Elements and Principlesof Design

The Building Blocks Used to Create a Work of Art.

By: Lorri Doubrava

Elements of Design

Artist use the following tools to express their ideas.

Color Value

Lines Texture

Shape and Form Space

Color is the element of art that is derived from reflected light.

• Color is what is perceived when different wavelengths of light hit the retina of the eye. Our brains interpret the reflected wavelengths as color.

Lines are linear marks with many characteristics.

Some Characteristics –• Width• Length• Movement• Pattern• Shading

Shape - an enclosed line.

• Although shapes may have height and width, they are usually flat (two-dimensional).

• Geometric shapes include squares, circles, triangles, rectangles , and ovals.

Forms are three-dimensional.

• Characteristics –– Height

– Width

– Thickness

• Types– Sphere

– Cone

– Cylinder

– Cube

Value - the lightness or darkness of a color.

• Variations in value can create focal points and the illusion of depth.

Texture is the feel of a surface.

• Textures can be tactile (physical) or visual.• Varying patterns of light and dark areas will help

create texture.

Space is the area on which the artist works.

• Positive space is the object.

• Negative space is the voided area surrounding the object. • Overlapping objects gives

the illusion of space.

Principles of Design

• The different ways an artist uses the elements to create a unified work of art.

• Balance• Contrast• Rhythm/Movement• Repetition• Emphasis• Unity

Balance is visual weight.

• Designers use balance to create stability or equilibrium in a work of art.

• Balance can be affected by the size and value of an object.

Symmetrical Balance

• Symmetrical balance is achieved when all of the elements are of equal weight and are placed evenly on a page.

Asymmetrical Balance

• Asymmetrical balance occurs when the objects on each side of the design are different. Asymmetrical balance can be achieved by skillful use of design elements, including value, color, and texture.

Radial Balance

• Radial balance occurs when all of the elements radiate out from the center.

Contrast is the variation of elements in a design.

• Contrast creates excitement or interest in the design.

• Contrast can be achieved by a difference in size, color, texture, or shape.

Rhythm/Movement• Rhythm is the way

your eye moves throughout a design or picture.

• Rhythm is created by the repetition of elements.

Rhythm/Movement

• Repetition of lines and forms can create optical illusions that cause our eyes to see movement.

Repetition

• Repetition is the repeating of elements.

• Add variation to your repetition in order to prevent monotony.

Emphasis• Emphasis is

drawing attention to main point.

• All elements can work together to direct your eye to the focal point.