Elizabethan Conquest: Virginia - St.Clement's History · Virginia A base in the New World to attack...

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Elizabethan Conquest: Virginia

Transcript of Elizabethan Conquest: Virginia - St.Clement's History · Virginia A base in the New World to attack...

Page 1: Elizabethan Conquest: Virginia - St.Clement's History · Virginia A base in the New World to attack Spanish colonies Virginia was close enough to Florida and the Caribbean, but far

ElizabethanConquest:Virginia

Page 2: Elizabethan Conquest: Virginia - St.Clement's History · Virginia A base in the New World to attack Spanish colonies Virginia was close enough to Florida and the Caribbean, but far

Reasonsforvoyagesofexploration16Marker– Statementwithafocus,rememberthemainbodyoftheessayremainsthesame!Justthefocusofyouragreementchanges

Possiblebulletpoints:

• IncreaseEngland’swealth• Anglo-Spanishrelations

(retaliation/provocation/undermineSpain’spower)

• DevelopingTraderoutes&markets

• Politicalreasons• TocompetewithEuropean

powers/empirebuilding• Privateering

Remembertoagreeordisagreeinopeningsentencethencompareallparagraphstothe

focusinthequestion

Page 3: Elizabethan Conquest: Virginia - St.Clement's History · Virginia A base in the New World to attack Spanish colonies Virginia was close enough to Florida and the Caribbean, but far

Reasons for colonisation of

Virginia

AbaseintheNewWorldtoattackSpanish

colonies

VirginiawascloseenoughtoFloridaandtheCaribbean,butfarenoughfromSpanishcoloniesto

besafe

TobeingrivallingSpain’soverseasempire,itwouldtake200moreyearstobuildtheBritishEmpire,

buttheseearlyexperiences&mistakes

helped

UndermineSpain’sinfluence

intheNewWorld

Agoodexampletoencouragefurthercolonisation inthe

NewWorld

OffertheNativeAmericansanalternativeto

Spanishdomination,tradingwithEnglishsettlersinstead

TradewasvitaltoEnglisheconomy,sonewmarketswere

neededasSpainweremakingitdifficultin

Europe

TobaccoandSugarwas

popularfromVirginia

Abaseofprivateering

Page 4: Elizabethan Conquest: Virginia - St.Clement's History · Virginia A base in the New World to attack Spanish colonies Virginia was close enough to Florida and the Caribbean, but far

SirWalterRaleigh• Gentry(rich&influential)• Explorer&Courtier• OneofElizabeth’sfavourites• Popularised tobacco&potatoes• 1584 – paidbyElizabethto

exploreandsettlelandsinNorthAmerica(givenapatent)

• Raleighhadtopersuadeothercoloniststoinvestinandjoinhiminhisconquest

Significance:• Investigated,organised and

fundedtheestablishmentofVirginia

• RuledVirginiaasgovernor• Createdthe‘blueprint’tobe

usedforfurtherEnglishcolonisations later

Page 5: Elizabethan Conquest: Virginia - St.Clement's History · Virginia A base in the New World to attack Spanish colonies Virginia was close enough to Florida and the Caribbean, but far

Tin,utensils,metalknives,fish,nutsandavarietyoffruits&vegetableswerebarteredwiththeIndians.

ReportsweresentbacktoEnglandofaparadisehereandtheNativeAmericanIndianswerefriendlyandwelcoming!

Promisesofricheswereimportancebecauseofthepreviousfailures!

Manteo&Wanchese:

TwoNativeAmericanIndianswerebroughtbacktoEnglandandhelpedwriteadictionaryandteachtheirlanguage‘Algonquian’,whichwouldproveusefulwhencolonising Virginia

Revision:DocumentaryofRoanokeIsland https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yxlUcW2n2bY

Page 6: Elizabethan Conquest: Virginia - St.Clement's History · Virginia A base in the New World to attack Spanish colonies Virginia was close enough to Florida and the Caribbean, but far

Stick this in your books

This is Raleigh’s plan

Your job is to work out how he will address and manage the things on his plan

Inpairs,planhowRaleighisgoingtocolonise Virginia,whatwillherequire,whatdoesheneedtoconsiderorworryaboutetc…

Thefollowingheadingsmighthelp:

• Who?• Whentosail?• Ships?• Supplies?• Otherconsiderations

Page 7: Elizabethan Conquest: Virginia - St.Clement's History · Virginia A base in the New World to attack Spanish colonies Virginia was close enough to Florida and the Caribbean, but far

“Iamtrying,we’rebarteringourcheapEnglishwoolwiththeIndians!IreallydothinkifwecansuccessfullyestablishthiscolonywecanprovideworkforEnglishclothmakersandmerchants.It

willalsoprovidetobaccoandgoldthatwecansellathomeandmakeyouevenricher!”

