220000

K K1

COUPLING = 0.99

K_Linear

L7

100nH

C19

2n

L8

16uhL9

16uh

L11

2.5uh

R18

2

T34

T3coupledX

in1in2in3

out1out2out3

C9

2.2ufC10

2.2uf

C11

4.7nf

C15

500pF

C12

4.7nf

C20

1n

POWER NETWORK

LISNMACHINE TOOL

RECEIVER



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Conducted Emission


Simulation of the CFP lumped model

0

0

0

0

0

0

L10 2mH

R1

6

R2

6

R4

50

R5

50

R6

50

K K2

COUPLING = 0.99

K_Linear

V4

V5V6

L12

1.5uH C210.1uf

R1950

L13

1.5uH

R2050

T19

T3coupledX

in1in2in3

out1out2out3

L14

1.5uH

R2150

L40 2mH

L30 2mH

C230.1uf

C240.1uf

K K1

COUPLING = 0.99

K_Linear R100

220000

C19

2n

R18

2

L11

2.5uh

L9

16uh

L8

16uh T34

T3coupledX

in1in2in3

out1out2out3

C25

100pf

R2850

C10

2.2uf

C9

2.2uf

C11

4.7nf

C12

4.7nf

C20

1n

L202mH

POWER NETWORKMACHINE TOOL

RECEIVER

CAPACITIVE FOIL PROBE (CFP)

STABILISATION NETWORK



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Conducted Emission


Simulation of the CFP transmission line model

0

0

0 0

0

0

0

R1

6

R2

6

R4

50

R5

50

R6

50

K K2

COUPLING = 0.99

K_Linear

V4

V5V6

L12

1.5uH C210.1uf

L13

1.5uH

R2050

T19

T3coupledX

in1in2in3

out1out2out3

L14

1.5uH

L40 2mH

L30 2mH

C230.1uf

K K1

COUPLING = 0.99

K_Linear R100

220000

C19

2n

T35

T4coupledX

in1in2in3in4

out1out2out3out4

R18

2

L11

2.5uh

L9

16uh

L8

16uh T34

T3coupledX

in1in2in3

out1out2out3 R26

100MEGR2750

L10 2mH

C10

2.2uf

C9

2.2uf

C11

4.7nf

C12

4.7nf

C20

1n

L202mH

R2150

R1950

C240.1uf

POWER NETWORKMACHINE TOOL

CAPACITIVE FOIL PROBE (CFP)

STABILISATION NETWORK

RECEIVEROPENCIRCUIT

FOIL



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Conducted Emission


COMPARISON LISN - CFPEffect of CFP modeling: Transmission Line model vs. Capacitor lumped model

(network impedance stabilised; MT filter installed)

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

0,001 0,01 0,1 1 10 100

Frequency (MHz)

Rece

ived

Vol

tage

(dBu

V)

LISN

CFP: C lumped model

CFP: TL model



27

Overview




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Radiated Emission

• The main problems for in-situ measurements for radiated emission are:– the lack of space to perform adequate measurements using antenna’s– the background noise in an industrial environment

• Therefore, an alternative methodology has been developed, by putting a simple wire over the machine. This wire acts as an antenna, and is able to capture radiated emissions.

The problem is to identify and define a correlation factor (or antenna factor or K-factor) for this “test-wire” method.



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Radiated Emission

Definition of the problem



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Radiated Emission

Definition of the problem - Basic concept by use of GTO



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Radiated Emission

Definition of the problem - Basic concept by use of GTO

ANTENNA METHOD - TEST WIRE METHODCOMPARISON: CETIM, LABEIN, SIEMENS

GTO with Cu-plate not mounted, in semianechoic chamber

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

10 100 1000Frequency (MHz)

Diff

eren

ce (d

B/m

)

LABEINCETIMSIEMENSMEAN VALUE

30 300

Proposed K-factor (initial) Proposed K-factor (new)



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Radiated Emission

Definition of the problem - Basic concept by wire simulation



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Radiated Emission

Definition of the problem - Basic concept by wire simulation



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Overview




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Immunity Testing

• It has been found that two different interferences are important concerning the immunity of machines

– Effects by radio transmitters, simulated by CW signal injection– Effects due to transients, simulated by EFT and external ESD

• Most machines have only a few outside connections:– Connection to a power mains network– Connection to a LAN or data network– Construction of the machine is normally a metal chassis or even

closed cubicle, and cable layout near the metal GND reference caneasily be done

– EMC assessment will show that all subparts, subassemblies and components are CE marked, and that final testing is only intended forfinal control of the machinery

• Simple alternative methods might be used



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Immunity Testing: radiated immunity

• Bulk Current Injection instead of Radiated immunity testing, in the range from 1 MHz upto 1 GHz (and above) on all externalcabling. This avoids also the perturbation of the spectrum.

– Injected current was found to be about 1.5 mA/ 1 V/m fieldstrength



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Pow er for 40 dB am plifier to generate 3V on cabling

-20,00

-10,00

0,00

10,00

20,00

30,00

40,00

1 10 100 1000Frequentie (M Hz)

Pin

(dB

m)

EM 101EFTFolie

Comparison of BCI clamp (EM 101), EFT capacitive clamp and CFP probe for conducted immunity tests



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• Bulk Current Injection instead of Radiated immunity testing, in the range from 1 MHz upto 1 GHz– Injected current following MIL Std 461E



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• Bulk Current Injection instead of Radiated immunity testing, in the range from 1 MHz upto 1 GHz– Injected current following Ford Motor Co.



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• Bulk Current Injection instead of Radiated immunity testing, in the range from 1 MHz upto 1 GHz: Measuring setup



EMC: How to handle large machinery2 Overview • Large Machinery • EMC Directive and Harmonised...

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Transcript of EMC: How to handle large machinery2 Overview • Large Machinery • EMC Directive and Harmonised...