Elizabeth I

(Anna Hroudová)

Birth• 7ht September

1533

King Henry VIII Anne Boleyn

Parents:

Birth• 7ht September

1533

King Henry VIII Anne Boleyn

Parents:

Marriage was declared null. Elizabeth and Mary were declared illegitimate and were deprived of their place in the line of succession.

Childhood

• 4 stepmothers• Henry VIII reinstated his daughters in

the line of succession• 1547 – death of Henry VIII• Edward became the king Edward VI

at the age of 9• 1553 – death of Edward VI• Lady Jane Gray – queen for 2 weeks

Reign of Mary I

• 1553-1558• Daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine

of Aragon• married to Philip II, king of Spain• Catholic Queen – hard line against

protestants – “Bloody Mary“• 1554 - Waytt`s Rebellion – Elizabeth

was imprisoned in the Tower of London

Early reign

• Coronation – 15th January 1559

• She was welcomed wholeheartedly by common people

• Chief advisors – Sir William Cecil (Secretary of State) and Sir Nicholas Bacon (the Lord Keeper of the Great Seal)

Church• Church of England – established by Henry

VIII• Mary I restored Catholicism• 1559 – Parliament was summoned to

consider the Reformation Bill to create new church

: ministers could marry : Images were banned from churches : Book of Common Prayer : Elizabeth became the “Supreme

Head of the Churh of England”

Conflicts and Rebellions

• Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots : wife of French king Francis II : she declared herself Queen of England (with

French support) : imprisoned in Scotland, later in England

Conflict with France

Northern Rebellion

Rebellions in Ireland

Anglo – Spanish War

• Reasons - English piracy - English support of Netherlands - conspiracies to remove Elizabeth I• 1585 - outbreak of the war• 1588 - Speech to the troops at Tilbury - defeat of the Spanish army 1598 - death of Philip II - the war reached stalemate 1604 – Treaty of London concluded the war

Death

• 24th March 1603 at the age of 69 at Richmond Palace

• Buried at Westminster Abbey• Tales about nominating her

successor on her deathbed

Queen and marriage• Robert Dudley – unpopular• Francis, Duke of Alencon/Anjou (hier to the French throne)• Different lines of succession : Mary I, Queen of Scots : Lady Catherine Grey : Henry Hastings • Reasons for never marrying are unclear.• Teories : reluctance to share power of the crown : she felt repulsed by the mistreatment of Henry

VIII`s wives : she was psychologicaly scared : it would have cost her a large amount of money

and her independence : marriage to a foreigner could have provoke a

hostility : marriage to an English nobleman could have lead

to a civil war

Personality and Hobbies

• Elizabeth was taught by famous scholars William Grindal, Roger Asham,…

• Intelligent – she spoke 5 languages fluently• Hobbies – sports (horse riding, haunting,

hawking, bear bainting), music, dancing, masques, watching plays,…

• Personality – resourceful, determinant, charismatic, flirtarious, short – tempered

• Motto – “video et taceo“ (I see and keep silent)

• Raised as a Protestant

Elizabethan Era

• Renaissance period• Golden age

• Playwrights – W. Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe, Ben Jonson

• Sir Francis Drake• Colonisation of North America – Sir Walter

Raleigh - Virginia

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