£££ Raising funds for Virginia“Yourmajesty,IhavesetupacolonyonthewestcoastofNorth

Americaasyouasked.Theproblemisthecosts,Ibegofyou,pleasefundthismission,orIfearwemaylosethegainswe’vemade”

“No!YouknowIamcarefulwithourmoney,andwehaveaverysignificantproblemonthehorizon,thingshavegottenprettybadbetweenusandSpain,Icannot

affordyourcolonyandIneedyouhereanyway!

Iwillgiveyou£400,gunpowderandship,therestyou’llhavetoraiseyourself,becauseIamsupportingyou,

otherswillseethisasaworthwhileventure!Walsingham isinterestedininvesting,I’llhaveaword!”

“IdowantyoutonameitVirginiathough,Ithinkthathasaringtoit,youknow,inhonour ofmebeingthe

VirginQueen!;-)

Page 8: Elizabethan Conquest: Virginia - St.Clement's History · Virginia A base in the New World to attack Spanish colonies Virginia was close enough to Florida and the Caribbean, but far

“DoyouthinkyoucanpersuadetheQueentoletmego?ShehassaidIhavetostayherebecauseoftheworseningrelationswith

Spain!Someoneneedstoleadthevoyageandthecolony”

“No,notthistime,IpromiseIwilltakeanySpanishshipsthatcomeourway,includingtheircargoes,justlookhowmuch

moneyDrakehasbroughtback!”

£££ Raising funds for Virginia

“Wellwhenyouputitlikethat!You’reright,Drakeisrunningroundherelikehe’skingoftheworld!Icoulddowithsomeofthat!”

“HeySirFrancisWalsingham,theQueenhassaidyouwillfundourmissiontocolonise Virginia?I’veinvestedloadsofmyownmoney,

wouldIdothatiftherewasarisk??”

“I’minterested,butyouhavefailedpreviously,won’titbeawasteofmoneytryingagain?”

Page 9: Elizabethan Conquest: Virginia - St.Clement's History · Virginia A base in the New World to attack Spanish colonies Virginia was close enough to Florida and the Caribbean, but far

Roanoke Island

• Intheend,Raleighonlymanagedtoget107colonists,despitethe300he’dhopedfor!• Allweremen• Halfweresoldiers,buttherewerelandowners,farmers,skilledcraftsmenand

mathematiciansattractedbythepromiseofmakingtheirfortunesinVirginia

Ships & timings: • 5shipsweresent(Tiger,Roebuck,Lion,Dorothy&Elizabeth• TheTigerwasthebiggestandcarriedalloftheperishables(meats,

vegetables,beer,wine,seedsandgrain)• 9April1585,thiswasalreadytoolateforplantingtheircropswhen

theyarrivedtoseethemthroughthewinter• TheEnglishlandedonRoanokeIslandin1585,thisiswherethey

begansettling.• RaleighwasnotallowedtogoduetobeingtheQueen’sfavourite

andsheneededhimbecauseofthetensionswithSpain

Appointing leaders:

Page 10: Elizabethan Conquest: Virginia - St.Clement's History · Virginia A base in the New World to attack Spanish colonies Virginia was close enough to Florida and the Caribbean, but far

Whydidthecolonisation fail?Wewillnowassessthereasonswhythecolonisation failed.

Thesearethe”bulletpoints”(reasons)ina12marker

Reasons:

• Badplanning• TheVoyage• Nofood/farmingresources• Thecoloniststhemselves• Inexperience• NativeAmericanIndian

resistance• SpanishArmadataking

resourcesandmoney

(Indianchief)

Page 11: Elizabethan Conquest: Virginia - St.Clement's History · Virginia A base in the New World to attack Spanish colonies Virginia was close enough to Florida and the Caribbean, but far

Stick this diagram in your books, as previously, add further detail from the following pages to each category

Page 12: Elizabethan Conquest: Virginia - St.Clement's History · Virginia A base in the New World to attack Spanish colonies Virginia was close enough to Florida and the Caribbean, but far

Therewere2attemptsatcolonising Virginia,bothfailed.The1587-90attemptisstillamysterytodayastowhathappened,butthefirstattempt

hadclearreasonsforfailure.

Thevoyage

• Theylefttoolatetoplantcrops• Manyarrivedill• Theclimatewashot,humidandmosquitosweremany,

thefoodtheyhadrottedquickly• TheTigerwasdamagedruiningthefoodfurther&the

seedstheyneededtoplant• Anyhopeofestablishingaself-sufficientcolonyhad

beenlost• ThecolonistswerereliantontheIndiansfeedingthem

Page 13: Elizabethan Conquest: Virginia - St.Clement's History · Virginia A base in the New World to attack Spanish colonies Virginia was close enough to Florida and the Caribbean, but far

Expectationsvsreality

• Thehopeofgettingrichquickwasclearlynothappening!• Hardworkwasneededbyallcoloniststosetupandestablishthecolony,the

merchantsand‘gentlemen’hadnointentionsofhardmanuallabour,theyexpectedtheIndianstodoitall

• Therewerenopreciousmetalsaspromised• Theycolonistsfoundthemselvesforagingfornutsandberriesinthewinter• Thecolonistshatedeachother!Thefarmersrefusedtodothefarmingforthe

upperclasses,theycameheretoworkontheirown lands.• TheNativeAmericanIndianswerehardertocontrolthanthecolonistsexpected• Soldierscouldfight,butcouldn'tfarm!Theywerealsoill-disciplined,atleastone

soldierwasexecutedandhisbodylefttorotasawarning!• Toomanycraftsmen,notenoughfarmers• Therewasnostone,sotheforttheyplannedtobuildwasmadeofwoodinstead• MostofthegunpowderwasdamagedwhentheTigerwasdamagedmeaning

huntersandfishermenfacedproblemsespeciallyasEnglishfishingtechniquesdidn'tworkinRoanoke’sshallowwaters

Page 14: Elizabethan Conquest: Virginia - St.Clement's History · Virginia A base in the New World to attack Spanish colonies Virginia was close enough to Florida and the Caribbean, but far

Native American Indian resistance

• ThepositiverelationswiththeAlgonquianIndiansManteoandWanchese onpreviousvoyageswouldnotberepeatedonthiscolonisation mission

• LocalchiefWINGINA ruledRoanokeIsland,hewasunpredictableandsuspiciousoftheEnglish

• WINGINA turnedagainsttheEnglish,fedupofthemdemandingfood

• WINGINA believedtheEnglishhadsupernaturalpowersfromtheirGodandwouldtryanddestroytheIndians,thiswasbasedonthedeathsofIndianswithnophysicalcontactfromtheEnglish(Europeanillnessesthey’dneverseenbefore)

• TherewereviolentclashesbetweentheNativesandtheEnglishastheEnglishweredesperateforhandouts

• Byspring1586WINGINA askedotherchiefstojoinhimandattacktheEnglish

• RalphLane(GovernorofVirginia)foundoutandwasready,WINGINA waskilled.

• LaneandremainingcolonistsabandonedVirginiaandwenthome27July1586

Page 15: Elizabethan Conquest: Virginia - St.Clement's History · Virginia A base in the New World to attack Spanish colonies Virginia was close enough to Florida and the Caribbean, but far

Roanoke2!TheHistoryMystery!Despitethefailingsofthefirstattempttocolonise Roanoke,theytriedagainin1587,thiswouldbethebeginningsofoneofthemostfamousmysteriesinEnglishhistory!WhathappenedtotheRoanoke2colonists– tothisday,westilldon’tknow!• WalterRaleighmadeManteoLordof

Roanokeinthehopehecouldpersuadeotherlocaltribestoco-operate

• JohnWhitewasputinoverallchargeoftheexpedition(Whitehadsurvivedthe1585attemptandknewwhattoexpect

• JohnWhite’sadvisorhadbeenfounddeadwith16arrowwounds

• ManteoledarevengeattackbutkilledtheremainingfriendlyIndiansfromthenearbyCroatoan settlements

• JohnWhitewassummonedhometotellRaleighwhatwasgoingon(leavinghiswifeanddaughter),butduetotheArmada,didn't’tmakeitbackuntil1590

• Whenhearrivedback,thecolonywasdeserted!

• TherewasatreewithCroatoan carvedintoitsuggestingtheyd movedtotheCroatoan settlementupriver,buttheywereneverfound!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h2r6MYMcnP8

Page 16: Elizabethan Conquest: Virginia - St.Clement's History · Virginia A base in the New World to attack Spanish colonies Virginia was close enough to Florida and the Caribbean, but far

Good documentaries on the Roanoke Mystery:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jVRdkWHhPKUhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yxlUcW2n2bY


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